Antikuna urayrumi Ferretti, Kaderka & West, 2021

Kaderka, Radan, Ferretti, Nelson, Hüsser, Martin, Lüddecke, Tim & West, Rick, 2021, Antikuna, a new genus with seven new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) and the highest altitude record for the family, Journal of Natural History 55 (21 - 22), pp. 1335-1402 : 1370-1373

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2021.1936680
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/897CFC2A-FFE9-FFDC-FED3-FE71FE0436F4
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Antikuna urayrumi Ferretti, Kaderka & West
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Antikuna urayrumi Ferretti, Kaderka & West View in CoL , sp. nov.

( Figures 27–34 View Figure 27 View Figure 28 View Figure 29 View Figure 30 View Figure 31 View Figure 32 View Figure 33 View Figure 34 and 49 View Figure 49 , Tables 7 and 8)

Types: Male holotype ( MUSM ENT 0511875 ) from Peru, Junín, Tarma , 4,202 m a .s .l., 14 October 2017, M . Valladares col ., female paratype ( MUSM ENT 0514019 ), the same data as in the holotype .

Etymology: The specific epithet is taken from the Quechua language, ‘uray’ meaning ‘under’ or ‘underneath’ and ‘rumi’ meaning ‘rock’ or ‘stone’.

Diagnosis: Males differ from all other congeners in having light brown legs with dark brown femora ( Figure 27 View Figure 27 (a)), prolateral accessory keel on tegulum of palpal bulb ( Figures 31 View Figure 31 (c) and 32) and in bipartite tegular protuberance (a deep depression divides the protuberance in two parts), except from A. majkusi sp. nov., from which it differs in the more globose tegulum and curved embolus ( Figure 31 View Figure 31 ). Also, males are distinguished by the prolateral cymbial lobe with an apical group of long spiniform setae ( Figure 30 View Figure 30 (a)). Females differ from all other congeners in the shape of the spermathecae ( Figure 34 View Figure 34 ).

Distribution and natural history ( Figures 28 View Figure 28 and 49 View Figure 49 ): Antikuna urayrumi sp. nov. is known only from the type locality at about 4.5 km NW of Cochas Alto, Tarma District, Tarma Province, Junin Region, Peru, at an elevation of 4,175 m a.s.l. Males reared in a captivity matured in April 2018, which coincides with the end of the rainy season that runs since October until April. The temperature is the lowest in the winter month of July with an average temperature of 10°C, dropping at night to a low of 1°C, and the highest in the summer month of November with the average temperature 13°C, dropping at night to 5°C. The driest month is June with 5 mm of precipitation and the wettest month is March with 83 mm of precipitation. Female specimens were found on the slopes of open Andean Puna in either self-made retreats or in abandoned rodent burrows found directly underneath various-sized angular rocks lying on the surface of the ground and ranged 20– 25 cm in length, some angling down into the soil, ending in a blind chamber. The burrow does not have a silk exterior entrance but the interior of the burrow has a light silk lining. The remains found in burrows indicated the diet consisted of a variety of small beetles and cockroaches. It was common to find specimens of different life stages living under the same rock in individual burrows. The surface vegetation consisted mainly of montane bunchgrasses (Puna) and sparsely scattered low shrubs. Freely grazing sheep and agricultural plots occur throughout the habitat area (M. Valladares, pers. comm.).

MALE (MUSM ENT 0511875) ( Figures 27 View Figure 27 (a) and 29 – 32): Total length: 25.06, carapace length 10.07, width 9.82, chelicerae with 11 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: VV-VVVVVVVVv, 1 small and 10 big teeth. Left side: V-V-VVVVVVVv, 1 small and 10 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 29 View Figure 29 (c)): AME 0.23 (circular), ALE 0.39 (oval), PME 0.18 (oval), PLE 0.44 (oval), AME-AME 0.23, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.71, PME- PLE 0.15, ALE-PLE 0.16, AME-PME 0.13, OQ length 0.84, width 1.5. Ocular tubercle length 1.09, width 1.52, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, deep, width 1.58, 6.43 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.31, width 1.66, anterior third with 8 cuspules, maxillae with 146–151 cuspules in basal half and with short spiniform seae in apical half. Sternum length 4.13, width 4.73, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.34, 0.38 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.17, 0.14 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.12, 0.23 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: I>IV>II>III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 100%, metatarsi II 100%, metatarsi III 50%, metatarsi IV 30% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I and II undivided, tarsal scopulae III and IV divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two straight longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria. Denticulation pattern of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 1/ 1, II 2/2, III 2/2, IV 4/5. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I d 0-1-2, II 0, III p 0-1-1, d 1-0-0, IV r 0-0-1, d 4-2-0 and femora of palps p 0-0-1; patellae I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-0-2 (apical), III r 1-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 1-2-3, p 1-1-1, r 1-0-1, II v 2-2-3 (apical), p 2-1-2, r 0-1-1, III v 3-2-3 (apical), p 2-2-3 (apical), r 0-1-1, IV v 2-3-3 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-2-1 and tibiae of palps p 0-1-2; metatarsi I v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, II v 1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 1-0-1, III v 3-2-2-7 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 2-2-3-2-4 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-2 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Palpal organ as in Figures 31 View Figure 31 and 32 View Figure 32 , embolus short and tapering, retrolaterally curved, carrying four keels, PS, PAc, PI, A and SA keel. PS keel is subparallel with PI keel, PI keel terminates in a well-developed semioval apical lobe. Except of this lobe, PS and PI keel are more developed in their basal halves reaching the tegulum. PAc is located on tegulum between basal ends of PS and PI keel. A keel is slightly developed. SA keel is welldeveloped and terminates in a pointed tooth. Tegulum with a short granulated apophysis (protuberance), projecting anteriorly, with a deep depression dividing the apophysis in two parts. Sperm pore is located between PI and A keel. Prolateral cymbial lobe with apical group of long spiniform setae ( Figure 30 View Figure 30 (a)), retrolateral lobe without short spiniform setae. Prolateral cymbial lobe is distinctly larger than retrolateral one. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia without subapical process and without a field of short spiniform setae ( Figure 30 View Figure 30 (b)). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 30 View Figure 30 (c)): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with a spatulate apex without spines, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with a single, retrolateral spine, shorter than the length of prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I slightly curved on base and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts both tibial apophysis.

Abdomen ( Figure 29 View Figure 29 (d)): urticating setae of type III are located in central patch. Size of the patch: length 4.95, width 5.36. PLS: length 3.70, basal segment 1.63, middle segment 0.88, apical segment 1.19, all digitiform. PMS: 1.04.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figure 27 View Figure 27 (a)): carapace, chelicerae, coxae and trochantera covered with bronze pubescence. Femora of legs and palps black, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs white, patella, tibia and tarsus of palp white. Longitudinal stripes of patella inconspicuous. Abdomen black covered with long orange setae and patch of red setae on anterior face near pedicel. Ventral view: labium, sternum and maxillae reddish brown, legs dark brown; abdomen light brown on epigastric area and black below epigastric furrow. Spinnerets black.

FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0514019) ( Figures 27 View Figure 27 (b) and 33 – 34): Total length: 29.35, carapace length 12.24, width 10.54, chelicerae with 12–13 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vv-V-VVVVVVVVVV, 2 small teeth, 11 big teeth. Left side: v-VVVVVVVVVVV, 1 small tooth, 11 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 33 View Figure 33 (c)): AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.32 (oval), PME 0.24 (oval), PLE 0.41 (oval), AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.79, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.29, AME-PME 0.09, OQ length 0.98, width 1.66. Ocular tubercle: length 1.36, width 1.68, clypeus very narrow. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 2.32, 8.15 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.42, width 2.15, anterior third with 6 cuspules, maxillae with 138 – 141 cuspules in basal half and short spiniform setae in apical half. Sternum length 5.37, width 5.39, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.47, 0.58 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.33, 0.36 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.08, 0.12 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV>I> II>III. All leg segments uniform.

Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I and II 100%, metatarsi III 70%, metatarsi IV 30% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I and II undivided, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by a longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two straight longitudinal rows of claviform trichobothria. Denticulation pattern of paired tarsal claws on left leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 0/1, II 1/2, III 2/0, IV 3/2. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent.

Spination: femora I p 0-0-1, II p 1-0-1, III p 0-1-0, IV 0 and femora of palps p 0-0-1, patellae I, II and III 0, IV p 0-1-0, patellae of palps 0, tibiae I v 1-1-3 (apical), II v 1-2-2 (apical), p 1-0-1, III v 1-1-2 (apical), p 1-1-2 (apical), r 1-0-0, IV v 1-1-2 (apical), r 1-1-0 and tibiae of palps v 2-1-3 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, metatarsi I v 1-1-3, p 0-0-1 II v 1-1-4 (apical), III v 1-2-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-3-1-4 (apical), r 0-0-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.

Spermathecae ( Figure 34 View Figure 34 ): two separated seminal receptacles with distinct granulation and sclerotised basal extension. Each receptacle with apical portion domed and pointing inwards and basal portion wider than apical.

Abdomen ( Figure 33 View Figure 33 (d)): urticating setae of type III are located in circular posterior patch. PLS: length 4.34, basal segment 1.87, middle segment 1.01, apical segment 1.46, all digitiform. PMS: 1.25.

Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figure 27 View Figure 27 (b)): carapace brown with lighter margins, darker on cephalic area, coxae and trochantera light brown, chelicerae light grey, femora dark, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown with whitish pubescence, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two unequal parallel longitudinal stripes covering with pale setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Abdomen ( Figure 29 View Figure 29 (d)) covered with short and long light brown setae, circular posterior patch consisted of urticating setae orange, a small number of short red setae on proximal abdomen. Length of posterior patch: 4.33, width 4.54. Ventral view: labium and maxillae reddish-brown, sternum, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Spinnerets dark.