Anastrepha fuscoalata Norrbom, 2021

Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, Zootaxa 5044 (1), pp. 1-74 : 17-20

Anastrepha fuscoalata Norrbom , new species

Figs. 7 , 40–42 , 82–83 , 103 , 127 , 153–154

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F6681E73-5773-4A8C-8080-80D5201384EA

Anastrepha hendeliana: Vayssières et al. 2013: 239 [misidentification]

Diagnosis. Anastrepha fuscoalata can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: body predominantly orange, without unusual brown markings, subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange; wing pattern extensively dark brown, including part of S-band bordering crossvein r-m; C-band with orange area extending into cells r 1 and r 2+3 posterior to pterostigma; V-band complete (distal arm present and connected to proximal arm) and connected to S-band; aculeus 3.52–4.58 mm long, with tip distinctly serrate on distal 0.50–0.57. It resembles other species of the caudata group in wing pattern and terminalia, but differs from A. caudata Stone and A. hendeliana Lima, as well as A. tenebrosa Norrbom which is also similar in wing pattern, in having an orange area in the C-band extending almost to the end of the band in cells r 1 and r 2+3 posterior to the pterostigma, and the aculeus tip is less serrate than in A. caudata and A. hendeliana , but more serrate than in A. tenebrosa , which has a nonserrate tip. The wing pattern is most similar to that of A. brunnealata Norrbom & Caraballo , but the terminalia are shorter (aculeus 3.52–4.58 mm long vs. 4.86–5.15 mm in A. brunnealata ), and the aculeus tip is much less serrate. Additionally, in A. brunnealata the V-band usually is not connected to the S-band anteriorly.

In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) A. fuscoalata runs to A. isolata Norrbom & Korytkowski , from which it differs in lacking an extension from the S-band in cell m 4 and having much longer terminalia, or to A. hendeliana .

Six sequences of A. fuscoalata , from two adult specimens from Berg en Dal ( MT672189 – MT672190 ), two from Brownsberg ( MT672191 , MT672193 ), and one from Coebitie ( MT672192 ), Suriname, and one from Mitaraka, French Guiana ( MT672188 ), were included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). There were four unique sequences. The six sequences of A. fuscoalata formed a separate cluster (i.e., with a COI barcode gap), with a range in intraspecific K2P distance of 0.0–0.6%. The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 5.5% with A. brunnealata .

Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae dark red brown to black.

Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–5 frontal setae; usually 2 orbital setae (1 in 1 Suriname female, USNMENT01526223), posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, 1–2 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight or concave on dorsal two-thirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose.

Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange to dark orange; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; medial scutal vitta, ovoid posteriorly, extending laterally to or slightly beyond acrostichal seta; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum except extreme base; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite; without brown markings except often with medial brown spot on scuto-scutellar suture. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely dark orange. Mesonotum 3.07–4.11 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae orange or brownish medially, brownish at least lateral to dorsocentral line, evenly distributed sublaterally. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak to moderately developed, orange to medium brown, at most half length of anepisternal seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow to orange.

Wing ( Figs. 40–42 ): Length 7.22–9.90 mm, width 2.91–4.03 mm, ratio 2.37–2.53. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.55–0.57 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 1.11–1.21 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.48–4.29 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.66–0.70 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 0.84–0.95 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 0.76–0.81 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe relatively long, length of cu a 1.63–1.71 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.69–0.87 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly brown. C-band pale brown in cells bc and c, often subhyaline posteriorly in cell c, dark brown in most of pterostigma, mostly orange in cells r 1 and r 2+3 with distal margin broadly dark brown, in cell r 2+3 also with dark brown spots or entire margin brown posteriorly, in cell br mostly dark brown, usually with medial orange area in section anterior to cell bm. C-band and S-band broadly connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline marginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular, with apex slightly proximal to or aligned with anterior end of crossvein r-m. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band broad, pale brown to orange brown in most of cell cu a except apical half of lobe, in anterior quarter to third of band in cell m 4, in cell dm except broadly posteriorly and distally, and central part in cells r 1 and r 2+3, mostly dark brown in cells br and r 4+5, with a narrow pale area posteriorly in cell br; posterodistal margin without incision in cell m 4; distal section mostly pale brown, darker brown on posterior margin and in cell r 4+5, relatively broad, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.62–0.75 times width of cell r 2+3, but not extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline spots; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3 or rarely into cell r 1 (1 Pará male, 2 Berg en Dal females). V-band with proximal arm broad, mostly brown except most of part in cell r 4+5 except proximal and and sometimes distal margin and narrowly bordering most of crossvein dm-m pale brown to orange brown; broadly connected to S-band along vein R 4+5, often also connected to S-band in cell dm, hyaline area between bands at least narrowed; on posterior margin extended three-fourths to four-fifths distance to apex of vein CuA+CuP; distal arm brown except anteriorly, connected to proximal arm; hyaline area between arms of V-band and vein M 1 distinct, one-eighth to three-fourths width of cell r 4+5.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 3.90–4.81 mm long, 1.08–1.24 times as long as mesonotum; orange basally, with distal two-thirds to four-fifths brown dorsally; spiracle at basal 0.28–0.32. Eversible membrane ( Figs. 82–83 ) with dorsobasal denticles in subtriangular pattern, with 20–25 hooklike denticles in 3–4 V-shaped rows, submedial row larger than others. Aculeus ( Fig. 103 ) in lateral view ventrally curved, 3.52–4.58 mm long, 0.90–1.00 times oviscape length; in ventral view base slightly expanded, 0.22–0.28 mm wide, shaft 0.13–0.16 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Fig. 127 ) 0.30–0.34 mm long, 0.07–0.08 times aculeus length, 0.12–0.13 mm wide, 2.46–2.62 times as long as wide; in ventral view tapering, then very slightly expanded, distal 0.50–0.57 triangular, distinctly serrate; 0.08–0.09 mm wide in lateral view, 0.62–0.69 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 153–154 ): Epandrium slightly shorter than high in lateral view, in posterior view with posterodorsal margin without medial V-shaped indentation. Lateral surstylus relatively long, extended beyond prensisetae by 2.43–3.00 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view elongate triangular, apical half slender, posteriorly curved; in posterior view elongate triangular, apex slightly acute, medial margin concave, lateral margin convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas separated. Phallus 5.06–6.17 mm long, 1.45–1.67 (1 specimen 1.92, aberrant?) times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.60–0.70 mm long.

Distribution. Anastrepha fuscoalata is known from Brazil (Pará), French Guiana, and Suriname. In Suriname it was collected at Berg en Dal, Brownsberg, and Coebitie.

Biology. One specimen was reared from fruit of Trymatococcus oligandrus (Benoist) Lanj. (Moraceae) at Berg en Dal. This is the first known host plant for a species of the caudata group.

Type data. Holotype ♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526225 ), SURINAME: Brokopondo: Berg en Dal, Bergendal Resort , [low patch of forest, below cabins, 5.14637°N 55.07037°W, 10 m,] trap BD-ML-05, [10–] 23 Oct 2018, A. Muller . Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Oriximiná, Porto Trombetas , REBIO-Rio Trombetas , Tabuleiro base, 1°21.763’S 56°50.782’W, 65 m, multilure traps, 24 Nov–18 Dec 2018, M. Savaris & S. Lampert, 1♂ ( DZUP DZUP460183 ) 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526556 ) ; REBIO-Rio Trombetas, Tabuleiro base, 1°21.889’S 56°51.012’W, 54 m, multilure trap RB-ML-04, 1–14 Jan 2020, M. Savaris, A. L. Norrbom & S. Lampert, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556491 ) ; same, 15–22 Jan 2020, 1♂ 1♀ ( MELQ) 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556495–97 ) ; REBIO-Rio Trombetas , Tabulei- ro base, 1°21.798’S 56°50.957’W, 69 m, multilure trap RB-ML-05, 11–25 Feb 2020, M. Savaris, A. L. Norrbom & S. Lampert, 1♂ ( MELQ USNMENT01556552 ) ; REBIO-Rio Trombetas, Tabuleiro base, 1°21.728’S 56°50.794’W, 74 m, multilure trap RB-ML-09, 11–25 Feb 2020, M. Savaris, A. L. Norrbom & S. Lampert, 1♀ ( MELQ US- NMENT01556513 ) . FRENCH GUIANA: Saint-Laurent du Maroni: Maripasoula, Mitaraka , savane roche 2, 2°13’59.8”N 54°27’46.5”W, 471 m, 6m Malaise, 13–20 Aug 2015, P.-H. Dalens MITARAKA/230, 1♂ ( MNHNP USNMENT00875222 ) . SURINAME: Brokopondo: Berg en Dal, Bergendal Resort , 5.14715°N 55.06988°W, 65 m, trap BD-ML-31, 24 Oct–6 Nov 2018, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526235 ) ; same, 21 Nov–5 Dec 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526236 ) ; same, 6–19 Dec 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526565 ) ; Bergendal Resort , exit road, hilltop with curve, 5.14897°N 55.07693°W, 43 m, trap BD-ML-13, 16–30 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00875196 ) ; same, 15–28 Mar 2018, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526228–29 ) ; same, 10–23 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Bergendal Resort , exit road, hilltop, 5.14908°N 55.07515°W, 29 m, trap BD- ML-12, 25 Feb–2 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526560 ) ; same, 22–27 Apr 2016, 1♂ ( FSCA) ; Bergendal Resort , forested area between roads, 5.14808°N 55.06905°W, 13 m, trap BD-ML-27, 24 Jun–7 Jul 2017, A. Muller, 1♀ ( CDFA) ; same, 14–27 Oct 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526562 ) ; same, 28 Oct–8 Nov 2017, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 9–23 Nov 2017, 1♀ ( MAAHF) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526559 ) ; same, 27 Sep–9 Oct 2018, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 10–23 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526234 ) ; Bergendal Resort , golden trail, 5.1456°N 55.0708°W, 76 m, emerged 25 Mar 2019 reared from fruit of Trymatococcus oligandrus collected 19 Feb 2019, A. Muller F21885, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526232 ) ; Bergendal Resort , in front of cabin C-8, 5.14744°N 55.06822°W, 4 m, trap BD-ML-22, 12–25 May 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526564 ) ; same, 26 Sep–9 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526230 ) ; same, 17–30 Jan 2019, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526231 ) ; Bergendal Resort , low patch of forest, below cabins, 5.14637°N 55.07037°W, 10 m, trap BD-ML-05, 25 Feb–2 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; same, 2–16 Mar 2016, 1♀ ( FSCA) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526563 ) ; same, 28 Apr–12 May 2016, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; same, 13–26 Sep 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526213 ) ; same, 27 Sep–9 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 10–23 Oct 2018, 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526223–24 ) ; Bergendal Resort , road on bottom of hill, 5.14914°N 55.06667°W, 21 m, trap BD-ML-03, 24–30 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT00875198 ) ; same, 17–30 Jan 2019, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526214 ) ; same, 24 May–6 Jun 2019, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01527084 ) ; same, 11-24 Oct 2019, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01556942 ) ; Bergendal Resort , road on bottom of hill, next to cabin C-45, 5.14597°N 55.06877°W, 6 m, trap BD-ML-04, 25 Feb–2 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 2♂ ( FSCA) ; same, 2–16 Mar 2016, 1♀ ( CDFA) 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 20 Jan–2 Feb 2018, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 14 Apr–2 May 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526241 ) ; same, 3–16 May 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526227 ) ; same, 26 Sep–9 Oct 2018, 2♂ ( NZCS) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526233 ) ; same, 6–19 Dec 2018, 1♀ ( USNM US- NMENT01526238 ) ; same, 17–30 Jan 2019, 1♀ ( NZCS) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526240 ) ; same, 31 Jan–12 Feb 2019, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 5–17 Apr 2019, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 24 Apr–9 May 2019, 1♀ ( MAAHF) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526239 ) ; same, 10–23 May 2019, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526226 ) ; same, 26 Jun–9 Jul 2019, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556943 ) ; Bergendal Resort , riverside trail, N side of reception, 5 m inside forest, 5.15152°N 55.06924°W, 6 m, trap BD-ML-01, 31 Jan–12 Feb 2019, A. Muller, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; Bergendal Resort , trail along river, next to head of canopy tour, 5.14371°N 55.06777°W, 32 m, trap BD-ML-17, 15–28 Mar 2018, A. Muller, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526242 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park , 4°56’23.937”N 55°10’18.855”W, trap BNP-ML-45, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 20 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00875197 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556884 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Leo Val trail, 4.95284°N 55.18799°W, 319 m, trap BNP-ML-28, 31 Oct–20 Dec 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Witti Creek trail, 4.94146°N 55.17288°W, 287 m, trap BNP-ML-43, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875200 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94084°N 55.17246°W, 295 m, trap BNP-ML-44, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355876 ) ; Witti Creek trail, next to mark 1.1 km, 4.94265°N 55.17566°W, 340 m, trap BNP-ML-41, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526561 ) , same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355872 ) ; Witti Creek trail, at detour, 4.94293°N 55.17639°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-13, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875199 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355856–57 ) . Para: Coebitie area, road to Witagron , 5.35816°N 55.49687°W, 41 m, trap CB-ML-01, 25 Mar–6 Apr 2016, A. Muller, 1♂ ( FSCA) ; Coebitie area, road to Witagron , next to Sapotaceae tree, 5.35855°N 55.4959°W, 38 m, trap CB-ML-02, 17–23 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875195 ) ; same, 12 Aug 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875201 ) .

Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective derived from the Latin fuscus (dusky) and alatus (winged), in reference to the relatively dark wing pattern.

Comments. This species belongs to the caudata species group as indicated by its largely dark brown wing pattern, C-band and S-band broadly connected, hyaline area in cell br narrow, S-band and V-bands narrowly separated or connected in cell dm, distal half or more of oviscape brown, and similar aculeus tip shapes (half or more serrate) ( Norrbom & Caraballo 2004). In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis using anchored hybrid enrichment (Wiegmann et al., in prep.), A. fuscoalata is clustered with A. brunnealata , the only other species of the caudata group included in the analysis. In the COI analysis by Moore et al. (in press), the six sequences of A. fuscoalata form the sister group of A. brunnealata , the only other member of the caudata group included in the study.

At least the female of the two specimens from French Guiana (Cacao, 5 Mar 2002, McPhail trap with torula, 1♂ 1♀) reported by Vayssières et al. (2013) as A. hendeliana is this species. It is in the MELQ collection and was examined. The wing has the C-band largely orange in cells r 1 and r 2+3, as in this species, not solidly brown as in A. hendeliana .

Figures

FIGURES 7–8. Habitus: 7, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT01526233); 8, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875038).

FIGURES 31–42. Wings: 31–34, A. crassaculeus (Colombia: Pamplonita, ICAMF00000437; Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875104, USNMENT00875105, USNMENT00875106); 35–39, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT00744647; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875205, Nassau, USNMENT00875206, USNMENT00875207, USNMENT00875208); 40–42, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875198, Brownsberg, USNMENT00875200, USN- MENT00875197).

FIGURES 77–84. Eversible membranes, dorsal unless otherwise indicated: 77–78, A. crassaculeus (Colombia: Pamplonita, ICAMF00000437; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105); 79–80, A. curvivenis (Brazil: Rio Urucu, USN- MENT01526558; 80, lateral); 81, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT00744647); 82–83, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT01526233; 83, dorsoapical); 84, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875038).

FIGURES 98–120. Aculei, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 98, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 99, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 100, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 101–102, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT00875205); 103, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 104–105, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 106–107, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157); 108, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT01526060); 109, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 110, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 111, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 112, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 113–114, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105; 114, lateral); 115–116, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 117, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 118, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217); 119–120, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260; 120, lateral).

FIGURES 121–131. Aculeus tips, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 121, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 122, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 123, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 124, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105); 125–126, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875205); 127, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 128–129, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 130– 131, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157).

FIGURES 153–156. Male terminalia, lateral and posterior: 153–154, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USN- MENT01526227); 155–156, A. juxtalanceola (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526641).