Anagyrus cachamai Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Aguirre

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Aguirre, María B. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2014, Two new species of Anagyrus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Argentina, parasitoids of Hypogeococcus spp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), with taxonomic notes on some congeneric taxa, Zootaxa 3861 (3), pp. 201-230 : 210-218

Anagyrus cachamai Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Aguirre sp. n.

( Figs 15–24 )

Type material. Holotype female [ MLPA] on slide ( Fig. 15 ) labeled: 1. “ ARGENTINA: Catamarca, El Portezuelo, 28°26’58.3’’S 65°37’59.4’’W, 653 m, 1.vii.2011 (Code: 11 Earp), G. A. Logarzo & M. B. Aguirre. Ex. Hypogeococcus sp. on Cleistocactus sp. [= C. baumannii ] Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy 2012 in Canada balsam”; 2. “ Anagyrus cachamai Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Aguirre HOLOTYPE ♀ S. V. Triapitsyn det.”. Note that the correct altitude for this site is 658 m. The holotype is in good condition, dissected under 5 coverslips; one hind wing is missing.

Paratypes (22 ♀, 32 ♂): ARGENTINA. CATAMARCA: El Portezuelo: 28°26’58.3’’S 65°37’59.4’’W, 658 m, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from Hypogeococcus sp. on Cleistocactus baumannii ): 29.vi.2010 [1 ♀ on point, UCRC]; 10.xi.2010 [1 ♀, 3 ♂ on points, UCRC]; 25.vii.2011 [1 ♂ on slide and 1 ♂ on point, UCRC]; 3.viii.2011 [1 ♀ on point, UCRC]; 10.viii.2011 [2 ♂ on points, IMLA, MLPA]; 7.xii.2011 [1 ♀ on point, IMLA]; 2011 (date unknown) [4 ♂ on points, BMNH, IMLA, MLPA, UCRC]; 3.vii.2012 [3 ♂ on points, IMLA, MLPA, UCRC]; 28°28’12.5’’S 65°38’07.5’’W, 635 m, 15.ii.2014: M.B. Aguirre, G.A. Logarzo (from Hypogeococcus pungens on Alternanthera pungens ) [2 ♂ on points, UCRC]; G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on A. pungens ) [2 ♀, 1 ♂ on points, UCRC]; G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on Gomphrena sp.) [1 ♀ on point, UCRC]. CÓRDOBA, Jesús María, 30°58’26.2’’S 64°05’02.6’’W, 524 m, 14.ii.2014, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on A. pungens ) [1 ♀, 1 ♂ on slides and 1 ♀ on point, UCRC]. SALTA: 1 km S of Alemania, Quebrada de las Conchas, 25°37’47.5”S 65°38’47.4”W, 1223 m, 19.ii.2014, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre, S.V. Triapitsyn (from Hypogeococcus sp. on C. baumannii ) [1 ♀, 2 ♂ on points, UCRC]. Autopista Salta-Güemes (RN9), 24°46’49.3”S 65°18’19.0”W, 1305 m, 17.ii.2014: M.B. Aguirre, G.A. Logarzo, S.V. Triapitsyn (from H. pungens on Alternanthera paronychioides ) [1 ♂ on point, UCRC]; S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on A. paronychioides ) [2 ♀ on points, MLPA, UCRC]; G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre, S.V. Triapitsyn (from H. pungens on A. pungens ) [6 ♀ on points, BMNH (2), IMLA (1), MLPA (1), UCRC (2), 1 ♂ on slide and 1 ♂ on point, UCRC]. Río Piedras, 25°21’17.9”S 64°54’07.5”W, 715 m, 16.ii.2014, S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on A. pungens ) [1 ♂ on point, UCRC]. TUCUMÁN: San Miguel de Tucumán, vii–ix.1974, P. Fidalgo (from Hypogeococcus sp.) [3 ♂ on slides, MLPA]. Trancas: 26°14’12.2’’S 65°16’26.4’’W, 772 m, 10.ii.2011, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre (from H. pungens on A. pungens ) [1 ♂ on point and 1 ♂ on slide, UCRC]; 26°15’30.8’’S 65°16’37.4’’W, 771 m, 16.ii.2014 (from H. pungens on A. paronychioides ): G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre, S.V. Triapitsyn [2 ♀ on points, IMLA, UCRC]; S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre [1 ♂ on point, UCRC]. Vipos (near Choromoro), 26°25’10.7’’S 65°18’23.0’’W, 780 m (from H. pungens on A. pungens ): 3.ii.2012, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre [1 ♀ on slide, UCRC]; 10.ii.2012, G.A. Logarzo, M.B.

Aguirre [1 ♀, 1 ♂ on slides, UCRC]; 16.ii.2014, S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, M.B. Aguirre [1 ♂ on point, UCRC].

Description. FEMALE (holotype and paratypes). Body length 1.156–1.255 mm (dry-mounted, critical pointdried paratypes). Color. Body, including mesopleuron, dark brown to black; scape with radicle brown, otherwise light brown basally, dark brown medially, and whitish subapically; pedicel brown basally and whitish apically; F1 brown or dark brown, remainder of flagellar segments pale or grayish; legs mostly yellowish or pale light brownish except mesocoxa, metacoxa, and metafemur uniformly brown. Sculpture. Head (particularly frontovertex), dorsal part of pronotum, mesoscutum, axilla, scutellum, mesopleuron and propodeum with fine but conspicuous coriaceous-rugose sculpture. Pubescence. Frontovertex and pronotum with minute, inconspicuous setae; mesoscutum, axillae, and scutellum with numerous short, fine, dark setae.

Head ( Fig. 16 ) slightly wider than high. Toruli just below level of lower eye margin. Ocelli in a slightly obtuse triangle. Maxillary palpus 3-segmented. Antenna ( Fig. 17 ) with radicle about 2× as long as wide, rest of scape moderately broadened, about 3.5× as long as wide; pedicel about 2.5× as long as wide, a little longer than F1; funicle segments all longer than wide, F2–F6 more or less subequal in length and shorter than F1; clava 3- segmented, 3.3–3.5× (3.3× in holotype) as long as wide and slightly shorter than combined length of F4–F6; flagellar segments all with several mps.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 18 ). Pronotum very short; mesoscutum about 2× as wide as long; scutellum a little wider than long, about as long as mesoscutum, scutellar apex narrowly rounded and overhanging median part of propodeum, placoid sensilla close to each other and a little closer to posterior margin of scutellum.Wings not abbreviated, fore wing extending a little beyond apex of gaster. Fore wing ( Fig. 19 ) 2.3–2.4× as long as wide, disc hyaline; costal cell 14–16× (15.4× in holotype) as long as wide; marginal vein longer than wide; postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal vein. Hind wing ( Fig. 19 ) 4.3–4.4× as long as wide, disc hyaline.

Legs. Mesotibial spur slightly shorter than mesobasitarsus.

Metasoma ( Fig. 18 ) longer than mesosoma. Ovipositor occupying 0.7–0.8 (0.77 in holotype) length of gaster, at most exserted a little beyond its apex, and 1.3–1.4× (1.37× in holotype) as long as metatibia.

Measurements (µm) of the holotype. Mesosoma 584; metasoma 756; ovipositor 597. Antenna: radicle 48; rest of scape 233; pedicel 93; F1 88; F2 72; F3 72; F4 76; F5 72; F6 70; clava 190. Fore wing 1125:498; longest marginal seta 22. Hind wing 811:188; longest marginal seta 36.

MALE (paratypes). Body length 0.528–1.024 mm (dry-mounted, critical point-dried paratypes). Body, including mesopleuron, dark brown to black; scape usually with basal half or so whitish and remainder and pedicel brown or dark brown ( Fig. 21 ), but rarely scape mostly brown dorsally and whitish ventrally ( Fig. 22 ); flagellum brown; legs mostly yellowish or pale light brownish except mesocoxa, metacoxa, and metafemur uniformly brown or dark brown. Ocelli ( Fig. 20 ) larger than in female. Toruli at level of lower eye margin. Antenna ( Fig. 21 ) with scape minus short radicle 2.5–2.9× as long as wide; funicle segments all longer than wide and at least with 2 mps each, F1 the longest funicle segment; clava entire, about 3.7× as long as wide, with several mps; flagellar segments all with numerous long setae; F6 with a line of 4 or 5, and clava with a line of 2–4, scale-like structures. Fore wing ( Fig. 23 ) 2.1–2.2× as long as wide, disc hyaline. Hind wing about 4.1× as long as wide, disc hyaline. Metasoma shorter than mesosoma; genitalia ( Fig. 24 ; length 0.185–0.295 mm) usually occupying almost the entire length of gaster.

Diagnosis. Anagyrus cachamai belongs to a group of species within Anagyrus that corresponds to the former genus Apoanagyrus Compere. Other species of this group in Argentina include A. lopezi , A. malenotus ( De Santis) , A. montivagus ( De Santis) , and A. rusticus ( De Santis) . It keys to the same couplet with A. malenotus in the key to Apoanagyrus by Kerrich (1982), and does not key to any species of Anagyrus in Noyes (2000). It differs from A. malenotus , to which it is very similar, by the morphological features indicated in the key and Table 1 below. Moreover, Hypogeococcus spp. mealybug hosts of A. cachamai , to which it is very likely to be host specific, do not occur in the provinces of Argentina from where both A. malenotus and A. montivagus are known. We are therefore very confident in describing this species as new.

Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition; it refers to the brand of herbal tea in Argentina favored by the authors.

Comments. Under laboratory conditions, this nymphal parasitoid only attacked 1st and 2nd instars of the host, Hypogeococcus sp. reared on C. baumannii . Adult wasps emerged from mummies of the adult mealybugs. Their longevity, in contrast with that of the host’s nymphs, is only 3–7 days. Females are synovigenic and emerged with 35–70 mature eggs. In the laboratory, the developmental time of the parasitoid from egg to adult is 60 days at 25°C.

Besides the previously named host plants, A. cachamai also emerged from parasitized adults of H. pungens and a Hypogeococcus sp. on Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus .

Anagyrus chilensis Brèthes, 1916 (extralimital, not included in the key) ( Figs 25, 26 )

Anagyrus ? [sic] chilensis Brèthes 1916: 8 . Type locality: Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. Anagyrus chilensis Brèthes : De Santis 1979: 186 (catalog); Noyes 1980: 173 (list).

Type material examined. Holotype female [ MACN] on card labeled: 1. “Santiago Chile Jan. 1912 ”; 2. “C. F. Porter, Collector”; 3. “ Anagyrus Porteri Br. ” [J. Brèthes’ manuscript name]. The holotype ( Figs 25, 26 ) is incomplete, lacking flagella of both antennae (except F1 of the left antenna is present) and a pair of wings. It was catalogued by a curatorial mistake in a card file in Mymaridae under “ Anagrus porteri Brèthes ” and stood as such in the collection. In the original description, Brèthes (1916) erroneously indicated 1914 as the year of its collection.

Distribution. Chile, and Uruguay ( De Santis 1979). The latter record is very doubtful because it is unclear how it had been identified as such when the species is essentially unrecognizable, although perhaps white pubescence on the body could be characteristic ( Figs 25, 26 ).

Hosts. Unknown.

Taxonomic notes. This species undoubtedly belongs to Anagyrus but beyond that it is a nomen dubium. It is impossible to determine its true identity because both antennae are incomplete.

Most of the body, scape, and pedicel are black, and F1 is entirely black ( Fig. 26 ); most of the head, including the frontovertex, and also the mesopleuron are orange, whereas the pronotum is orange-brown. The wings are hyaline.

Figures

FIGURE 24. Anagyrus cachamai ♂ (paratype, El Portezuelo, Catamarca, Argentina): mesosoma and metasoma.

FIGURES 15 – 17. Anagyrus cachamai ♀ (holotype): 15, slide; 16, head (frontal view); 17, antenna.

FIGURES 18, 19. Anagyrus cachamai ♀ (holotype): 18, mesosoma and metasoma; 19, a pair of wings.

FIGURES 20 – 23. Anagyrus cachamai ♂ (paratypes: 20, 21, 23 — El Portezuelo, Catamarca, Argentina, 22 — Trancas, Tucumán, Argentina): 20, head (frontal view); 21, antenna; 22, scape; 23, fore wing.

FIGURES 25, 26. Anagyrus chilensis ♀ (holotype): 25, habitus (dorsal view); 26, habitus (lateral view).

Tables

TABLE 1. Morphological differences between females of Anagyrus cachamai and A. malenotus.

Morphological feature	Anagyrus cachamai	Anagyrus malenotus
Scape	Slightly longer than combined length of F1–F3	Equal to combined length of F1–F3
F1 and F2	F1 just slightly (at most 1.21×) longer than F2	F1 notably (1.47×) longer than F2
Fore wing	2.2–2.3× as long as wide	2.6× as long as wide
Metafemur	Uniformly dark	Bicolorous (basal half or so contrastingly darker than apical half or so)