Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980

Reategui, Natália Soares, Rafael, José Albertino & Silva-Neto, Alberto Moreira da, 2022, Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Epipsocidae): updated diagnosis, description of a female specimen, morphological variations and a checklist of all known species of the genus, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62, pp. 1-15 : 2-7

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.052
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7D8790-5B7D-744E-FCF2-0D41B81BFE7F
treatment provided by	Felipe (2022-10-09 08:49:48, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-07 19:05:38)
scientific name	Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980
status

Treatment

Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980 View in CoL ( Figs. 1-11 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 View Figure 8 View Figure 9 View Figure 10 View Figure 11 )

Neurostigma xanthoptera New, 1980: 194 View in CoL ; Rafael et al., 1983:916 (Deposition of type); New,1984:3 (Ecology).

Neurostigma xanthopterum Lienhard & Smithers, 2002: 122 (Catalogue) View in CoL ; García-Aldrete & Mockford, 2009:667 (species list); Mendivil-Nieto et al., 2020:132 (new species and new record); Silva-Neto & GarcíaAldrete, 2020: 3 (species list); González-Obando et al., 2021: 83 (new species).

Update diagnosis: Head with vertex narrowed, bilobed, raised and distinctly emarginate medially ( Figs.1 View Figure 1 , 2A View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 , 4A View Figure 4 ).Forewings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, basally with a large club-shaped hyaline area between vein R and vein M+CuA; with large irregular dark brown spots from base of Pterostigma to CuP ( Figs. 10 View Figure 10 A-B, 10D-G) or present only from M+CuA to CuP ( Figs.2 View Figure 2 B-C,4B,10C).A small dark brown spot at the base of the Pterostigma and this one with its transverse veins pigmented along its entire length ( Figs.2 View Figure 2 B-C,7-9).Hindwings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, with two hyaline areas almost elliptic ( Figs.2G View Figure 2 , 4C View Figure 4 , 11 View Figure 11 ). Phallosomal arch narrow and widening at the ends, anteriorly with a U-shaped area, then with a small transverse part, almost straight, posteriorly elongated vertically, ending in an almost elliptical area, with convex inner margin and blunt outer margin ( Fig. 2J View Figure 2 ). Endophallus heart-shaped, radular sclerites with small denticles, more pronounced in midline ( Fig. 2J View Figure 2 ). Hypandrium U-shaped, more sclerotized on the sides ( Fig. 2I View Figure 2 ). Ninth sternum with a v-shaped recess in the middle of the posterior margin and a deep recess in the anterior region, giving rise to two similar areas, almost elliptical and anteriorly open ending in a membranous area ( Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ). Gonapophyses with short, blunt end- ed heel, distally culminated, with v2 heavily sclerotized, with three setae on outer lobe; V3 weakly sclerotized, swollen and elongated ( Fig. 4G View Figure 4 ).

Male

As described by New (1980).

Female

Color: Body dark brown, with yellowish spots with tergal lobes of meso and metathorax light brown; thoracic pleura brown with clear spots ( Figs. 3 View Figure 3 A-C).Head with light reddish spots between front and postclypeus, and on the inner inferior margin of compound eyes and the antennal orbit; vertex yellowish;black compound eyes;ocelli blackened ( Figs. 3 View Figure 3 B-C, 4A). Escape and pedicel with dark spots, light brown flagelomeres. Maxillary palps with blackened contours ( Fig. 5A View Figure 5 ). Labrum basally yellow, distally pale yellow ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ). Labium anteriorly with black spots near the lateral margins of the prementum, with transverse linear spots on the labial palps and paraglosas ( Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ). Coxae and trochanters brown;femurs brown,darker basally,with four dark brown spots in the distal region;light brown tibiae;tarsomeres 1 and tarsomeres 2 light brown.Forewings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, basally with a large club-shaped hyaline area between vein R and vein M+CuA; with large irregular dark brown spots from M+CuA to CuP; brown veins ( Figs. 3A View Figure 3 , 4B View Figure 4 ). A small dark brown spot at the base of the Pterostigma and this one with its transverse veins pigmented along its entire length ( Figs. 3A View Figure 3 , 4B View Figure 4 , 7 View Figure 7 ). Hindwings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, with two hyaline areas almost elliptic; brown veins ( Figs. 3A View Figure 3 , 4C View Figure 4 ).Brown abdomen.Clunium hyaline. Subgenital plaque, gonapophysis and ninth sternum pale brown. Epiproct and paraproct almost hyaline. Eggs almost entirely yellow, with whitish margins ( Figs. 3 View Figure 3 D-E).

Morphology: Head with abundant macrosetae,mainly on vertex,it is narrowed,bilobed,raised and distinctly emarginate medially;small compound eyes ( Figs.3 View Figure 3 A-C,4A).Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with 5-7 denticles ( Figs. 5 View Figure 5 F-L; see also variation of males with 4-7 lacinia denticles ( Figs. 6 View Figure 6 F-W)). Labrum with abundant setae with labral sclerites curved outwards at bases ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ). Labial palps almost elliptical ( Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled ( Figs. 5 View Figure 5 D-E). Thorax with many setae and with four large sets of macrosetae, one on each side of the anterior scutal lobe and one on each side of the anterior margins of the lateral scutal lobes ( Figs.3 View Figure 3 B-C).Forewings with narrow pterostigma extending distally, with number and shape of transverse veins varying ( Fig. 7 View Figure 7 , see also variation of males ( Figs. 8-9 View Figure 8 View Figure 9 )); Rs, proximal to transverse vein r-m, strongly convex; R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅ almost touching basally and separating distally; M with five branches ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Hindwings elongate; M simple, unbranched,R₂₊₃ vein slightly curved at the base and R₄₊₅ vein almost straight ( Fig.4C View Figure 4 ).Subgenital plate broad,U-shaped, no pigmented area,setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ).Ninth sternum with a v-shaped recess in the middle of the posterior margin and a deep recess in the anterior region,giving rise to two similar areas, almost elliptical and anteriorly open ending in a membranous area ( Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ). Gonapophyses with short, blunt ended heel, distally culminated, with v2 heavily sclerotized, with three setae on outer lobe; V3 weakly sclerotized, swollen and elongated ( Fig. 4G View Figure 4 ). Epiproct trapezoidal, with invaginations in the center and with setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ). Paraprocto broad, almost elliptical, sensory fields with 28-29 tricobothria on basal rosettes;setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ). Eggs almost elliptical, with an almost triangular tip like a peduncle ( Figs. 3 View Figure 3 D-E).

Measurements (in microns): FW:4666,HW: 3146,F: 910, T: 1694, t1: 523, t2: 158, f1: 577, f2: 406, f3: 521, Mx2: 126, Mx4: 264, IO: 626, D: 351, d: 279.

References

Garcia-Aldrete, A. N. & Mockford, E. L. 2009. A list of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) from Brazil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 80 (3): 665 - 673.

Gonzalez-Obando, R.; Carrero-Gironza, N.; Mendivil-Nieto, J. & GarciaAldrete, A. N. 2021. Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key. Acta Entomologica Musei Bational Pragae, 61 (1): 83 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / aemnp. 2021.005.

Lienhard, C. & Smithers, C. N. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta) World Catalogue and Bibliography. Geneve, Museum d'histoire naturelle. 745 p.

Mendivil-Nieto, J. A.; Gonzalez Obando, R. & Carrero Gironza, N. S. 2020. New species of Neurostigma Enderlein, 1901 (Insecta: Psocodea: Epipsocidae) from Colombia. Dugesiana, 27 (2): 131 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.32870 / Dugesiana. v 27 i 2.7113.

New, T. R. 1980. Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica, 10 (1): 179 - 206.

New, T. R. 1984. Trap catches of Psocoptera in the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Acta Amazonica, 13 (3 / 4): 591 - 599.

Rafael, J. A.; Penny, N. D. & Harada, A. Y. 1983. Relacao dos tipos de invertebrados depositados na Colecao em Entomologia Sistematica do INPA-Manaus, ate dezembro de 1982. Acta Amazonica, 13: 911 - 926.

Figures

Figure 1. Neurostigmaxanthopterum.(male I). (1) Lateral view.Scale in mm.

Figure 2. Neurostigma xanthopterum (Holotype male): (A) Front view of head; (B) Right forewing; (C) Left forewing; (D) Right antenna; (E) Pterostigma of right forewing;(F) Pterostigma of left forewing;(G) Right hindwing;(H) Right hindleg;(I) Hypandrium;(J)Phallosome.Scales in mm.

Figure 3. Neurostigma xanthopterum (Female I): (A) Lateral view; (B) Zoom of lateral view of head; (C) Zoom of dorsal view of head;(D) Eggs;(E) Zoom of an egg. Scales in mm.

Figure 4.Neurostigmaxanthopterum (Female I):(A)Front viewof head;(B)Right forewing;(C)Right hindwing;(D)Placa subgenital;(E)Ninthsternum;(F)Clunium, right paraproct and epiprocto;(G) Right gonapophyses.Scales in mm.

Figure 5. Mouthparts of Neurostigma xanthopterum (Females): (A) Rigth maxillary palp of FI; (B) Labrum of FI; (C) Labium of FI; (D) Right mandible of FI; (E) Left mandible of FI;(F) Rl of FI; (G) Ll of FI; (H) Rl of FII;(I) Ll of FII;(J) Rl of FIII; (K) Rl of FIV;(L) Ll of FIV.Scales in mm. Abbreviations:FI…FIV: female I…female IV; Rl: right lacinia;Ll:Left lacinia.

Figure 6. Mouthparts of Neurostigma xanthopterum (male I…male XIII): (A) Right maxillary palp of MI; (B) Labrum of MI; (C) Labium of MI; (D) Right mandible of MI; (E) Left mandible of MI; (F) Rl of MI; (G) Ll of MI; (H) 43.Rl of MII; (I) Rl of the MIII; (J) Ll of MIII; (K) Rl of MV; (L) Ll of MV;(M) Rl of MVI; (N) Ll of MVI; (O) Rl of MVIII;(P) Ll of MVIII;(Q) Rl of MX; (R) Ll of MX; (S) Rl of MXI;(T) Ll of MXI; (U) Rl of MXII; (V) Rl of MXIII; (W) Ll of MXIII.Scales in mm. Abbreviations: MI…MXIII: male I…male XIII;Rl:right lacinia;Ll:Left lacinia.

Figure 7. Pterostigma of the Neurostigma xanthopterum (female I…female IV): (A) PRF of FI; (B) PLF of FI; (C) PRF of FII; (D) PLF of FII; (E) PRF of FIII; (F) PLF of FIII; (G) PRF of FIV; (H) PLF of FIV;(I) PRF of FV; (J) PLF of FV.Scales in mm. Abbreviations:FI…FIV: female I…female IV; PRF:pterostigma of right forewing,PLF: pterostigma of left forewing.

Figure 8. Pterostigma of the Neurostigma xanthopterum (male I…maleVII): (A) PRF of MI; (B)70.PLF of MI;(C) PRF of MII;(D) PLF of MII;(E) PRF of MIII;(F) PLF of MIII; (G) PRF of MIV;(H) PLF of MIV;(I) PRFof MV;(J)PLF of MV;(K) PRF of MVI;(L) PLF of MVI;(M) PRF of MVII;(N) PLF of MVII.Abbreviations:MI…MVII:male I… male VII.PRF:pterostigma of right forewing,PLF:pterostigma of leftforewing.

Figure 9. Pterostigma of the Neurostigma xanthopterum (male VIII…male XIV): (A) PRF of MVIII; (B) PLF of MVIII; (C) PRF of MIX; (D) PLF of MIX; (E) PRF of MX; (F) PLF of MX; (G) PRF of MXI; (H) PLF of MXI; (I) PRF of MXII; (J) PLF of MXII; (K) PRF of MXIII; (L) PLF of MXIII; (M) PRF of MXIV; (N) PLF of MXIV. Scales in mm. Abbreviations:MVIII…MXIV: maleVIII…maleVXIV.PRF:pterostigmaof right forewing,PLF:pterostigma of left forewing.

Figure 10. Type of variations in the forewing veins of the Neurostigma xanthopterum: (A)Type 1; (B)Type 2; (C) Type 3; (D) Type 4; (E)Type 5; (F)Type 6; (G) Type 7. Scales in mm.

Figure 11. Type of variations in the hindwing veins of the Neurostigma xanthopterum: (A) Type 8; (B) Type 9; (C) Type 10; (D) Type 11; (E) Type 12; (F) Type 13. Scales in mm.

Figure 1. Neurostigmaxanthopterum.(male I). (1) Lateral view.Scale in mm.

Figure 3. Neurostigma xanthopterum (Female I): (A) Lateral view; (B) Zoom of lateral view of head; (C) Zoom of dorsal view of head;(D) Eggs;(E) Zoom of an egg. Scales in mm.

Figure 10. Type of variations in the forewing veins of the Neurostigma xanthopterum: (A)Type 1; (B)Type 2; (C) Type 3; (D) Type 4; (E)Type 5; (F)Type 6; (G) Type 7. Scales in mm.

Figure 11. Type of variations in the hindwing veins of the Neurostigma xanthopterum: (A) Type 8; (B) Type 9; (C) Type 10; (D) Type 11; (E) Type 12; (F) Type 13. Scales in mm.