Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 189

Genus: Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846

Fischer von Waldheim, 1846: 266. Type species: Nocarodes serricollis F.-W. 1846.

Fieber 1853: 127; Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882: 188; Jacobson 1905: 200, 297, sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Kirby 1910: 354; I. Bolívar 1912: 7; I. Bolívar 1916: 22, 24; Ebner 1919: 173; Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213; Uvarov 1943: 21; Ramme 1951: 278, 279, 291; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 355; Karabağ 1958: 124; Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 58; Bey-Bienko 1964: 251; Avakyan 1968: 90, 101; Descamps 1968: 28; Demirsoy 1973: 407, 419; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 74; Salman 1978: 67; Presa & Garcia 1983: 17; Otte 1994: 173; Mirzayans 1998: 21; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 266.

Pamphagus (Nocarodes) : Stål 1876: 28.

Vachushtia gen. nov.: Shugurov 1912: 105 (Type species: Vachushtia sancti-davidi Shugurov, 1912).

Vachushtia Shugurov, 1912 : I. Bolívar 1916: 24, as syn. of Nocarodes .

Lativertex n. subg.: Werner 1939: 134, 136, as subgenus of Prionosthenus , without type species. Unavailable name according to the ICZN (Article 13.3).

Lativertex Koçak & Kemal, 2010: 5 [Type species: Prionosthenus (Lativertex) iranicus Werner, 1939 ], made available by designation the type species; Massa 2012: 393, as syn. of Nocarodes .

Znojkiana Mistshenko gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 348 (Type species: Nocarodes znojkoi Miram, 1938 ).

Znojkiana Mistshenko, 1951 : Shumakov 1963: 60, as syn. of Nocarodes ; Avakyan 1968: 88, 95.

Savalania Mistshenko gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 354 (Type species: Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 ). syn. nov.

Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 : Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 57, 60; Descamps 1968: 28; Presa & Garcia 1983: 29; Otte 1994: 206; Mirzayans 1998: 20; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 267.

Remarks. Fischer von Waldheim (1846: 270, 271) described two species of Nocarodes as Nocarodes femoralis Fischer and Nocarodes variegatus Fischer respectively. Later Fieber (1853: 127), Kirby (1910: 355, 356) and I. Bolívar (1912: 8; 1916: 25) listed them under Nocarodes . But, Uvarov (1928: 149) excluded these species from Pamphagidae , considering them larval instars of some other genera and N. femoralis is a nymph of Psofus stridulus . Later, Presa & Garcia (1983: 17, 18) and Otte (1994: 173, 174) listed these two species again under the genus Nocarodes in their check-lists. Uvarov (1928) is the only researcher to have studied this problem, therefore I follow him.

Werner (1939: 136, 137) included 3 species in his new subgenus, Lativertex, of the genus Prionosthenus , P. (L.) iranicus Werner, 1939 , P. (L.) keredjensis Werner, 1939 and P. (L.) liebmanni Werner, 1939 . The first two species are members of Nocarodes and included in the present paper (see N. iranicus and N. keredjensis below), while reading its description P. liebmanni is clearly a member of Pamphagini . According to Massa (2012: 393) it should match Ocneropsis bethlehemita (Bolívar, 1893) but because of some differences in the original description he proposed it as a taxon inquirendum.

Mistshenko (in Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 354) established the genus Savalania for its only species “ Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 ”. He distinguished it from Nocarodes in the key by the shape of hind femur (its dorsal margin with small denticles, the dorsal lobe slightly developed and uniformly raised along the whole femur) and the male meso- and metasterna with small scattered dots. I believe that the latter cannot be a genus character in this group, because of its indistinct stability. The shape of hind femur described in the original description does not agree with the type species, S. pullus . This species has the hind femur with a preapical notch, one of the genus characters of Nocarodes , but the preapical notch is very weak in S. pullus ( Fig. 742 ). It shares this character with some species of Nocarodes , e.g. N. balachowskyi , N. ebneri and the N. znojkoi sp. group, all of which have also the very weak preapical notch on the dorsal margin of hind femur ( Figs. 749, 752 ). Besides, particularly the structure of phallus ( Figs. 85 a, b) also agrees with the species of Nocarodes ( Figs. 82–88 ). The only difference of S. pullus determined in the present study is the elongated posterior margin of epiphallus ( Fig. 85 c), but it is certainly not a genus character alone. In conclusion Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 is here synonymized with Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 , while S. pullus is considered a distinct species of Nocarodes .

Figures

FIGURES 723 – 742. Habitus and body parts. 723 – 726 Nocaracris crassipes, 723 male holotype; 724 ditto dorsal; 725 female paratype; 726 ditto dorsal. 727 – 738 Turkanocaracris levigatus, 727 male holotype; 728 ditto dorsal; 729 female paratype; 730 ditto dorsal; 731 male head and pronotum; 732 ditto dorsal; 733 male tympanum; 734 male prosternum; 735 male head, frontal view; 736 female head and pronotum; 737 ditto dorsal; 738 female head, frontal view. 739 – 742 Turkanocaracris davisi, 739 male without tympanum; 740 male prosternum; 741 male habitus; 742 ditto dorsal.

FIGURES 743 – 759. Habitus and body parts. 743 – 744 Araxiana woronowi, 743 male, mirror view; 744 female. 745 – 746 female fastigium of vertex, 745 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 746 Nocaodes nodosus. 747 – 748 Nocarodes serricollis, male, 747 hind femur; 748 mesosternal lobes. 749 – 750 Nocarodes znojkoi, male, 749 hind femur; 750 mesosternal lobes. 751 – 752 female hind femur, 751 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 752 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 753 – 754 frons, lateral view, 753 Nocarodes serricollis, holotype; 754 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 755 – 757 female hind femur, 755 Nocarodes serricollis; 756 Nocarodes geniculatus, holotype; 757 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 758 – 759 female vertex and pronotum, lateral view, 758 Nocarodes daghestanicus loripes; 759 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus.

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).