Parnara kotoshona Sonan, 1936

Chiba, Hideyuki, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Tsukiyama, Hiroshi, Lo, Philip Yik-Fui, Chen, Chien-Ren & Wang, Shou-Ming, 2009, Jinhaku Sonan’s skipper type collection deposited at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), Zootaxa 2202, pp. 48-58 : 53

Parnara kotoshona Sonan, 1936

Zephyrus 6:214.

Labels: “ Parnara / kotoshona Sonan / DET. J. SONAN,” “ Kashoto/ 2 X 1923 / J. Sonan,” “ No. 61,” “ Type [in red].”

A male specimen was designated as the holotype by Sonan (1936), and the holotype was retrieved from TARI ( Fig. 22–24 ). Evans (1949) synonymized this taxon with Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey, 1853) . His treatment has been followed by all subsequent authors (e. g. Shirôzu 1960; Bridges 1983; Chiba & Eliot 1991; Chiba et al. 1992; Tsukiyama et al. 1997). The name kotoshona Sonan, 1936 is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey, 1853) in the present study.

An inconsistency in locality was found between the identification label and data label of the holotype. The collecting locality is given as “Kotosho” (= Lanyu) on the identification label whereas it is “Kashoto” (= Ludao) on the data label. Sonan (1936) gave “Kotosho” as the type locality in the original description of kotoshona . These two islands are separated by approximately 73 km, and P. guttata is more commonly found on Ludao than on Lanyu ( Yamanaka 1980). Sonan may have misread his own hand-writing on the data label when he decided to describe his specimens as a new species over 10 years after he collected the specimens. Consequently the true type locality of kotoshona perhaps should be Kashoto (Ludao), not Kotosho (Lanyu).

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 39. Types of skipper taxa described by Jinhaku Sonan: 19 – 21, paratype of Augiades bouddha niitakana, upperside, underside, labels; 22 – 24, holotype of Parnara kotoshona, upperside, underside, labels; 25 – 27, holotype of Parnara ranrunna, upperside, underside, labels; 28 – 30, holotype of Pamara kiraizana, upperside, underside, labels; 31 – 33, holotype of Gangara thyrsis hainana, upperside, underside, labels; 34 – 36, holotype of Telicota palmarum hainanum, upperside, upperside, labels; 37 – 39, holotype of Tagiades menaka hainana, upperside, underside, labels.