Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) lachrymosum (Smith, 1879)

Nalinrachatakan, Pakorn, Ascher, John S., Kasparek, Max, Traiyasut, Prapun, Thanoosing, Chawatat & Warrit, Natapot, 2023, A review of the anthidiine bees (Apoidea, Megachilidae) in Thailand, ZooKeys 1186, pp. 235-284 : 235

Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) lachrymosum (Smith, 1879)

Fig. 12

Anthidium lachrymosum Smith, 1879: 463 (♀, ♂, syntype). from Bombay [Mumbai, Maharashtra, India] (NHMUK reg. number NHMUK014026059, examined).

Anthidium lachrymosum Smith: Bingham, 1897: 492.

Anthidium serapiforme Friese, 1914: 322 (♂). Holotype from Perak [Perak, Malaysia] (ZMB, not examined).

Pachyanthidium lachrymosum (Smith): ITIS 2008: http://www.itis.gov.

Pachyanthidium lachrymosum (Smith): Kumar et al. 2017: 452, 457-459, figs 15, 16.

Material examined.

(24♀, 3♂). India: 1♀, Bombay Dist. [= Mumbai, Maharashtra], B.M. TYPE HYM.17a 1866, (syntype) (NHMUK 014026059); Karnataka: Mysore , 1♀, 17 Apr. 2009, Dhanyavathi; “Yerbahalli” [must be Yerehalli, Mysore], 1♀, 29 Jul. 2014, Revanasidda (UAS); Bangalore, GKVK, 1♀, 29 Jul. 2014, Veereshkumar, 1♀, 25 Jun. 2014, Sunil, 1♀, 18 Nov. 2014, Zameer, 2♂, 29 Apr. 2010, Arathi (UAS); Tamil Nadu : 1♀, Coimbatore , 5 Sep. 1950, P S Nathan (UAS) ; Thailand: 1♂, Chiang Mai (new record), Chom Thong District, Ban Luang Subdistrict, Doi Inthanon National Park , Ban Mae Klang Luang (18°32'29.7"N, 98°32'01.2"E, alt. 1,033 m), 7 May 2021, on Bidens pilosa (L.) [ Asteraceae ], T. Srimaneeyanon et al. (CUNHM: BSRU-AB-3551) ; 2♀, Kamphaeng Phet: Pang Sila Thong District , 7 Aug. 2015, N. Warrit et al. (CUNHM: BSRU-AA-4478, 4479) ; 6♀, Khon Kaen, Phu Wiang District , 26 May 2016, N. Warrit et al. (CUNHM: BSRU-AA-4484-4489) ; 1♀, Phayao, Mueang District, Phayao University (19°1'41.9334"N, 99°52'59.9730"E, alt. 493.41 m), 8 Oct. 2019, N. Warrit et al. (CUNHM) ; 8♀, Phetchabun, Namnao District , 19 Jun. 2017, N. Warrit et al. (CUNHM: BSRU-AA-4649-4656) .

Distribution.

India (Karnataka (Bangalore, Mysore), Malabar (as per Bingham (1897), must refer to "Malabar coast" on southwest India), Maharashtra (Mumbai), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore), Malaysia (Perak), Myanmar (Tenasserim), Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai (new record), Kamphaeng Phet (new record), Khon Kaen (new record), Phayao (new record), Phetchabun (new record)).

The records from Smith (1879) based on both sexes were noted to come from "Bombay district", whereas Bingham (1897) who later revise Smith’s work, additionally mentioned “Malabar” and “Tenasserim” without any further information, also without any note if the additional material was examined. Most of the records from India are already listed by Kumar et al. (2017). Friese (1914) reported a male from Malaysia. In Thailand, Tadauchi and Tasen (2009) reported the species from Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary in Chaiyaphum province.

Diagnosis.

Pachyanthidium lachrymosum can be distinguished from other congeneric species by its black body with a white lateral band of short white hairs on the metasoma; lamellate parts are often translucent reddish brown to black; eyes with sparse short hairs; mandibles with four teeth; arolia absent; male similar to females but mostly differs in the presence of the arolia, three mandibular teeth, lateral spines on T3-T6, and a tridentate T7 (Fig. 12F, G ), also noted in Bingham (1897) and Kumar et al. (2017). Pachyanthidium lachrymosum also exhibits a robust, lamellate preoccipital ridge and an omaular carina, which are typical for Pachyanthidium .

Floral associations.

Bidens pilosa (L.) ( Asteraceae ) (this study), Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link ( Lamiaceae ) ( Kumar et al. 2017).

Remarks.

The other four species of Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) were revised by Eardley and Griswold (2017). Pa. lachrymosum is the only species that does not have any integument maculation and has not been reported from the Afrotropical region. When compared with Indian specimens from both Kumar et al. (2017) and Smith (1879), we notice that the white hair patch on the metasoma appears to be more clumped and dense in Indian specimens, while in the Thai specimens the hairs seem looser and the patch more extended. The patch on the scutum is absent in some Thai individuals and white body patches are absent in some Indian specimens.

All specimens in CUNHM are females. Promisingly, two individuals are full of pollen trapped by the facial pubescence (Fig. 12A ); thus, with their broad facial area, Pa. lachrymosum may also can gather pollen by rubbing it with its face (see also Portman et al. 2019; Kasparek et al. 2022).

Kumar et al. (2017) provides a note on Indian Pa. lachrymosum flight period (April, June, July, and November) and floral visitation (see above). Our specimens from Thailand were collected in May, June, and August.

Figures

Figure 12. Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) lachrymosum (Smith, 1879) A female face B male face C male dorsal habitus D female metasoma E male lateral habitus F, G male metasoma. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, E); 1 mm (A, B, D, F, G).