Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, 2015

Murányi, Dávid, Li, Weihai, Jeon, Mi Jeong, Hwang, Jeong Mi & Seo, Hong Yul, 2015, Korean species of the genus Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) *, Zootaxa 3918 (1), pp. 113-127 : 118-120

Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li , sp. n.

( Figs. 14–23 , 29–33 , 41 )

Diagnosis. General colour pale, head with two dark patches, ocelli set far from each other. Male terminalia with large posterior process on T7, apically narrow and erect mesal sclerite on T8, T9 unmodified, T10 hemitergal process long. Aedeagal tube with a triangular dorsobasal sclerite, and with two large ventroapical lobes that bear large spines posteriorly. Aedeagal sac long and covered with fine spinules up to the apex, with a small dorsoapical lobe and three fields of strong spines at the level of the lobe. Vagina large and with numerous folds, inner lateral folds form a Y-shaped dorsal pattern.

Type material. Holotype male: NORTH KOREA: Kangwon Province, Kosŏng-gun, Kumgang Mts, Onjongri, at light in mixed coniferous-locust tree forest by Hotel Go-song (locality No.322), 250 m a.s.l., N38°40’ E128°15’, 06.VIII.1975, leg. Jenő Papp, András Vojnits ( NIBR; terminalia and aedeagus cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial). Paratype females: same locality, collecting method and collectors, 05.VIII.1975 (No.319): 1♀ ( NIBR; eggs prepared for SEM, terminalia cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial), 1♀ ( HNHM: PLP4349; terminalia cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial); North Pyongan Province, Hyangsan-gun, Myohyang Mts, at light on the balcony and garden of Hotel Myohyang-san (locality No. 829), 150 m a.s.l., N40°00’ E126°15’, 18.VII.1982, leg. László Forró, László Ronkay: 1♀ ( NIBR; eggs prepared for SEM, terminalia cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial); North Pyongan Province, Hyangsan-gun, Myohyang Mts, Hotel Myohyang-san, 150 m a.s.l., N40°00’ E126°15’, 12.VIII.1989, leg. Lajos Berczi: 1♀ ( NIBR; eggs prepared for SEM, terminalia cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial); North Pyongan Province, Hyangsan-gun, Myohyang Mts, N40° E126°, 17–20.VIII.1989, leg. Konstantin Dobolyi, György Szollát: 1♀ ( NIBR; eggs prepared for SEM, terminalia cleared in KOH and stored in the same vial).

Description. Medium sized species. Macropterous, forewing length of holotype male: 11.0 mm; paratype females: 14.5–15.0 mm. General colour pale. Setation generally consists of soft hairs, strong setae are on ventral keels of femora and ventral surface of cercal segments. Head yellowish, with a triangular, dark brown patch between the ocelli and a smaller one anterior to the M-line ( Fig. 18 ). Tentorial callosities and M-line indistinct; a wrinkle is located between M-line and the lateral margins. Both eyes and ocelli are large and black, distance between ocelli about as wide as diameter of one ocellus. Antenna and palpi not much darker than head. Pronotum square, anterior edges distinctly angled; narrower than head with eyes; ground colour yellow, with a longitudinal brown stripe medially and dark transverse anterior and posterior lines; rugosities large but obscure. Meso- and metanotum brownish. Legs pale, knees and tarsi darker; tibiae slightly dilated. Wings hyaline, costa yellow, other veins brown.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 19–20 ): Sterna simple, S9 broadly truncate. Terga 2–6 simple, with entire antecosta. Posterior process of T7 as wide as half of the segment’s width, with a well separated rectangular patch that bears sensilla basiconica mixed with thin hairs, and a posterior, bold and well sclerotized arch. Tergum 8 with an erect, slightly backcurved mesal sclerite that bears a row of sensilla basiconica on its antero-apical keel; base of the sclerite is wide, the erect apex is about one seventh of segment’s width. Tergum 9 with medially interrupted antecosta, otherwise unmodified. Hemiterga of tergum 10 bent in dorsal, not raised in lateral view; hemitergal lobe with a ventral patch of sensilla basiconica meso-posteriorly. Hemitergal process long, points backwards and inwards, basally curved in dorsal view, tip downcurved in lateral view.

Aedeagus ( Figs. 21–23 ): The aedeagal tube is plump, with a triangular dorsobasal sclerite, a ventrobasal hump and two large, spherical ventroapical lobes. Dorsal and dorsolateral surface of the lobes covered with fine spinules, less dense spinules forming a triangular patch posterior to the bald ventrobasal hump. The ventroapical lobes are touching each other ventrally, and bear large spines on their posterior surface, while anteriorly without spines. The everted aedeagal sac is straight, nearly 2× as long as the tube and bears a small, hemispherical lobe dorsoapically. Sac is covered throughout with fine spinules up to the apex, while two lateral, and a ventral field of strong spines occur at the level of the dorsoapical lobe. The separated, slightly downcurved apex of the sac without spines.

Female terminalia ( Figs 14–17 ): Sterna and terga simple, posterior edge of S8 forms a small, triangular subgenital plate. Vagina large, longer than wide and with many membranous folds. Inner sclerite large with two papillate lobes dorsally to anterior folds, basal portion forked. The inner pair of lateral folds bear a dark, well sclerotized crest that forms a Y-shaped pattern, with its posterior end covered by the apical, rather undulant posterior folds. Spermatheca small, its origin covered by the protruding lateral folds in dorsal view.

Egg ( Figs 29–33 ): Chorion dark brown, 0.38–0.44 mm long and 0.18–0.26 mm wide (N=25). Barrel shaped, cross section round. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles placed in a transverse row closer to the opercular end, each located between striae. Collar sessile without distinct flange, surrounded by two to four rows of regular FCIs that have fine inner punctations; anchor not studied. Chorion covered with striae in groupings of four; outer striae of each group thickened and raised at both collar and lid end, but raised striae more conspicuous near collar. Striae set closely without sulci between them. Lid bears one or two distinct rows of FCIs at junction of striae, apical part covered with less distinct FCIs with fine inner punctations.

Larva: unknown.

Affinities. This is a member of the montivaga group, lushana subgroup as recognized by Zwick & Sivec (1980), and closely related to certain Chinese and Japanese species. Among the Japanese species, it is the more similar to N. geniculata ( Pictet, 1841) , and to N. xuansongae Li & Li, 2013 (in Li et al. 2013) among species described from China. These species can be easily distinguished by aedeagal characters: N. goguryeo bears a dorsoapical lobe that is surrounded by two lateral and one dorsal field of strong spines, while the lobe is lacking on N. xuansongae and strong spines are lacking on N. geniculata aedeagus. Development of the vagina is typical for the lushana subgroup, can be distinguished from those of the known females by the large, Y-shaped pattern formed by the inner pair of lateral folds. Egg is of a usual Neoperla type, hardly distinguishable from several other species. The habitus, coloration and male terminalia of the new species are similar to many other Palaearctic Neoperla . Habitus differences from the coexisting N. adamantea as discussed above. The sympatric N. coreensis has a more darkly marked head and pronotal pattern.

Distribution and ecology. The species was collected at light in the lower regions of the Kumgang and Myohyang Mountains ( Fig. 41 ). The Kumgang Mountains form the northern part of the Thebaek Ranges, while the Myohyang Mountains form the western chains of the Changbai (Baekdu) Ranges that separate the Korean Peninsula from the Asian continent. In the Kumgang Mountains the species co-occurs with N. adamantea , while it was collected together with N. coreensis in the Myohyang Mountains. Other large perlids like Paragnetina flavotincta ( McLachlan, 1872) also frequently occurred with N. goguryeo at the light traps. This species seems to occur in large streams and small rivers.

Etymology. The name goguryeo refers to Goguryeo or Koguryo, one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, which existed from 37 BC to 668 AD ( Csoma 2013). The known distribution of the species delimits the center of this ancient kingdom. Used as a noun, gender neutral.

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 17. Females of Korean Neoperla Needham, 1905 — 10, 12, 14, 16: vagina, dorsal view; 11, 13, 15, 17: vagina, lateral view— 10 – 11: Neoperla adamantea Murányi & Li, sp. n., North Korea, Kangwon Province, Kumgang Mts; 12 – 13: Neoperla coreensis Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham, 1994, North Korea, North Pyongan Province, Myohyang Mts; 14 – 15: Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, sp. n., North Korea, Kangwon Province, Kumgang Mts; 16 – 17: Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, sp. n., North Korea, North Pyongan Province, Myohyang Mts—scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 23. Holotype male of Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, sp. n.; North Korea, Kangwon Province, Kumgang Mts — 18: head and pronotum, dorsal view; 19: terminalia, dorsal view; 20: terminalia, lateral view; 21: aedeagus, lateral view; 22: aedeagus, ventral view; 23: aedeagus, dorsal view—scales 1 mm.

FIGURES 24 – 33. Eggs of Korean Neoperla Needham, 1905 — 24, 29 – 30: egg, lateral view; 25, 32: micropyle, lateral view; 26: collar, caudal view; 27: lid, caudal view; 28: collar, oblique view; 31: lid, lateral view; 33: collar, lateral view— 24 – 28: Neoperla coreensis Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham, 1994, North Korea, North Pyongan Province, Myohyang Mts; 29, 31 – 33: Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, sp. n., North Korea, Kangwon Province, Kumgang Mts; 30: Neoperla goguryeo Murányi & Li, sp. n., North Korea, North Pyongan Province, Myohyang Mts—scales 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 41 – 42. Distribution of the Neoperla Needham, 1905 species known from Korea — 41: known occurrences in North and South Korea; 42: known range of N. quadrata Wu & Claassen, 1934 and N. ussurica Sivec & Zhiltzova, 1996.