Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 189

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E1566C02-9987-4116-83AA-91D3D1DCF2FF

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781158

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C24587A5-FF5A-4FED-FF50-FDCB437FF916

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scientific name

Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
status

 

Genus: Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 View in CoL

Fischer von Waldheim, 1846: 266. Type species: Nocarodes serricollis F.-W. 1846.

Fieber 1853: 127; Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882: 188; Jacobson 1905: 200, 297, sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Kirby 1910: 354; I. Bolívar 1912: 7; I. Bolívar 1916: 22, 24; Ebner 1919: 173; Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213; Uvarov 1943: 21; Ramme 1951: 278, 279, 291; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 355; Karabağ 1958: 124; Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 58; Bey-Bienko 1964: 251; Avakyan 1968: 90, 101; Descamps 1968: 28; Demirsoy 1973: 407, 419; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 74; Salman 1978: 67; Presa & Garcia 1983: 17; Otte 1994: 173; Mirzayans 1998: 21; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 266.

Pamphagus (Nocarodes) View in CoL : Stål 1876: 28.

Vachushtia View in CoL gen. nov.: Shugurov 1912: 105 (Type species: Vachushtia sancti-davidi Shugurov, 1912).

Vachushtia Shugurov, 1912 View in CoL : I. Bolívar 1916: 24, as syn. of Nocarodes View in CoL .

Lativertex n. subg.: Werner 1939: 134, 136, as subgenus of Prionosthenus View in CoL , without type species. Unavailable name according to the ICZN (Article 13.3).

Lativertex Koçak & Kemal, 2010: 5 [Type species: Prionosthenus (Lativertex) iranicus Werner, 1939 ], made available by designation the type species; Massa 2012: 393, as syn. of Nocarodes .

Znojkiana Mistshenko View in CoL gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 348 (Type species: Nocarodes znojkoi Miram, 1938 View in CoL ).

Znojkiana Mistshenko, 1951 View in CoL : Shumakov 1963: 60, as syn. of Nocarodes View in CoL ; Avakyan 1968: 88, 95.

Savalania Mistshenko View in CoL gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 354 (Type species: Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 View in CoL ). syn. nov.

Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 View in CoL : Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 57, 60; Descamps 1968: 28; Presa & Garcia 1983: 29; Otte 1994: 206; Mirzayans 1998: 20; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 267.

Remarks. Fischer von Waldheim (1846: 270, 271) described two species of Nocarodes as Nocarodes femoralis Fischer and Nocarodes variegatus Fischer respectively. Later Fieber (1853: 127), Kirby (1910: 355, 356) and I. Bolívar (1912: 8; 1916: 25) listed them under Nocarodes . But, Uvarov (1928: 149) excluded these species from Pamphagidae , considering them larval instars of some other genera and N. femoralis is a nymph of Psofus stridulus . Later, Presa & Garcia (1983: 17, 18) and Otte (1994: 173, 174) listed these two species again under the genus Nocarodes in their check-lists. Uvarov (1928) is the only researcher to have studied this problem, therefore I follow him.

Werner (1939: 136, 137) included 3 species in his new subgenus, Lativertex, of the genus Prionosthenus , P. (L.) iranicus Werner, 1939 , P. (L.) keredjensis Werner, 1939 and P. (L.) liebmanni Werner, 1939 . The first two species are members of Nocarodes and included in the present paper (see N. iranicus and N. keredjensis below), while reading its description P. liebmanni is clearly a member of Pamphagini . According to Massa (2012: 393) it should match Ocneropsis bethlehemita (Bolívar, 1893) but because of some differences in the original description he proposed it as a taxon inquirendum.

Mistshenko (in Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 354) established the genus Savalania for its only species “ Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 ”. He distinguished it from Nocarodes in the key by the shape of hind femur (its dorsal margin with small denticles, the dorsal lobe slightly developed and uniformly raised along the whole femur) and the male meso- and metasterna with small scattered dots. I believe that the latter cannot be a genus character in this group, because of its indistinct stability. The shape of hind femur described in the original description does not agree with the type species, S. pullus . This species has the hind femur with a preapical notch, one of the genus characters of Nocarodes , but the preapical notch is very weak in S. pullus ( Fig. 742 View FIGURES 723 – 742 ). It shares this character with some species of Nocarodes , e.g. N. balachowskyi , N. ebneri and the N. znojkoi sp. group, all of which have also the very weak preapical notch on the dorsal margin of hind femur ( Figs. 749, 752 View FIGURES 743 – 759 ). Besides, particularly the structure of phallus ( Figs. 85 View FIGURES 83 – 92 a, b) also agrees with the species of Nocarodes ( Figs. 82–88 View FIGURES 69 – 82 View FIGURES 83 – 92 ). The only difference of S. pullus determined in the present study is the elongated posterior margin of epiphallus ( Fig. 85 View FIGURES 83 – 92 c), but it is certainly not a genus character alone. In conclusion Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 is here synonymized with Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 , while S. pullus is considered a distinct species of Nocarodes .

Avakyan, G. D. (1968) Fauna of the Armenian SSR. Locusts (Acridoidea). Zool. Instit. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi SSR. Erevan, pp. 12 - 59.

Bey-Bienko, G. Ya & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Fauna of the USSR Locusts and Grasshoppers of the U. S. S. R. and Adjacent Countries. Part 1. Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 38, 1 - 400.

Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. (1964). Order Orthoptera. In: Bey-Bienko, Keys to insects of European part of USSR, Moscow-Leningrad (Nauka Publ.) 1, 205 - 284. [Russian]

Bolivar, I. (1912) Estudios entomologicos. I. Los panfaginos palearcticos. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Serie Zoologica, 6, 3 - 32.

Bolivar, I. (1916) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Pamphaginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles (V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet) 170, 1 - 40, pl. 1.

Demirsoy, A. (1973) Revision der anatolischen Pamphagidae (Saltatoria, Caelifera, Pamphagidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 4, 403 - 428.

Demirsoy, A. (1977) Turkiye Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) faunasinin tesbiti ve taksonomik incelenmesi (1). Ataturk Unviversitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, no: 80, 252 pp.

Morales-Agacino, E. & Descamps, M. (1968) Contribution a la faune du Maroc. I. Genres Glauia I. Bolivar, Glauvarovia Morales Agacino et Pseudoglauia nov. (Orth. Pamphagidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 4, 419 - 435.

Ebner, R. (1919) VI. Orthopteren aus Kleinasien. In: Toelg, F. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischer Forschungsreise nach Kleinasien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (Zeitschrift fur systematische Zoologie), 1919 (A) 8, pp. 146 - 176

Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthopteren mit besonderer Rucksicht der Bohmischen Arten. Lotus (Prag) vol. 3, 90 - 104, 115 - 131, 138 - 154, 168 - 176, 184 - 188, 201 - 207, 232 - 238, 252 - 261; (separate, issued 1854, Prag (Gerzabek), pp. 1 - 79 + (index) I - IV).

Hodjat, S. H. (2012) An update list of Pamphagidae Brumster 1840 (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Iran with a key to the genera. Journal of Crop Protection 1 (3), 261 - 270.

Karabag, T. (1958) Turkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi (The Orthoptera Fauna of Turkey). Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, Ankara, 81, 198 pp.

Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of the Orthoptera. Vol. 3., Trustees of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, 674 pp.

Kocak, A. O. & Kemal, M. (2010) Validity of the subgenus name Lativertex Werner, 1939 (Pamphagidae, Orthoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara Miscellaneous Papers, 153, 4 - 5.

Miram, E. (1938) Mantodea and Orthoptera of the Nakhichevan A. S. S. R. collected by D. V. Znoiko. Trud. zool. Inst. Baku, 8, 33 - 54. [Russian with German descriptions]

Mirzayans, H. (1959) Liste des Orthopteres et leurs distribution en Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 18, 10 - 30.

Mirzayans, H. (1998) Insects of Iran. The list of Orthoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute of Iran. Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae. Plant Pests and Diseases Reseach Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Entomological Publications, Tehran, 3, 40 pp.

Otte, D. (1994) Orthoptera Species File 3. Grasshoppers [Acridomorpha] B. Pamphagoidea. Orthopterists' Society & Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 241 pp.

Presa J. J. & Garcia M. D. (1983) Inventario preliminar de los Pamphagidae (Orthoptera) de la region paleartica. Anales de la Universidad de Murcia, 42, 3 - 42.

Ramme, W. (1951) Zur Systematik Faunistik und Biologie der Orthopteren von Sudost Europa und Vorderasien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologie Museum in Berlin, 27, 1 - 431.

Salman, S. (1978) Agri, Kars ve Artvin illerinin Orthoptera (Insecta) faunasi uzerine taksonomik arastirmalar. Ataturk Univiversitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, no: 82, 184 pp.

Shugurov, A. M. (1912) Contribution a la faune des Orthopteres de la Georgie orientale. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [= Revue Russe d' Entomologie], 12, 103 - 106.

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Stal, C. (1876) Observations Orthopterologiques. 2. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar, 4 (5), 1 - 58.

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Gallery Image

FIGURES 723 – 742. Habitus and body parts. 723 – 726 Nocaracris crassipes, 723 male holotype; 724 ditto dorsal; 725 female paratype; 726 ditto dorsal. 727 – 738 Turkanocaracris levigatus, 727 male holotype; 728 ditto dorsal; 729 female paratype; 730 ditto dorsal; 731 male head and pronotum; 732 ditto dorsal; 733 male tympanum; 734 male prosternum; 735 male head, frontal view; 736 female head and pronotum; 737 ditto dorsal; 738 female head, frontal view. 739 – 742 Turkanocaracris davisi, 739 male without tympanum; 740 male prosternum; 741 male habitus; 742 ditto dorsal.

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FIGURES 743 – 759. Habitus and body parts. 743 – 744 Araxiana woronowi, 743 male, mirror view; 744 female. 745 – 746 female fastigium of vertex, 745 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 746 Nocaodes nodosus. 747 – 748 Nocarodes serricollis, male, 747 hind femur; 748 mesosternal lobes. 749 – 750 Nocarodes znojkoi, male, 749 hind femur; 750 mesosternal lobes. 751 – 752 female hind femur, 751 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 752 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 753 – 754 frons, lateral view, 753 Nocarodes serricollis, holotype; 754 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 755 – 757 female hind femur, 755 Nocarodes serricollis; 756 Nocarodes geniculatus, holotype; 757 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus, paratype. 758 – 759 female vertex and pronotum, lateral view, 758 Nocarodes daghestanicus loripes; 759 Nocarodes daghestanicus daghestanicus.

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FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

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FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Orthoptera

SuperFamily

Acridoidea

Family

Pamphagidae

SubFamily

Pamphaginae

Tribe

Nocarodeini