Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 189

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scientific name

Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
status

 

Genus: Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846

Fischer von Waldheim, 1846: 266. Type species: Nocarodes serricollis F.-W. 1846.

Fieber 1853: 127; Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882: 188; Jacobson 1905: 200, 297, sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951; Kirby 1910: 354; I. Bolívar 1912: 7; I. Bolívar 1916: 22, 24; Ebner 1919: 173; Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213; Uvarov 1943: 21; Ramme 1951: 278, 279, 291; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 355; Karabağ 1958: 124; Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 58; Bey-Bienko 1964: 251; Avakyan 1968: 90, 101; Descamps 1968: 28; Demirsoy 1973: 407, 419; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 74; Salman 1978: 67; Presa & Garcia 1983: 17; Otte 1994: 173; Mirzayans 1998: 21; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 266.

Pamphagus ( Nocarodes ): Stål 1876: 28.

Vachushtia gen. nov.: Shugurov 1912: 105 (Type species: Vachushtia sancti-davidi Shugurov, 1912).

Vachushtia Shugurov, 1912 : I. Bolívar 1916: 24, as syn. of Nocarodes .

Lativertex n. subg.: Werner 1939: 134, 136, as subgenus of Prionosthenus , without type species. Unavailable name according to the ICZN (Article 13.3).

Lativertex Koçak & Kemal, 2010: 5 [Type species: Prionosthenus (Lativertex) iranicus Werner, 1939 ], made available by designation the type species; Massa 2012: 393, as syn. of Nocarodes .

Znojkiana Mistshenko gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 348 (Type species: Nocarodes znojkoi Miram, 1938 ).

Znojkiana Mistshenko, 1951 : Shumakov 1963: 60, as syn. of Nocarodes ; Avakyan 1968: 88, 95.

Savalania Mistshenko gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 354 (Type species: Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 ). syn. nov.

Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 : Mirzayans 1959: 17; Shumakov 1963: 57, 60; Descamps 1968: 28; Presa & Garcia 1983: 29; Otte 1994: 206; Mirzayans 1998: 20; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 267.

Remarks. Fischer von Waldheim (1846: 270, 271) described two species of Nocarodes as Nocarodes femoralis Fischer and Nocarodes variegatus Fischer respectively. Later Fieber (1853: 127), Kirby (1910: 355, 356) and I. Bolívar (1912: 8; 1916: 25) listed them under Nocarodes . But, Uvarov (1928: 149) excluded these species from Pamphagidae , considering them larval instars of some other genera and N. femoralis is a nymph of Psofus stridulus . Later, Presa & Garcia (1983: 17, 18) and Otte (1994: 173, 174) listed these two species again under the genus Nocarodes in their check-lists. Uvarov (1928) is the only researcher to have studied this problem, therefore I follow him.

Werner (1939: 136, 137) included 3 species in his new subgenus, Lativertex, of the genus Prionosthenus , P. (L.) iranicus Werner, 1939 , P. (L.) keredjensis Werner, 1939 and P. (L.) liebmanni Werner, 1939 . The first two species are members of Nocarodes and included in the present paper (see N. iranicus and N. keredjensis below), while reading its description P. liebmanni is clearly a member of Pamphagini . According to Massa (2012: 393) it should match Ocneropsis bethlehemita (Bolívar, 1893) but because of some differences in the original description he proposed it as a taxon inquirendum.

Mistshenko (in Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 354) established the genus Savalania for its only species “ Savalania pulla Mistshenko, 1951 ”. He distinguished it from Nocarodes in the key by the shape of hind femur (its dorsal margin with small denticles, the dorsal lobe slightly developed and uniformly raised along the whole femur) and the male meso- and metasterna with small scattered dots. I believe that the latter cannot be a genus character in this group, because of its indistinct stability. The shape of hind femur described in the original description does not agree with the type species, S. pullus . This species has the hind femur with a preapical notch, one of the genus characters of Nocarodes , but the preapical notch is very weak in S. pullus ( Fig. 742). It shares this character with some species of Nocarodes , e.g. N. balachowskyi , N. ebneri and the N. znojkoi sp. group, all of which have also the very weak preapical notch on the dorsal margin of hind femur ( Figs. 749, 752). Besides, particularly the structure of phallus ( Figs. 85 a, b) also agrees with the species of Nocarodes ( Figs. 82–88). The only difference of S. pullus determined in the present study is the elongated posterior margin of epiphallus ( Fig. 85 c), but it is certainly not a genus character alone. In conclusion Savalania Mistshenko, 1951 is here synonymized with Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 , while S. pullus is considered a distinct species of Nocarodes .

Avakyan, G. D. (1968) Fauna of the Armenian SSR. Locusts (Acridoidea). Zool. Instit. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi SSR. Erevan, pp. 12 - 59.

Bey-Bienko, G. Ya & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Fauna of the USSR Locusts and Grasshoppers of the U. S. S. R. and Adjacent Countries. Part 1. Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 38, 1 - 400.

Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. (1964). Order Orthoptera. In: Bey-Bienko, Keys to insects of European part of USSR, Moscow-Leningrad (Nauka Publ.) 1, 205 - 284. [Russian]

Bolivar, I. (1912) Estudios entomologicos. I. Los panfaginos palearcticos. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Serie Zoologica, 6, 3 - 32.

Bolivar, I. (1916) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Pamphaginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles (V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet) 170, 1 - 40, pl. 1.

Demirsoy, A. (1973) Revision der anatolischen Pamphagidae (Saltatoria, Caelifera, Pamphagidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 4, 403 - 428.

Demirsoy, A. (1977) Turkiye Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) faunasinin tesbiti ve taksonomik incelenmesi (1). Ataturk Unviversitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, no: 80, 252 pp.

Morales-Agacino, E. & Descamps, M. (1968) Contribution a la faune du Maroc. I. Genres Glauia I. Bolivar, Glauvarovia Morales Agacino et Pseudoglauia nov. (Orth. Pamphagidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 4, 419 - 435.

Ebner, R. (1919) VI. Orthopteren aus Kleinasien. In: Toelg, F. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischer Forschungsreise nach Kleinasien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (Zeitschrift fur systematische Zoologie), 1919 (A) 8, pp. 146 - 176

Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthopteren mit besonderer Rucksicht der Bohmischen Arten. Lotus (Prag) vol. 3, 90 - 104, 115 - 131, 138 - 154, 168 - 176, 184 - 188, 201 - 207, 232 - 238, 252 - 261; (separate, issued 1854, Prag (Gerzabek), pp. 1 - 79 + (index) I - IV).

Hodjat, S. H. (2012) An update list of Pamphagidae Brumster 1840 (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Iran with a key to the genera. Journal of Crop Protection 1 (3), 261 - 270.

Karabag, T. (1958) Turkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi (The Orthoptera Fauna of Turkey). Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, Ankara, 81, 198 pp.

Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of the Orthoptera. Vol. 3., Trustees of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, 674 pp.

Kocak, A. O. & Kemal, M. (2010) Validity of the subgenus name Lativertex Werner, 1939 (Pamphagidae, Orthoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara Miscellaneous Papers, 153, 4 - 5.

Miram, E. (1938) Mantodea and Orthoptera of the Nakhichevan A. S. S. R. collected by D. V. Znoiko. Trud. zool. Inst. Baku, 8, 33 - 54. [Russian with German descriptions]

Mirzayans, H. (1959) Liste des Orthopteres et leurs distribution en Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 18, 10 - 30.

Mirzayans, H. (1998) Insects of Iran. The list of Orthoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute of Iran. Pamphagidae and Pyrgomorphidae. Plant Pests and Diseases Reseach Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Entomological Publications, Tehran, 3, 40 pp.

Otte, D. (1994) Orthoptera Species File 3. Grasshoppers [Acridomorpha] B. Pamphagoidea. Orthopterists' Society & Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 241 pp.

Presa J. J. & Garcia M. D. (1983) Inventario preliminar de los Pamphagidae (Orthoptera) de la region paleartica. Anales de la Universidad de Murcia, 42, 3 - 42.

Ramme, W. (1951) Zur Systematik Faunistik und Biologie der Orthopteren von Sudost Europa und Vorderasien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologie Museum in Berlin, 27, 1 - 431.

Salman, S. (1978) Agri, Kars ve Artvin illerinin Orthoptera (Insecta) faunasi uzerine taksonomik arastirmalar. Ataturk Univiversitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, no: 82, 184 pp.

Shugurov, A. M. (1912) Contribution a la faune des Orthopteres de la Georgie orientale. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [= Revue Russe d' Entomologie], 12, 103 - 106.

Shumakov, E. M. (1963) Acridoidea of Afghanistan and Iran. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Unionis Soveticae, 49, 3 - 248 [Russian]

Stal, C. (1876) Observations Orthopterologiques. 2. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar, 4 (5), 1 - 58.

Tarbinsky, S. P. (1940) The saltatorian orthopterous insects of the Azerbaidzhan SSR. Acad. Sci. Azyerbaidjandkoi S. S. R., Moscow-Leningrad, 245 pp. [Russian]

Uvarov, B. P. (1928) Notes on some Caucasian Pamphaginae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [= Revue Russe d' Entomologie], 22, 148 - 155.

Uvarov, B. P. (1943) The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the Acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society London, 93 (1), 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1943. tb 00429. x

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1882) Prodromus der europaischen Orthopteren. Leipzig, 466 pp.

Werner, F. (1939) Uber einige Orthopteren aus Iran. Konowia, Zeitschrift fur Systematische Insektenkunde, 17, 125 - 137.

Zang, D. C., Yin, H. & Yin, X. C. (2003) On the taxonomic system of Eurasian Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46 (2), 218 - 221.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Orthoptera

Family

Pamphagidae