Percoidei

KAGA, TATSUYA, 2013, Phylogenetic systematics of the family Sillaginidae (Percomorpha: order Perciformes), Zootaxa 3642 (1), pp. 1-105 : 6-7

Percoidei

Acropomatidae : Acropoma japonicum Günther : HUMZ 35428 (101.2), locality unknown.

Apogonidae : Apogon doederleini Jordan & Snyder: HUMZ 175508 (98.0), Japan, Izu-Ooshima.

Caesionidae : Pterocaesio diagramma (Bleeker) : HUMZ 73482 (140.2), Mauritius, Saya de Malha Bank.

Epigonidae : Epigonus atherinoides (Gilbert) : HUMZ 194498 (113.9), Indonesia, Jawa .

Gerreidae : Gerres longirostris (Lacepède) : HUMZ 165489 (110.8), Saudi Arabia, Khuljh.

Lateolabracidae : Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier) : HUMZ 46767 (141.7), Japan, Okinawa .

Latidae : Psammoperca waigiensis Cuvier, HUMZ 170713 (106.5), Australia, Cape York False.

Moronidae : Morone americana (Gmelin) : USNM 359266 (146.8), United States of America, Maryland, Mill Creek, Tributary Patuxent River .

Pempheridae : Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker : HUMZ 101191 (91.0), Japan, Okinawa fish market.

Percichthyidae : Macquaria colonorum (Günther) : HUMZ 198428 (116.6), Australia, Shoalheven River, Tallowa Dam impoundment. Percidae : Perca fluviatilis Linaeus : HUMZ 74637 (90.1), Czechoslovakia, central Bohemia.

Priacanthidae : Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier : HUMZ 97044 (143.0), Japan, Yamaguchi, off Futami .

Systematic procedures

The cladistic methodology formulated by Hennig (1966) was adopted for the inference of phylogenetic relationships of the Sillaginidae . Although outgroup comparison was used for polarizing characters, no one has suggested any precise relationships of the Sillaginidae among the percoids. Therefore, according to the concept of functional outgroup ( Watrous & Wheeler, 1981), the characters in typical percoids, to which sillaginids belong, were recognized to be primitive for the Sillaginidae . When morphology could be divided into distinct characters but the polarity could not be decided, outgroup condition was coded as “?”. Many sillaginids have appendages on the swimbladder. However, the characters for the appendages were coded as “?” when the swimbladder itself was absent and the appendage characters before the loss of the swimbladder could not be assumed. The data were analyzed by using PAUP * 4.0b10 ( Swofford, 2002), including ACCTRAN and DELTRAN optimizations and heuristic search option. For multistate transformation series, characters were fundamentally ordered. However, when derived “loss” was included in the transformation series, or character(s) had much modification and the evolutionary scenario could not be inferred, characters were unordered.