Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980

Reategui, Natália Soares, Rafael, José Albertino & Silva-Neto, Alberto Moreira da, 2022, Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Epipsocidae): updated diagnosis, description of a female specimen, morphological variations and a checklist of all known species of the genus, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62, pp. 1-15 : 2-7

Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980 ( Figs. 1-11)

Neurostigma xanthoptera New, 1980: 194 ; Rafael et al., 1983:916 (Deposition of type); New,1984:3 (Ecology).

Neurostigma xanthopterum Lienhard & Smithers, 2002: 122 (Catalogue); García-Aldrete & Mockford, 2009:667 (species list); Mendivil-Nieto et al., 2020:132 (new species and new record); Silva-Neto & GarcíaAldrete, 2020: 3 (species list); González-Obando et al., 2021: 83 (new species).

Update diagnosis: Head with vertex narrowed, bilobed, raised and distinctly emarginate medially ( Figs.1, 2A, 3B, 4A).Forewings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, basally with a large club-shaped hyaline area between vein R and vein M+CuA; with large irregular dark brown spots from base of Pterostigma to CuP ( Figs. 10 A-B, 10D-G) or present only from M+CuA to CuP ( Figs.2 B-C,4B,10C).A small dark brown spot at the base of the Pterostigma and this one with its transverse veins pigmented along its entire length ( Figs.2 B-C,7-9).Hindwings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, with two hyaline areas almost elliptic ( Figs.2G, 4C, 11). Phallosomal arch narrow and widening at the ends, anteriorly with a U-shaped area, then with a small transverse part, almost straight, posteriorly elongated vertically, ending in an almost elliptical area, with convex inner margin and blunt outer margin ( Fig. 2J). Endophallus heart-shaped, radular sclerites with small denticles, more pronounced in midline ( Fig. 2J). Hypandrium U-shaped, more sclerotized on the sides ( Fig. 2I). Ninth sternum with a v-shaped recess in the middle of the posterior margin and a deep recess in the anterior region, giving rise to two similar areas, almost elliptical and anteriorly open ending in a membranous area ( Fig. 4E). Gonapophyses with short, blunt end- ed heel, distally culminated, with v2 heavily sclerotized, with three setae on outer lobe; V3 weakly sclerotized, swollen and elongated ( Fig. 4G).

Male

As described by New (1980).

Female

Color: Body dark brown, with yellowish spots with tergal lobes of meso and metathorax light brown; thoracic pleura brown with clear spots ( Figs. 3 A-C).Head with light reddish spots between front and postclypeus, and on the inner inferior margin of compound eyes and the antennal orbit; vertex yellowish;black compound eyes;ocelli blackened ( Figs. 3 B-C, 4A). Escape and pedicel with dark spots, light brown flagelomeres. Maxillary palps with blackened contours ( Fig. 5A). Labrum basally yellow, distally pale yellow ( Fig. 5B). Labium anteriorly with black spots near the lateral margins of the prementum, with transverse linear spots on the labial palps and paraglosas ( Fig. 5C). Coxae and trochanters brown;femurs brown,darker basally,with four dark brown spots in the distal region;light brown tibiae;tarsomeres 1 and tarsomeres 2 light brown.Forewings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, basally with a large club-shaped hyaline area between vein R and vein M+CuA; with large irregular dark brown spots from M+CuA to CuP; brown veins ( Figs. 3A, 4B). A small dark brown spot at the base of the Pterostigma and this one with its transverse veins pigmented along its entire length ( Figs. 3A, 4B, 7). Hindwings with their proximal part half yellowish to brown, with two hyaline areas almost elliptic; brown veins ( Figs. 3A, 4C).Brown abdomen.Clunium hyaline. Subgenital plaque, gonapophysis and ninth sternum pale brown. Epiproct and paraproct almost hyaline. Eggs almost entirely yellow, with whitish margins ( Figs. 3 D-E).

Morphology: Head with abundant macrosetae,mainly on vertex,it is narrowed,bilobed,raised and distinctly emarginate medially;small compound eyes ( Figs.3 A-C,4A).Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with 5-7 denticles ( Figs. 5 F-L; see also variation of males with 4-7 lacinia denticles ( Figs. 6 F-W)). Labrum with abundant setae with labral sclerites curved outwards at bases ( Fig. 5B). Labial palps almost elliptical ( Fig. 5C). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled ( Figs. 5 D-E). Thorax with many setae and with four large sets of macrosetae, one on each side of the anterior scutal lobe and one on each side of the anterior margins of the lateral scutal lobes ( Figs.3 B-C).Forewings with narrow pterostigma extending distally, with number and shape of transverse veins varying ( Fig. 7, see also variation of males ( Figs. 8-9)); Rs, proximal to transverse vein r-m, strongly convex; R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅ almost touching basally and separating distally; M with five branches ( Fig. 4B). Hindwings elongate; M simple, unbranched,R₂₊₃ vein slightly curved at the base and R₄₊₅ vein almost straight ( Fig.4C).Subgenital plate broad,U-shaped, no pigmented area,setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4D).Ninth sternum with a v-shaped recess in the middle of the posterior margin and a deep recess in the anterior region,giving rise to two similar areas, almost elliptical and anteriorly open ending in a membranous area ( Fig. 4E). Gonapophyses with short, blunt ended heel, distally culminated, with v2 heavily sclerotized, with three setae on outer lobe; V3 weakly sclerotized, swollen and elongated ( Fig. 4G). Epiproct trapezoidal, with invaginations in the center and with setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4F). Paraprocto broad, almost elliptical, sensory fields with 28-29 tricobothria on basal rosettes;setae as illustrated ( Fig. 4F). Eggs almost elliptical, with an almost triangular tip like a peduncle ( Figs. 3 D-E).

Measurements (in microns): FW:4666,HW: 3146,F: 910, T: 1694, t1: 523, t2: 158, f1: 577, f2: 406, f3: 521, Mx2: 126, Mx4: 264, IO: 626, D: 351, d: 279.