Stryphnodendron dryaticum Scalon, 2022

Scalon, Viviane Renata, Paula-Souza, Juliana De, Lima, Alexandre Gibau De & Souza, Vinicius Castro, 2022, A synopsis of the genus Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), Phytotaxa 544 (3), pp. 227-279 : 240-241

7. Stryphnodendron dryaticum Scalon , sp. nov. ( Fig. 4 ).

— Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, estrada para Glicério , ca. 2km do Córrego do Ouro , 42°04’W, 22°13’S, 23 June 1987, Lima et al. 2988 (holotype RB 265629!, isotype MBM!)

Diagnosis: Stryphnodendron dryaticum is very similar to S. polyphyllum , differing by its yellow-pubescent rachis (vs. glabrous in S. polyphyllum ), leaflets 3–7(–9) mm wide (vs. 1.5–4 mm) and rachillae with (1–)2–7 nectaries (vs. 1 to rarely absent or 2). The flowers are pale green (vs. vinaceous to reddish in S. polyphyllum ) with densely yellowpubescent calyx (vs. glabrous) and yellow-pubescent corolla (vs. glabrous), glabrous ovary (vs. pubescent) turning to flat-compressed to rarely subturgid nucoid legumes (vs. subturgid) 1.6–2.2cm wide when mature (vs. 1.3–1.5cm), usually with glossy valves. Stryphnodendron dryaticum also resembles S. flavotomentosum , but it can distinguished by its yellow-pubescent rachis (vs. yellow-tomentose in S. flavotomentosum ), rachis with 1 nectary (vs. 3–5 nectaries), yellow-pubescent corolla (vs. yellow-sericeous), dorsal fold of the same color as the anther (vs. the anther darker than the dorsal fold), glabrous ovary (vs. yellow-tomentose) and fruit 1.6–2.2 cm wide (vs. 3–3.5 cm).

Trees 6–18(–20) m tall, the branches lenticellate, lacking extrafloral nectaries, glabrous, ferruginous-pulverulent, glabrescent, very densely ferruginous-pulverulent at the apex. Leaves with petioles (3.5–)4.5–8(–11) cm long, subglabrous, very sparsely ferruginous-pulverulent only near the base, glabrescent, extrafloral nectary 1, inserted at 1.4–3 cm from the base of the petiole, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, verruciform; pinnae (6–)10–13 pairs, subopposite, turning alternate towards the apex of the rachis, the insertion of each pair spaced in (0.7–) 1–1.6 cm; rachis striate, yellowpubescent and ferruginous-pulverulent, more densely near the insertion of the pinnae, remaining parts glabrescent; extrafloral nectary 1, inserted at (2–) 4–5 mm below the distal pair of pinnae, ca. 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, verruciform; stipels late deciduous, ca. 1 mm long, linear; 2nd degree petiolules ca. 0.5 mm long, the same color as the upper surface of the blade, yellow-pubescent; leaflets (9–)12–20 pairs; rachillae densely yellow-pubescent, ferruginous-pulverulent near the insertion of the leaflets, extrafloral nectaries (1–)2–7, inserted at ca. 2 mm below the distal pair of leaflets, ca. 0.2 × 0.2 mm long, verruciform, usually covered by the indumentum; stipel deciduous, not seen; insertion of leaflets usually alternate, subopposite towards the apex of the rachillae, blade asymmetrical, usually elliptic to elliptic-oblong, rarely ovate, the ones of the proximal pairs usually elliptic, the distal pairs usually obovate, (4–)5–11 × 3–7(–9) mm, apex usually retuse, very rarely rounded, margin sub-revolute, entire and pubescent, base asymmetrical, the proximal side of the blade usually obtuse, rarely truncate, distal side rounded, the proximal side of distal pairs of leaflets usually acute, distal side rounded, chartaceous, subconcolor, upper surface dark, pubescent, lower surface lighter, densely pubescent, unilateral tuft of trichomes on the lower surface of the leaflets present, usually prolonged up to the 3rd or 4th pairs of basal nerves, both surfaces opaque, venation brochidodromous, the nerves weakly evident and slightly prominent on the upper surface, except for the midrib, sulcate, on the lower surface weakly evident, prominent. Inflorescences of simple thyrsi, color unknown; cymulae of solitary spikes to more frequently geminate, rarely in groups of 3-4, spike (6.5–) 7–15 cm long; bracts deciduous, not seen; peduncle (0.8–) 1.1–2 cm long, very densely ferruginous-pulverulent, glabrescent after fruiting, subcylindrical to flattened; rachis densely ferruginous-pulverulent, very sparsely yellow-pubescent, glabrescent after fruiting, ca. 1.5 mm thick. Flowers monoclinous and diclinous (only staminate flowers observed), pale green; calyx campanulate, toothed, densely yellow-pubescent, ca. 1 mm long, light green; corolla campanulate, 2.5–3 mm long, petals fused up to 1/2 of its length, yellow-pubescent, more sparsely at the tube, color unknown, lobes acute, erect; stamens 4.5–5.5 mm long, filaments white to rarely pinkish, anthers ca. 0.5 mm long, vinaceous, nectaries stipitate, conspicuous fold present at the dorsal side of the anthers, only beyond the insertion of the filaments, the same color as the anthers; ovary glabrous, subsessile to shortly stipitate, stigma porate; prophylls early deciduous, ca. 0.5 mm long, shell-shaped, yellow-pubescent. Fruit sessile, nucoid legume, straight to more frequently slightly curved, apex rounded, usually apiculate, base rounded to acute, sometimes attenuate, flat-compressed to rarely subturgid, seeds prominent and evident, the edges thick, 8.2–16.5 × 1.6–2.2 cm, valves subcoriaceous to coriaceous, dark brown, reddish, ferruginous-pulverulent and glabrescent in immature fruits, mature fruits usually glossy. Seeds (5–)8–15, not seen.

Vernacular names: — Juerana, Barbatimão, Angico Rosa, Cana-fístula.

Etymology: —The name of this new species refers to its distribution at the Atlantic coastal forest, which Martius (1858) called Dryades in his classification of the Brazilian floristic regions at Flora brasiliensis .

Remarks: —This new species is often found in herbarium collections named as S. polyphyllum - the arboreous habit and vegetative aspects are indeed very similar to this species, though with longer petioles, velutinous blades on both surfaces and a very evident unilateral tuft of trichomes on the lower surface. The series of mistakes that led to the recognition of these samples as S. polyphyllum begun in Flora brasiliensis , when Bentham (1876) used a specimen with unusual characteristics collected at Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro state, by Gardner (Gardner 364) when describing the type variety of S. polyphyllum . Several duplicates of this collection in different European herbaria were analyzed, and they showed different collection dates and different references in respect to habitat, the one found at BM reading “places with shrubby vegetation”. The duplicates found at K had the typical fruits of S. dryaticum , but the flowers of S. polyphyllum , described as reddish and glabrous. However, the sheet that carries the flowering branch shows a different collection date, and most probably it is a case of mixed samples. Since then, several specimens collected at the mountains of Rio de Janeiro state have been treated as S. polyphyllum , despite showing very distinctive features regarding extrafloral nectaries of the rachis and rachillae, indumentum of flowers and fruit type ( Table 2 ) when compared to the type specimen of this species.

Distribution and habitat: —This species occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, known from Espírito Santo to the north coast of São Paulo state. Most samples were gathered in Rio de Janeiro state, usually on forested slopes (rarely in secondary forest). The only specimen registered in Espírito Santo was collected in the forest near the entrance of the municipality of Domingos Martins, an area heavily subjected to anthropic disturbances, reducing the forest areas to small fragments.

Conservation:—Least Concern (LC) [AOO= 48.000 km 2, EOO= 41,718.640 km 2].

Phenology: —Specimens of this taxon were collected with flowers throughout the year, except in February, June and August; specimens with fruits were collected from March to June and December.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Rodovia BR 262, próximo à entrada da cidade, 06 December 1984, fl., G. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 48675 ( MBM, RB) . Domingos Martins , 23 May 1993, fr., J.M.L. Gomes 1897 ( VIES, 2 sheets) . Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, Praia do Manduri , 23°02’S, 44°38’W, 17 November 1993, fl., M.T.Z. Toniatto et al. 30163 ( UEC) . Itatiaia, P.N. do Itatiaia , km 4 e 5 da estrada, 13 September 1974, fl., P. Occhioni 6198 ( RFA) . Itatiaia, P.N. do Itatiaia , km 6 e 7, subida para o parque, 14 September 1979, fl., P. Occhioni & E.M.O. Martins 6191 ( RFA) . Itatiaia, P.N. do Itatiaia , estrada principal km 5–6, 11 March 1975, fr., P. Occhioni 7041 ( RB) . Itatiaia, Benfica , 1918, fl./fr., C. Porto s.n. ( RB 10407 ) . Nova Friburgo , 24 January 1881, fl., Glaziou s.n. ( RB 43905 ) . Nova Iguaçu, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá , levantamento fitossociológico, indivíduo 373, parcela 17, 22 May 1994, sterile, collector unknown s.n. ( RB 363846) . Nova Iguaçu, Mata do Moacir , 10 April 1996, fl., P.R. Farag et al. 222 ( RB) . Parati, Morro das Laranjeiras, acesso pela Rio Santos , lado esquerdo da estrada em direção à São Paulo, APA Cairuçu , 125m, 16 March 1993, fr., E.A. Filho & J. Caruso 131 ( RB) . Parati, APA Cairuçu, Trilha de Ponta Negra para Cairuçu das Pedras, 500 m, 11 May 1991, fr., L. Sylvestre et al. 535 ( RB) . Parati, Mamanguá, na beira da mata para Praia do Sono , 21 November 1989, fr., M.C. Marques 154 ( RB) . Parati, Morro das Carneiras , acesso pela BR 101, lado esquerdo em direção à São Paulo, APA Cairuçu , 18 March 1993, im. fr., M.C. Marques et al. 377 ( RB) . Parati, APA Cairuçu, Córrego dos Micos, Morro Pedra Rolada , 120–500 m, 19 October 1993, fl., R. Marquete 1237 ( RB) . Parati, APA Cairuçu, Trilha de Ponta Negra para Cairuçu das Pedras, 12 April 1994, fr., R. Marquete 1595 ( RB) . Parati, Praia Negra, Picada para o Morro do Cambucá , 100–540 m, 23 March 1992, im. fr., C. Farney et al. 3096 ( RB) . Petrópolis , January 1959, fl., P. Occhioni 1587 ( RFA) . Rio de Janeiro, Cantagallo , 1861, fl., Peckolt 596 ( BR) . Rio de Janeiro, Cantagalo, Mata do Cambucá , 15 December 1967, fl., L. Emygdio 2582 ( RB) . Rio de Janeiro, Cantagallo , s.d., fl., Peckolt 15 ( W) . Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica de poço das Antas, caminho da Faz. Portuense, s.d., fr., H.C. Lima & G. Martinelli 1716 ( RB) . Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas , 22°30– 22°33’S, 42°15’– 42°19’W, 06 October 1993, fl., C.M.B. Correia et al. 359 ( RFA) . Teresópolis, Parque Serrano , 15 December 1979, fr., H.C. Lima et al. 1180 ( RB) . Teresópolis , s.d., sterile, Schwacke 4876 ( RB) . Magdalena , October 1934, fl./fr., S. Lima 267 ( RB) . Orgains Mountains (Serra dos Órgãos), 3000 ft, March 1838, May 1837 or July 1837, fl., G. Gardner 364 ( BM, G, K, W) . São Paulo: Ubatuba, Trilha do Camburi, km 01 da Rodovia Rio / Santos , 14 April 1994, fr., A. Furlan et al. 1372 ( HRCB, SP) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Stryphnodendron dryaticum Scalon. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaflet (adaxial side). C. Leaflet (abaxial side). D. Detail of petiole with extrafloral nectary. E. Detail of rachilla with extrafloral nectary and pinnula. F. Flower. G. Detail of the flower´s indument. H. Anther (dorsal view). I. Open flower exposing the pistil. J. Detail of branch with mature fruit.