Solanum odoriferum Vell., 1829

Knapp, Sandra, 2013, A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22, pp. 1-432 : 184-187

28. Solanum odoriferum Vell. , Fl. Flumin. 85. 1829 Figure 69

Solanum pachyantherum Witasek, Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 79: 331. 1910. Type: Brazil. São Paulo: near São Paulo, Pilar, 750-800 m, M. Wacket s.n. (lectotype, designated here: WU [WU0037997, F neg. 30886]; isolectotype: WU [WU0037798]).

Type:

Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Sin. loc., Anon. (no specimens extant; lectotype, designated by Morton 1976, pg. 61: Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icones 2, tab. 108. 1831).

Description.

Woody vine. Stems glabrous and shining; new growth glabrous, minutely papillose. Bark of older stems greenish brown, shiny. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, (4-)7-11 cm long, 1.5-5.5 cm wide, elliptic, coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous and shiny; primary veins 7-9 pairs, the secondary venation fine and strongly parallel between the primary veins; base truncate to obtuse and slightly decurrent on the petiole; margins entire, revolute; apex abruptly acute to acuminate; petioles 1.3-3.5 cm, glabrous, twining around supports and aiding in climbing. Inflorescences terminal, 1-13 cm long, many times branched, with up to 100 flowers, completely glabrous; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long; pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, filiform, <0.5 mm in diameter at base and apex, spreading at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base in a small sleeve, leaving a tiny peg at abscission; pedicel scars irregularly spaced near the tips of inflorescence branches, to 5 mm apart in fruit. Buds turbinate with an apical nipple, the corolla far exserted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 2-2.5 mm long, shallowly cup-shaped, the lobes <0.5 mm long, usually forming only an irregularly and shallowly lobed hyaline rim to the tube with tiny apiculae <0.5 mm long, glabrous, the apiculae with a few papillae. Corolla 1.8-2 cm in diameter, white, fragrant (fide Mentz and Oliveira 2004), stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 7-9 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, planar or spreading at anthesis, the tips cucullate and minutely papillate along the distal portion, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or minutely papillate; anthers 4.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely con nivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 8-9 mm long, glabrous; stigma clavate, slightly bilobed, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-1.2 cm in diameter, black when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, woody, pendent or spreading. Seeds 10-20 per berry, flattened reniform, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, pale yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells rectangular. Chromosome number: not known.

Distribution

( Figure 70 ). In the Atlantic rainforests and seasonal deciduous forests of southeastern Brazil from the states of São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul at elevations from 0-750 m. The species has only been collected once from Misiones, Argentina (Ekman 1975) despite much botanical work in the area, it is likely to come from a cultivated plant but information to that effect is not on the label.

Common names:

Brazil. Santa Catarina: joá-cipó-cheiroso (Smith and Downs 1966).

Conservation status.

Least Concern (LC); EOO>100,000 km2 (LC) and AOO>10,000 km2 (LC). See Moat (2007) for explanation of measurements.

Discussion.

Solanum odoriferum is a striking plant, with its large, multi-flowered inflorescences of aromatic flowers. It is superficially similar to the sympatric Solanum flaccidum but is easily distinguished from that species by its coriaceous, shiny, glabrous leaves, truncate calyx and anthers on filaments of equal length.

The illustration in Vellozo (1831) leaves no doubt as to the identity of this species (see Figure 71 ), and was selected as lectotype by Morton (1976) since no specimens associated with this work have ever been recovered ( Carauta 1973 ). I have lectotypified Solanum pachyantherum with the better of two duplicates of Wacket s.n. from the type locality at WU (WU0037997).

Specimens examined.

Argentina. Misiones: Posadas, Bonpland, 1907, Ekman 1975 (NY).

Brazil. Minas Gerais: Tejuco, Schott s.n. (F); Paraná: Alexandra, 5 Jul 1909, Dusén 8620 (F, S); Morretes, 4 Jan 1914, Dusén 14277 (F, GH, S); Campina Grande do Sul, Rio Pardinho, 21 Nov 1965, Hatschbach 13166 (F, P, US); Guaraqueçaba, Rio do Cedro, 20 m, 21 Nov 1968, Hatschbach 20368 (F); Serra do Mar, Porto do Cima, 200 m, 11 Jul 1914, Jönsson [ Dusén] 658a (GH, S); Piraquara, Purgatorio, 22 Dec 1981, Kummrow 1619 (MA); São José dos Pinhais, Serra dos Castelhanos, 22 Dec 1987, Silva & Hatschbach 451 (US); Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Gularte, 6 Nov 1892, Glaziou 14176 (G, K, LE, P); Alto Macahé, 8 Aug 1895, Glaziou 18407 (P); Organ Mount, Imbuby lane, Feb 1838, Miers s.n. (BM); Tejuco, Schott 5414 (LE); Serra dos Órgãos, 7 Jan 1883, Schwacke 4328 (GOET); Santa Catarina: Itajaí, Morro da Fazenda, 300 m, 25 Mar 1954, Klein 766 (US); Florianópolis, Tapera, Ribeirão, 150 m, 17 Dec 1968, Klein & Bresolin 8013 (US); Florianópolis, Lagoa de Peri, 5 m, 1 Apr 1970, Klein et al. 8662 (US); Itajaí, Morro da Ressacada, 350 m, 29 Mar 1956, Reitz & Klein 2922 (G, US); Sabía, Vidal Ramos, 750 m, 29 Jan 1958, Reitz & Klein 6343 (US); São Paulo: Pitagueiras, in regione basali montis Serra do Mar, 6 Oct 1912, Dusén 14210 (F, S); Ubatuba, 4 May 1892, Edwall 1816 (US); Cantareira, Horto Botanico, 26 Jul 1902, Hammar 5865 (US); Rio Preto, 5 Nov 1891, Loefgren 1685 (US); Santos, Sororocaba, 25 Dec 1874, Regnell 3029 (S).

Figures

Figure 22. Solanum boldoense Dunal & A. DC. (A-G drawn from Clark 10597 and J. Clark photographs taken in the field H drawn from Wright 381, NY). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.

Figure 69. Solanum odoriferum Vell. (A-E drawn from Hatschbach 20204 F-G drawn from Reitz & Klein 6343). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.

Figure 70. Distribution of Solanum odoriferum Vell.

Figure 71. Lectotype of Solanum odoriferum Vell. (Vellozo 1831: tab. 108) Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library.