Pardosa trailli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 )

Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group, Zootaxa 3894 (1), pp. 33-60 : 54-56

Pardosa trailli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)

Figs 8 , 16 , 19 , 27 , 35 , 43 , 57–58 , 66, 74, 84, 97, 112–113 , 120, 127–129

Lycosa traillii O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873: 524 , pl. 46, fig. 1 (♂ ♀, only ♀ illustrated).

Pardosa trailli: Roberts 1985: 134 , fig. 60a (♂ ♀); Kronestedt 2004: 283, figs. 2, 7–8, 12, 14, 18, 25–26, 29 (♂ ♀); Almquist 2005: 230 (in part) fig. 227a (malformed ♂ -palp).

Type material. Lectotype ♂ from Scotland: Grampian , Braemar , in Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK ( Kronestedt 2004).

Material examined. See Kronestedt (2004).

Comments. This species was recently described by Almquist (2005), where, regrettably, he made a partial confusion with P. eiseni . His figs 227a–e is said to illustrate the male and female of P. trailli . Figs 227a–b shows a palp of P. trailli but it is malformed (notably distal part of cymbium). A drawing of a normal male is therefore given in this paper ( Fig. 19 ). Fig. 227d in Almquist (2005), however, shows the dorsal (inner) view of an epigyne of P. eiseni (in which the horn-like structures containing fertilization ducts are close at midline of epigyne, contrary to the configuration in P. trailli (cf. Figs 99 & 113 ).

This species is restricted to Britain and Scandinavia ( Fig. 128 ). The record from the Faroe Islands ( Schenkel 1925) was given as P. eiseni but the accompanying illustration most probably shows a female of P. trailli . It remains to be investigated whether the disjunct occurrence in Scandinavia (cf. map in Kronestedt 2004) is due to lack of collecting activities.

Habitat. Open stony ground (e.g. scree slopes) in mountains. In Britain, P. trailli is recorded from 730-1300 m asl. In Sweden, it is found on high mountains close to or above timberline. In Norway, it is a pioneer species in alpine glacier foreland ( Bråten et al. 2012).

Distribution ( Fig. 128 ). This species is known from Britain,? Faroe Islands ( Denmark), Norway and Sweden.

Figures

FIGURE 128. Distribution of Pardosa eiseni (black circles), P. giebeli (black blobs), P. lasciva (blue crosses), P. nigra (green triangles) and P. trailli (red triangles) in Europe. For open red triangle in the Faroe Islands see text under P. trailli.

FIGURES 1–8. Left male palp, retrolateral. 1, Pardosa eiseni. 2, P. fomichevi sp. n. 3, P. giebeli. 4, P. lasciva. 5, P. lyrata. 6, P. nigra. 7, P. paramushirensis. 8, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9–16. Left male palp, prolateral. 9, Pardosa eiseni. 10, P. fomichevi sp. n. 11, P. giebeli. 12, P. lasciva. 13, P. lyrata. 14, P. nigra. 15, P. paramushirensis. 16, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 17–19. 17-18, Pardosa fomichevi sp. n.: left male palp (17), epigyne (18). 19, P. trailli: left male palp. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 20–27. Bulbus of left male palp in ventral view. 20, Pardosa eiseni. 21, P. fomichevi sp. n. 22, P. giebeli. 23, P. lasciva. 24, P. lyrata. 25, P. nigra. 26, P. paramushirensis. 27, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 28–35. Bulbus of left male palp in oblique ventral-frontal view. 28, Pardosa eiseni. 29, P. fomichevi sp. n. 30, P. giebeli. 31, P. lasciva. 32, P. lyrata. 33, P. nigra. 34, P. paramushirensis. 35, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 36–43. Left male palp: tegulum with tegular apophysis. 36, Pardosa eiseni. 37, P. fomichevi sp. n. 38, P.giebeli. 39, P. lasciva. 40, P. lyrata. 41, P. nigra. 42, P. paramushirensis. 43, P. trailli. tg, tegulum; tg.ap, tegular apophysis. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 44–58. Left male palp: embolus in frontal (44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57) and ventral (45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) view. 44–45, Pardosa eiseni. 46–47, P. fomichevi sp. n. 48, P. giebeli. 49–50, P. lasciva. 51–52, P. lyrata. 53–54, P. nigra. 55–56, P. paramushirensis. 57–58, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 98–113. Epigynes, cleared, in ventral (98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112) and dorsal (99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113) view. 98-99, Pardosa eiseni. 100–101, P. fomichevi sp. n. 102–103, P. giebeli. 104–105, P. lasciva. 106–107, P. lyrata. 108–109, P. nigra. 110–111, P. paramushirensis. 112–113, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.