Canarium elegans Daly, Raharim. & Federman, 2015

Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 277-345 : 302-304

Canarium elegans Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov.

( Figs 10 ; 12 D-H).

Small to medium-sized trees, petiole and rachis with sparse to scattered hairs and capitate glands, leaves 1-3-jugate, lateral leaflet base consistently acute, fruits (ob)ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, lenticellate; distinguished from C. manongarivum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by the terminal leaflet obovate or less often elliptic (vs consistently elliptic in C. manongarivum , sp. nov.), secondary vein angle usually slightly increasing toward apex and decreasing toward base (vs angle acute and uniform), and the fruit 3.2-5.2 × 2.2-2.6 cm (vs 2.8-2.9 × 1.8-2.1 cm).

TYPUS. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Masoala Peninsula, W of Ambohitralanana, forest near Sahafary , 75 m elev., 15°16’S, 50°22’E, 19.VII.1997, G. McPherson 17118 (holo-, NY!; iso-, G, MO, TAN) .

PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Sava, Parc National Masoala, km 21 Sahamalaza-Vakoanina , 0-113 m, 15°48’S, 50°18’E, 15-16.II.1996, J. Aridy & Moise 141 ( MO, NY, P, TEF) ; Masoala Peninsula , S of Ambanizana, 110-260 m, 15°40’24”S, 49°57’51”E, 24.XI.1994, N. Vasey & N. Velo 122 ( MO, NY) . Toamasina, Analanjirofo, Ambanizana, Parc National Masoala, Tampolo , 25 m, 15°42’43”S, 49°57’48”E, 16.I. 2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona, J. Razanatsoa, J. Aridy & Senario 12963 ( NY, TEF) , 12965 (NY, TEF); Parc National Marojejy , 850 m, 14°26’07.8”S, 49°46’19.2”E, 27.I.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona, J. Razanatsoa & D. Ravelonarivo 13024 ( NY, TEF) ; Analanjirofo, Ambanizana, Tampolo , 200-400 m, 15°44’12”S, 49°57’24”E, 12.X.2001, R. Randrianaivo 668 ( NY) .

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium elegans , sp. nov. is known from NE Madagascar, from Masoala National Park to Marojejy National Park. It is a relatively small tree found in dense lowland forest, sublittoral forest, or wet forest on steep slopes, between 0-400 (850) m elevation. Flowering Jan., fruiting (Feb.) July-Oct.

COMMON NAME. — Aramitsitsy.

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the rather delicate, attractive foliage.

DESCRIPTION

Trees, reproductive size 12-18 (30) m, to 45 cm diam.Branched plank buttresses to 1.5 m high and extending to 4 m from base. Outer bark gray, thin, pitted, with sparse raised lenticels, shed in small thin irregular plates; inner bark orange with thin red striations. Resin clear or translucent. Leaves 14-31 cm long, 1-3-jugate; petiole 3.4-8 cm long, petiole and rachis with scattered capitate glands; stipules (3) 7-20 (24) mm from leaf insertion, 2-3 mm long, obovate with clawed base, chartaceous or more often coriaceous, with dense to sparse thick hairs to 0.05 mm long, stipule scar to 1 mm long; basal petiolules 4-12 mm long, other laterals 6-17 mm long, terminal one (16) 20-50 mm long, petiolules deeply canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli distal and conspicuous, terminal pulvinulus long and conspicuous; basal leaflets 2.5-8.5 × 1.5-4 cm, slightly (ob)ovate, rarely subrotund, other laterals 3.2-11 × 1.6-4.4 cm, elliptic or less often oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, terminal one 5-9 × 2.5-3.8 cm, obovate or less often elliptic; leaflet apex usually abruptly and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-5 mm long, the laterals with base symmetric, acute and attenuate, rarely obtuse; margin flat; leaflets drying brown, coriaceous to chartaceous, dull; secondary vein framework brochidodromous but looping near the margin, secondaries in 7-11 pairs, spreading, insertion excurrent or slightly decurrent, spacing often slightly irregular but decreasing toward apex, angle usually slightly increasing toward apex and decreasing toward base, intercostal tertiaries alternate percurrent and irregular-reticulate, perpendicular epimedial tertiaries usually 1 per pair of secondaries, quaternaries irregular-reticulate; on abaxial surface the midvein broadly prominent, secondaries prominulous but usually sunk in a groove, rest prominulous, surface glabrous; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, secondaries same or flat or impressed, rest of venation flat or broadly prominulous, surface glabrous. Staminate inflorescences terminal, c. 4.9 cm long × 2.3 mm diam (with buds), the axes with scattered to sparse appressed thick golden hairs to 0.1 mm long, also dense to sparse capitate glands; bracts 3.3-4.6 mm long, subulate to lanceolate. On staminate buds the calyx 3.2 × 2.25 mm overall, the lobes 1.25 mm long, ovate, calyx with dense to sparse or scattered flexuous golden hairs to 0.1 mm long, also capitate glands; corolla with dense retrorse-appressed to flexuous paler golden hairs to 0.25 mm long. Infructescences 2.5-9.5 cm long, unbranched or sparsely so, secondary axes 0-2 cm long, fruiting pedicel 4-10 × 2.8-3.1 mm, cylindrical, fruiting calyx 3-5 mm long overall, the lobes distinct, 1-2 mm long, patent to spreading. Fruits (immature) 3.2-3.8 × 2.2-2.6 cm (Masoala collections) or 4.5-5.2 × 1.7-2.3 cm (Marojejy collections), (ob)ovoid (Masoala) or oblong-ellipsoid (Marojejy), green or whitish, maturing brown, apex rounded to subacute, base obtuse, surface with usually dense, somewhat raised, ferrugineous lenticels.

NOTES

Like C. indistinctum , sp. nov., C. elegans , sp. nov. has 1-3-jugate leaves, the petiole and rachis with only sparse to scattered hairs, stipules 2-3 mm long, the stipular scar 1-1.5 mm long, lateral leaflet base usually symmetric, and similar leaflet venation and vein prominence. The latter can be distinguished by the stipules 8-24 (vs 4-8 in C. indistinctum , sp. nov.) mm from petiole insertion, the lateral leaflets elliptic or less often oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate (vs ovate to slightly oblong-ovate), the fruit pedicel 4-10 mm long (vs 3-4 mm), and the fruit 3.2-5.2 × 1.7-2.6 cm (vs 2.8-3.5 × 1.7-1.9 cm) and (ob)ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid (vs (oblong-) obovoid and trigonous).

Like C. manongarivum , sp. nov., C. elegans , sp. nov. has the petiole and rachis with only sparse to scattered hairs, the lateral leaflet base consistently acute, the lateral petiolules 2.5- 17 mm long, the leaflets dull, and the fruit with the surface dull, rough, and lenticellate. The latter can be distinguished by the terminal leaflet obovate or less often elliptic (vs consistently elliptic in C. manongarivum , sp. nov.), secondary vein angle usually slightly increasing toward apex and decreasing toward base (vs angle acute and uniform), adaxial leaflet surface not punctate (vs black-punctate), and the fruit 3.2-5.2 × 2.2-2.6 cm (vs 2.8-2.9 × 1.8-2.1 cm).

Figures

FIG. 10.— Distributions of Canarium elegans Daly,Raharim.& Federman,sp.nov. and C. scholasticum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.

FIG. 12. — A-C, Canarium findens Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, branchlet with detail of stipular scars (A’); B, apex with stipules; C, detail of leaflet margin; D-H, Canarium elegans Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: D, portion of infructescence; E, branchlet with detail of leaflet margin (E’’) and of stipules (E’); F, bud with bracteole; G, leaf with detail of petiole base and stipules (G’); H, portion of infructescence; I, fruit and longisection (left); A-C, Daly et al. 13033 (NY); D, Miller & Lowry 3956 (NY); E, F, Daly et al. 13024 (NY); G, Daly et al. 12963 (NY); H, from Vasey & Velo 122 (MO); I, McPherson 17118 (NY). Scale bars: A, D, E, G-I, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C, 1 cm; A’, E’, G’[, not to scale.