Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 84

Tropidauchen escalerai Bolívar, 1912 comb. rev.

( Figs. 38 , 265 , 324, 328–329 )

Tropidauchen marginatum Bolívar, 1912 syn. nov.

Material examined. IRAN: Persia, Gotvand , Rhau Sefid., 1♂, 4♀ (Syntypes); Perse, Gotvand, 4–5.1899, 1♂, 5♀ (Syntypes); Gotvand, Chinbar [Chindaar], 5♂, 3♀ (Syntypes) ; Persia, Kaemenogra , Haut Karoum, 5.1899, 8♂, 2♀ (leg. Escalera) ( MNCN) ; Perse , Gotvend, 4–5.1899, 1♂, 1♀ (Syntypes) (leg. Escalera) ( NHMUK) ; Gotvend , Chinbar, 1♂ (Syntype), Gotvend, 1♀ (Syntype) (leg. Escalera) ( NMW) ; Persia, Chagajor , Haut Karoum, 8.1899, 1♂, 1♀ (Syntypes of T. marginatum ) (leg. Escalera) ( NHMUK) ; Persia, Chagajor , Haut Karoum, 8.1899, 2♂, 1♀ (Syntypes of T. marginatum ) (leg. Escalera) ( MNCN) ; Chagajor , 1♂ (Syntype of T. marginatum ) (leg. Escalera) ( MNCN) ; Gotvend , 4–5.1899, 1♂, 1♀ (det. as T. marginatum ); Gotvand, Rhau Sefid., 3♂, 10♀ (det. as T. marginatum ) (leg. Escalera) ( MNCN) ; Persia, Kaemenogra , Haut Karoum, 5.1899, 7♂, 1♀ (leg. Escalera); Gotvand, Chinbar [Chindaar], 7♂, 3♀ (det. as T. marginatum ) ( MNCN) ; Buschir , März 1938, 2♂ ( MfN) ; Schiras , Taschteba, ende April 1938, 2 ♀ ( MfN) ; Iran, Schiraz , 5500 ft, 21.4.1950, 1♂, 1♀ nymph (E. P. Wiltshire) ( NHMUK) ; Shiraz , Dasht-i-Bam, 4000 ft, 5.5.1950, 1♂, 1♀ ( NHMUK) ; Schiraz , Kuh Qalat, 2.6.1943, 1♀; Schiraz , 24.7.1950, 1♀ nymph (E. P. Wiltshire) (NHMUK); Persia, Kaemenogra , Haut Karoum, 5.1899, 1♂, 1♀ (leg. Escalera) ( MfN) .

Remarks. Mistshenko (1951b: 739) included this species within the genus Saxetania Mistshenko because of its frontal ridge, the vertex not strongly vertical as in Tropidauchen and the hind femur. Dirsh (1952) synonymizing the genus Saxetania transferred it to Tropidauchen , but all subsequent authors followed Mistshenko (1951b) up to the present date. I have separated both genera mainly by the male genitalia. The male genitalia of this species undoubtedly agree with that of Tropidauchen .

Mistshenko (1951b) gave T. escalerai and T. marginatum in different genera, but Dirsh (1952) distinguished them only by the narrow or wide undulation of the ventral margin of hind femur. The coloration of hind legs and the ventral margin of hind femur are variable even in specimens collected from the same place. Both species T. escalerai and T. marginatum were identified from the same locality, but I cannot see any important difference between those specimens. Therefore I consider that they are synonyms. On the other hand according to Uvarov (1922: 364) “This species differs from T. securicollis Sauss. by unimportant characters and is, probably, only a geographical form of the latter species”. As I stated in the Remarks section of T. securicolle above, I also think that this species may be a synonym of T. securicolle .

In the NMW, specimens were labelled as paratypes, but they cannot possibly be paratypes, and are syntypes.

Figures

FIGURES 32 – 43. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 32 Prionosthenus gueleni; 33 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus; 34 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 35 Orchamus yersini yersini; 36 Orchamus massai; 37 Paracinipe zebrata; 38 Tropidauchen escalerai; 39 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle; 40 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera; 41 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi; 42 Paranocarodes straubei; 43 Paranocarodes fieberi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 259 – 281. Habitus and body parts. 259 – 260 Haplotropis brunneriana, 259 male, 260 female. 261 – 262 krauss’ organ, 261 Ocnerosthenus simulans, male; 262 Prionosthenus femoralis, female; 263 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, without krauss’ organ. 264 Finotia maxima, pronotum. 265 – 267 ventral view of hind femur in female, 265 Tropidauchen escalerai; 266 Paranocarodes turkmen; 267 Bufonocarodes robustus. 268 – 269 male supra-anal plate, 268 Paracinipe saharae; 269 Orchamus yersini davisi. 270 – 271 female antenna, 270 Orchamus yersini yersini; 271 Ocneropsis bethlehemita. 272 – 273 male hind femur, 272 Orchamus massai; 273 Ocnerosthenus kneuckeri. 274 – 277 mesosternal interspace in female, 274 Orchamus yersini yersini; 275 Prionosthenus galericulatus; 276 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 277 Ocnerosthenus simulans. 278 – 281 eye, 278 Ocneropsis bethlehemita, male; 279 ditto female; 280 Ocnerosthenus kneuchkeri, male; 281 Ocnerosthenus simulans, female.

FIGURES 312 – 329. Habitus and body parts. 312 – 315 Paracinipe zebrata, 312 male habitus; 313 female habitus; 314 female prosternum; 315 female mesosternal interspace. 316 – 320 Paracinipe suezensis, female holotype 316 habitus lateral; 317 ditto dorsal; 318 head, pronotum and tegmina; 319 prosternum; 320 mesosternal interspace. 321 – 323 habitus of female of Paracinipe spp., (provided by B. Massa), 321 Paracinipe marmarica; 322 Paracinipe baccettii; 323 Paracinipe foreli. 324 – 325 hind femur, 324 Tropidauchen escalerai; 325 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle. 326 – 327 male tegmina, 326 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi, holotype; 327 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera. 328 – 329 Tropidauchen escalerai, habitus, 328 male, 329 female.