Arganthomyza vittipennis ( Walker, 1857 ) Roháćek & Barber, 2016

Roháćek, Jindřich & Barber, Kevin N., 2016, Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 56, pp. 1-412 : 66-78

Arganthomyza vittipennis ( Walker, 1857) comb. nov.

( Figs 85–105 )

Tachydromia vittipennis Walker, 1857: 149 ; SMITH (1971): 367 (as synonym of Ischnomyia albicosta ).

Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel, 1911: 45 syn. nov.; MELANDER (1913): 292 (key); SABROSKY (1965): 819 (catalogue); ROHÁĆEK (1998a): 174 (checklist); MARSHALL (2006): 501; MARSHALL (2012): 495 (photograph, adult); ROHÁĆEK & TÓTHOVÁ (2014): 173–174 (relationships, photograph).

Ischnomyia vittata: CURRAN (1934) : 330 (misidentincation); CURRAN (1965): 330 (the same, wing, head illustration).

Type material. Tachydromia vittipennis Walker : LECTOTYPE: ♀ (designated herewith) labelled: “68,4”, “ V.S” (? Saunder’s handwriting), “ vittipennis Wlk ” (Walker’s handwriting, twice-folded label), “ Ischnomyia albicosta Walker , det. B. H. Cogan 1967, Type of Tachypeza [sic] vittipennis Walk. ”, “ LECTOTYPUS ♀ Tachydromia vittipennis Walker, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber des. 2013” (red) and “ Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker) ♀, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2013”. The specimen is somewhat mouldy (head in particular), with right wing twisted, torn and damaged, partly covering legs ( BMNH, intact, see Fig. 86 ).

Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel : HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled: “ Battle Creek , Mich.”, “ COTYPE Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel ” (red, handwritten except for printed COTYPE), “ Ischnomyia spinosa Hend., Typ ” (? Hendel’s handwriting), “ALMelander Collection 1961” and “ HOLOTYPUS ♀ Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber des. 2013” (red) and “ Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker) ♀, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2013”. The specimen is in good condition, with only 1st nagellomere of right antenna lost ( USNM, intact, see Fig. 87 ).

Other material examined. CANADA: NOVA SCOTIA: Jordan Falls, 9.viii.1958, 1 ♂; Truro, 14.vii.1983, 1 ♂, both J. R. Vockeroth leg. (both CNCI). ONTARIO: Belfountain, 5.ix.1982, 1 ♀, 11.ix.1982, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Bothwell, 13.vii.1962, 1 ♀, S. M. Clark leg. ( CNCI); Bruce Co., Dunks Bay, 45°14.8'N 81°38.5'W, sweeps, trailside veg. in hardwood forest, 30.vii.1997, 1 ♂; same locality but sweeps, trailside veg. in mixed forest, 45°14.8'N 81°38.5'W, 31.vii.1997, 2 ♀♀, 45°14.8'N 81°33.5'W, 4.vii.1998, 1 ♀, 45°14.8'N 81°38.1'W, 3.vii.1999, 1 ♀; Bruce Peninsula Nat. Pk., Cameron Lake Rd., 45°12.5'N 81°33.5'W, sweeps, grasses in trail, 30.vii.1997, 1 ♀, sweeps, trailside veg./ grasses, mixed forest, 4.vii.1998, 1 ♂; same locality but 45°12.7'N 81°33.0'W, sweeps, roadside vegetation, 5.vii.1998, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Bruce Peninsula Nat.Pk., Emmett Lake, 45°13.5'N 81°28.2'W, sweeps, mostly graminoids, open area under Acer / Quercus , 2.vii.1999, 9 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg.; Bruce Peninsula Nat. Pk., Emmett Lake Rd., 45°13'N 81°28'W, clearing, hardwoods, 2.vii.1999, 3 ♀♀, S. A. Marshall leg. (all DEBU); Bruce Co., Scone, North Saugeen River, riparian sweep, 17.vii.2004, 1 ♀, M. Buck leg. ( DEBU 00298430); Burlington, Royal Botanical Gardens, sweeps, trailside vegetation in mixed hardwood, 43°17.8'N 79°52.6'W, 16.vii.2002, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ ( DEBU); same locality and data but 43°17.78'N 79°52.61'W, 6.ix.2005, 1 ♀, 10.vi.2007, 1 ♀; same locality but 43°17.79'N 79°52.61'W, trailside sweeps, mostly Carex , Fragaria , Solidago , 27.vii.2003, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (all CNCI), all K. N. Barber leg.; Calabogie, “shde” sweeps, 27.vi.2001, 1 ♀, P. Dollin leg. ( DEBU); Cootes Paradise nr. Dundas, sweeping undergrowth of deciduous forest, 20.viii.1994, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. ( SMOC); Dundas, 25.vi.1980, 1 ♂, D. L. Krailo leg., 7.vii.1983, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); ~ 4 km E Echo Bay, Hwy #638, 46°29.2'N 84°01.0'W, sweeps, mostly Aster [ Eurybia ] in mixed forest, 24.viii.2002, 7 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI); Fairbank P. Pk., Wa-shai-ga-mog Trail, 46°28.11'N 81°26.19'W, sweeps, Clintonia , ferns, Maianthemum , under Acer / Abies , 5.ix.2009, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU 01502394); 7 mi E Grifnth, 11.vii.1990, 2 ♂♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); University of Guelph, dairy bush, on leaves, 2.viii.1996, 2 ♀♀, S. Marshall leg. ( DEBU); Kelly Lake, 21.viii.1923, 1 ♀, Parish leg. ( USNM); Manitoulin Is., 0.7 km N, Michael’s Bay Pk., 45°36.4'N 82°06.1'W, sweeps, low veg. in mixed wood, 5.vii.1998, 3 ♀♀, 4.vii.1999, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ genit. prep.); Manitoulin Is., Carter Bay, 45°36.3'N 82°08.5'W, sweeps, Pearly Everlasting [ Anaphalis margaritacea ], 30.vi.1999, 2 ♂♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Marmora, 18.viii.1952, 1 ♀, J. F. McAlpine leg.; Merivale, 22.viii.1932, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), L. J. Milne leg., 20.vi.1957, 1 ♂, J. G. Chillcott leg.; 2 mi N Metcalfe, 22.ix.1982, 1 ♀, B. E. Cooper leg. (all CNCI); Ottawa, 22.vi.1963, 1 ♀, 13.vii.1963, 1 ♀, 6.vii.1963, 1 ♂; Ottawa, Black Rapids, 28.vi.1958, 1 ♀, 28.vi.1959, 1 ♂; Ottawa, Mer Bleue, 25.vi.1964, 1 ♂, all J. R. Vockeroth leg.; 5 mi E Ottawa, Mer Bleue, Malaise trap, 2.ix.1963, 1 ♂, D. D. Munroe (all CNCI); Pinery Prov. Pk., Grand Bend, 6.vii.1983, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Lambton Co., Port Franks,Watson property near L-lake, 13.vi.1996, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Skevington leg. ( DEBU, ♂ missing abdomen); Ridgeway, “9-5”.1908, 1 ♀, M. C. Van Duzee leg. ( CASC); Rondeau Pk., 29.vi.1962, 1 ♀, S. M. Clark leg. ( CNCI); Rondeau Prov. Pk., sweeps, mature forest, 31.viii.1979, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 1.ix.1979, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, L. Masner leg., 26.vi.1985, 3 ♀♀, S. A. Marshall leg.; Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail, 26.vi.1985, 11 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (all DEBU); S[ault] S[ainte] Marie, S. of Algoma U[niversity] College, 46°29.9'N 84°17.2'W, sweeps, Calamagrostis canadensis under Populus / Betula , 23.vii.1997, 1 ♂, sweeps, low veg. under Populus / Betula , 3.viii.1997, 1 ♀, sweeps, graminoids under Populus / Betula , 11.vii.1997, 1 ♀; same locality but 46°29.82'N 84°17.17'W, sweeps, mostly graminoids/ Impatiens under canopy, 21.viii.2004, 2 ♂♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Baseline Rd., 46°31.40'N 84°24.40'W, sweeps, Aster [ Doellingeria ], Rubus , Equisetum , Carex , ferns under aspen, 22.vi.2005, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ ( LACM), 25.vi.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ ( CNCI), 26.vi.2005, 3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ ( USNM), 8.vii.2005, 1 ♀, 10.vii.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 14.vii.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 16.vii.2005, 10 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (1 ♂ wing illustration), 18.vii.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 22.vii.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 27.vii.2005, 2 ♂♂, 29.vii.2005, 3 ♂♂, 6.viii.2005, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 8.viii.2005, 1 ♀, 23.viii.2011, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 28.viii.2011, 1 ♂, 5.ix.2011, 1 ♀ ( CNCI), 27.vii.2012, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ ( CASC), 29.vii.2012, 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ ( AMNH), 24.viii.2013, 2 ♀♀, 28.vi.2014, 1 ♂, sweeps, Thalictrum , Rubus , Equisetum , Carex , ferns under aspen, 16.vii.2005, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, Aster [ Doellingeria ], Rubus , graminoids under aspen, 19.vii.2006, 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly ferns under aspen, 27.vii.2012, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ ( CNCI), 28.vii.2012, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ ( NMPC), 29.vii.2012, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ ( LEMQ), all K. N. Barber leg.; same locality but sweeping, Aster [ Doellingeria ], Rubus , Equisetum , Carex , Clematis , ferns under aspen ( Populus ), 7.vii.2010, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep.), 12.vii.2010, 5 ♂♂, J. Roháček leg. ( SMOC); S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Birchwood Pk., mixed forest, 28.vi.1986, 2 ♀♀, 1.vii.1986, 3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, 5. vii.1986, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 6.vii.1986, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 26.vii.1986, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27.vii.1986, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 19.ix.1986, 1 ♂; same locality but 46°30.7'N 84°15.6'W, sweeps, mostly fern, Aralia , Impatiens , dewberry, grass under Betula / Acer , 30.viii.1997, 1 ♂, 1.ix.1997, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Aralia , fern, Impatiens , dewberry, grass, under Betula / Acer , 30.viii.1997, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, low veg. under Betula / Acer , 1.ix.1997, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 4.ix.1997, 3 ♂♂, sweeps, trailside Impatiens , fern, raspberry, grass under Betula / Acer , 1.ix.1997, 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), 4.ix.1997, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Impatiens , under Betula / Acer , 19.vi.1998, 2 ♀♀, 20.vi.1998, 1 ♂, sweeps, including Impatiens , under Betula / Acer , 19.vi.1998, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 20.vi.1998, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, sweeps, graminoids, Impatiens , Aster [ Doellingeria ], ferns, under Betula / Acer , 15.ix.2004, 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Rubus under Betula / Acer , 19.vi.2005, 1 ♂; same locality but 46°30.67'N 84°15.63'W, sweeps, Impatiens , Aster [ Doellingeria ], under Betula / Acer , 11.ix.2011, 1 ♂, sweeps, Rubus , Aralia , graminoids, ferns, under Betula / Acer , 29.vi.2008, 2 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Bristol Pl[ace] Pk., 46°30.8'N 84°16.6'W, sweeps, pathside Impatiens / sedge under Betula / Populus , 16.vii.1998, 1 ♀, sweeps, veg. under Betula / Populus , 26.vi.2002, 1 ♀, sweeps, Rubus , graminoids, ferns under Populus , 23.vii.2005, 3 ♀♀, sweeps, Phalaris , Carex , Impatiens under Populus , 12.vii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same locality but 46°30.77'N 84°16.66'W, sweeps, Impatiens , Clematis , Equisetum , Rubus , ferns, Phalaris , 29.vi.2008, 1 ♂, 4.vii.2008, 1 ♂, 9.vii.2008, 1 ♂, 8.ix.2009, 1 ♀ (all CNCI), 27.vii.2009, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ ( INHS), sweeps, trailside vegetation, 25.ix.2008, 1 ♂ ( CNCI), all K. N. Barber leg.; same locality but sweeping Impatiens mixed with Clematis , Equisetum , Rubus , ferns, Phalaris , 7.vii.2010, 10 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. ( SMOC, some photographed, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ used for molecular work); S[ault] S[ainte] Marie, Centennial Dr[ive] Pk., 46°30.2'N 84°16.0'W, sweeps, low veg.under Populus / Betula , 1.ix.1997, 1 ♀; S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Finn Hill, 46°31.6'N 84°17.4'W, sweeps, graminoids in wet area under Populus , 1.vii.2002, 1 ♀, sweeps, Rubus , Ribes , ferns, under Populus , 6.vii.2002, 1 ♂; same locality but 46°31.9'N 84°17.6'W, sweeps, Aster [ Eurybia ], Rubus , Ribes , ferns, graminoids, 7.vii.2002, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (incl. pair in copula), 11.vii.2002, 1 ♂, 10.viii.2002, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀; same locality but sweeps, mostly Aster [ Eurybia macrophyllus ], used in lab-rearing [various dates of death in culture], 10–15.viii.2002, 8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀; Lab-reared, Aster [ Eurybia ] macrophyllus , from 8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ [collection data from above plus additional rearing data], 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ [each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule], lab-reared, Carex / Phalaris , from 8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ [collection data from above plus additional rearing data], 1 ♂ [with empty puparium in gelatin capsule], all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Finn Hill, 46°31.63'N 84°17.43'W, sweeps, Impatiens , ferns, Carex gynandra , 8.vii.2006, 1 ♀, 15.vii.2006, 1 ♂; same locality but 46°31.64'N 84°17.40'W, sweeps, mostly Calamagrostis , Rubus , Aster [ Eurybia ] under Populus , 17.viii.2003, 3 ♂♂; same locality but 46°31.57'N 84°17.41'W, sweeps, mostly Aster [ Eurybia ], ferns, graminoids under canopy, 19.ix.2004, 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Ft. Creek Cons[ervation] Area, 46°32.5'N 84°20.8'W, sweeps, low veg. in mixed forest, 9.viii.1997, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, sweeps, low veg. under mixed canopy, 8.vii.1998, 1 ♀; S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Sault Coll[ege] Outdoor Lab, 46°32.1'N 84°18.2'W, sweeps, mostly Impatiens under Acer / Betula , 18.vi.1998, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, sweeps, low veg. under Acer / Betula , 18.vi.1998, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Stittsville, 19.viii.1968, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg.( CNCI 1 ♂ 1 ♀, SMOC 1 ♀). QUEBEC: Bouchette, Lac Roddick, 12.ix.1982, 2 ♂♂, L. Huggert leg. ( MZLU); Gatineau Park, 45°34'N 75°57'W, 28.vi.1995, 1 ♂, E. Ikeda leg. ( LEMQ); Knowlton Ldg., 18.vii.1968, 1 ♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); Lac Roddick, 16 km S Maniwaki, 22.vi.1991, 3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, M. Barták leg. ( MBPC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ headless, genit.prep.); Masham Twp., 21.vii.1995, 1 ♂, B. Ikeda leg.; Meach [sic Meech] Lake, 30.vi.1950, 1 ♂, G. E. Shewell leg. (both CNCI); Mont-St.-Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, Pain de Sucre Trail, sweep at brook, 27.vi.2001, 1 ♀, M. Pollet leg. ( LEMQ 0040537); Old Chelsea, 21.vii.1959, 1 ♀ ( SMOC), 5.ix.1963, 1 ♂ ( CNCI), J. R. Vockeroth leg.; Old Chelsea, King Mt., 21.v.1963, 1 ♂, J. G. Chillcott leg. ( CNCI); Roddick Lake, pan traps, 1–15.viii.1982, 1 ♀, L. Huggert leg. ( MZLU); Vaudreuil Co., 1 ♀, [no date, no collector] ( BMNH); Wakeneld, 26.vi.1946, 2 ♂♂ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), 9.vii.1946, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (♀ missing abdomen, 1 wing, hind legs), G. E. Shewell leg. ( CNCI); ZEC [Zone d’Exploitation Contrôlée] de Rapides-des-Joachims, 46°15.41'N 77°42.38'W, sweeps, riparian ferns, graminoids, 30.vii.2006, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: INDIANA: Lafayette, 17.vi.1922, 1 ♂, E. W. Stafford leg. ( MEMU); Turkey Run, 27.vi.1933, 1 ♀, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM). MARYLAND: Cabin John, 20.vi.1931, 2 ♀♀, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM); Glen Echo, 22.viii.1922, 1 ♂, [no collector] ( USNM, headless). MASSACHUSETTS: Catoctin, Mt. Park, Owen’s Creek, 15.vi.1991, 1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, M. Barták leg. ( MBPC); Franklin Co., ~0.5 km E Farley, 42°36.16'N 72°25.94'W, sweeps, asters, ferns, Impatiens , Rubus , under canopy, 26.vii.2006, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI); Petersham, 30.vii.1926, 1 ♂, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM). MICHIGAN: Battle Creek, [no date], 1 ♀, J. M. Aldrich leg. ( USNM); Cheboygan Co., 10.vii.1941, 2 ♀♀ ( SEMC 1 ♀, USNM 1 ♀), 24.vii.1941, 1 ♀ ( SEMC), R. Sailer leg., 18.vii.1943, 1 ♀, C. W.Sabrosky leg. ( USNM); Lapeer Co., Deerneld Twp., 4.vii.1937, 1 ♀; Detroit, 20.vi.1940, 1 ♂, 7.vii.1944, 1 ♀, all G. Steyskal leg.; Saginaw Co., 18.vi.1952, 1 ♂; Midland Co., 15.vii.1952, 1 ♀, both R. R. Dreisbach leg. (all USNM). MINNESOTA: Itasca State Park, 3.vii.1952, 1 ♂, H. Spieth leg. ( AMNH); Olmsted Co., [no date], 1 ♂ 1 ♀, C. N Ainslie leg. ( CNCI, single pin). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Franconia, [no date], 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Mrs. A. T. Slosson leg. ( AMNH Ac.26266, ♂ with det. as Ischnomyia vittula ), 1 ♀, Mrs. Slosson leg., 1 ♀ (with det. as Ischnomyia vittula ), [Mrs. Slosson leg.?] ( USNM). NEW JERSEY: Dover, 4. viii.1926, 1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. ( USNM). NEW YORK: Bear Mt., 8.vi.1918, 1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. ( USNM); Gowanda, 8.vi.1913, 1 ♂ (genit. prep.), 13.vi.1913, 1 ♀ (headless), 14.vi.1913, 1 ♀; Hamburg, 10.viii.1912, 1 ♀ (missing abdomen, with det. as Ischnomyia albicosta ), all M. C. Van Duzee leg. (all CASC); Ithaca, [-]. vii.1902, 1 ♀, [no collector] ( AMNH); Ithaca, Six Mile, 24.vii.1958, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, D. F. Beneway leg. ( SEMC); Millwood, 21. vi.1936, 2 ♀♀ (single pin); Poughkeepsie, 6.vii.1936, 2 ♀♀ (single pin), 7.vii.1936, 1 ♀ (triple mount (single pin) with 1 ♂ 1 ♀ Ischnomyia albicosta ), all H. K Townes leg. (all USNM); Tompkins Co., Salmon Creek, 16.vi.1981, 1 ♂, D. J. Bickel leg. ( CNCI); Tuxedo, [-]. viii.1928, 1 ♀, F. W.Edwards leg. ( BMNH). NORTH CAROLINA: Haywood Co., GSMNP [Great Smoky Mountains National Park], Purchase Knob, 17S 312178E 3939620N, 1463 m, forest edge, hillside between house & Ferguson Cabin, 11.vi.2008, 1 ♂, B. J. Sinclair leg.; Jackson, Co., Cherokee, 2000', 25.vii.1957, 1 ♂, J. G. Chillcott leg. (both CNCI); Cherokee, 2000', 24.v.1957, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, W. R. M. Mason leg. ( CNCI 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, SMOC 1 ♂); Highlands, 3800', 3.vi.1957, 1 ♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI, genit. prep.); Mitchell Co., Penland, 3000', 19.vi.1957, 1 ♂, G. Steyskal leg. ( USNM). OHIO: Franklin Co., “O[hio].”, 5.vii.1952, 1 ♀, H. V. Weems, Jr. leg. ( USNM). PENNSYLVANIA: Dubois, 3.ix.1927, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM 1 ♂ 1 ♀, SMOC 1 ♂ 1 ♀); Spring Br., DDT experiment, 27.vi.1945, 3 ♀♀, [no collector] ( USNM, 1 ♀ with det. as Ischnomyia vittata ). TENNESSEE: Great Smoky Mts. Nat. Pk., Chimneys, 20.vi.1941, 1 ♀ (headless), 30.vi.1941, 1 ♀, A. L. Melander leg.; same locality but Chimneys Camp, 11.vi.1946, 1 ♂, G. Steyskal leg. (all USNM); Great Smoky Mts. Nat. Pk., Whiteoak Sink near Schoolhouse Gap, 35°38'04"N 83°44'51"W, 2.vi.2001, 3 ♀♀, J. M. Cumming leg. ( CNCI). VIRGINIA: Giles Co., Cold Spring, #114, Va.hwy. 700, 3450', 2.vii.1975, 1 ♂, G.W. Byers leg.( SEMC); Shenandoah Nat. Pk., Big Meadows, 30–31.vii.1980, 1 ♂, A. E. Stubbs leg. ( BMNH), 14.vi.1982, 1 ♂, H. Goulet leg. ( DEBU); Shenandoah Nat. Pk., mi.65–100, sweeps, 29.v.1979, 1 ♀, M. J. Sharkey leg. ( DEBU); Shenandoah Nat. Pk., Thornton Gap, 28.vii.1980, 1 ♀, A. E. Stubbs leg. ( BMNH). WEST VIRGINIA: Greenbrier Co., # 2, 1 mi S Organ Cave, 2200', 1.vii.1967, 1 ♀, G. W. Byers leg. ( SEMC, right wing on point). WISCONSIN: Polk Co., [-].vii.[-], Baker leg., 1 ♀ ( USNM), 2 ♀♀ ( LACM ENT 329105, -06 headless).

Redescription. Male. Total body length 2.48–3.18 mm; body largely blackish brown and sparsely grey microtomentose, subshining to shining, with only small parts of head, thorax and all extremities yellow ( Figs 87–89 ). Head blackish brown with only anterior parts yellow to ochreous, slightly higher than long, rounded anteriorly in pronle ( Fig. 89 ). Occiput dorsomedially concave, blackish brown except for brown ventral marginal area, sparsely grey microtomentose and, particularly in dorsal half, shining. Frons largely microtomentose, subshining to dull, bicolourous, yellow to ochreous in anterior half, blackish brown posteriorly, including ocellar triangle and most of frontal triangle. Frontal triangle with anterior corner tapered, acute and yellowish ochreous; its silvery glittering side-lines surrounded by narrow dull brown stripes meeting anteriorly; posterior corners of frontal triangle bare and lustrous. Orbit anteriorly (up to posterior ors) yellow to ochreous and sparsely silvery white microtomentose; its posterior part blackish brown and polished. A silvery white microtomentose spot or stripe (characteristic of Arganthomyza spp.) between posterior part of orbit and frontal triangle very reduced, forming only a nne line and often hardly visible. Rest of frons (between anterior corner of frontal triangle and orbits) yellow to orange ochreous (posteriorly) and dull. Frontal triangle longer than in most relatives, reaching to anterior sixth of frons. Frontal lunule reduced, very narrow, dirty yellow. Face narrow, medially concave, dirty yellowish white, whitish microtomentose and dull; border line separating it from parafacialia pale brown to brown (ventrally). Parafacialia and gena white, densely silvery white microtomentose; ventral marginal stripe of gena brown and nne. Postgena pale brown to brown. Mouthparts dirty yellowish white but palpus, clypeus and prementum yellowish brown to brown. Cephalic chaetotaxy: pvt nne but comparatively long (subequal to anterior ors) and strongly crossed; vti and oc very long, longest of cephalic setae; vte and posterior ors distinctly shorter; 2 ors (situated relatively close each to other), anterior distinctly shorter (often less than half) than posterior; only 1 microsetula in front of the anterior ors; 2 pairs of medial microsetulae in anterior part of frons; 1(–2) proclinate setula(e) behind vte; postocular setulae (about 6) relatively short, in single row; 1 nne but long vi (about as long as posterior ors); subvibrissa distinct but weak, markedly nner and shorter (often less than half) than vi; 6–7 nne peristomal setulae, the foremost usually longer. Palpus very slender, ochreous to pale brown, with 1 nne dark preapical seta (shorter and nner than subvibrissa) and 7–8 brownish ventral setulae. Eye large, broadly subovoid, with longest diameter slightly oblique, less than 1.2 times as long as shortest. Genal shortest height about 0.09 times as long as shortest eye diameter. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow; 1st nagellomere ( Fig. 89 ) yellowish white to white, but brownish around base of arista (particularly dorsally), with moderately long white pilosity. Arista dark brown, with thickened basal segment, about 1.8 times as long as antenna, with cilia brown, relatively sparse and as long as those on apex of 1st nagellomere.

Thorax slightly narrower than head, largely blackish brown to brown, only sternopleuron ventrally to stpl setae ochreous to yellow. Most of thorax distinctly grey microtomentose and subshining, only mesopleuron and partly also pteropleuron bare and lustrous ( Fig. 87 ). Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 hu (slightly longer than posterior npl); 2 npl (anterior longer, but shorter than prs); 1 long prs (about as long as or shorter than anterior dc); 1 long sa (as long as prs); 1 pa (markedly shorter than sa); 2 very long postsutural dc (posterior longest of thoracic setae, anterior usually slightly longer than prs) and 4–5 dc microsetae in front of them; ac microsetae entirely lacking; 2 sc, laterobasal reduced, hair-like and markedly shorter than posterior npl, apical long and robust, almost as long as posterior dc; 1 ppl reduced to microseta; 2 long stpl, anterior distinctly shorter, weaker and pale-pigmented, posterior shorter than prs; 4–5 upcurved pale setulae below them and regularly 1 additional setula in front of anterior stpl; ventral part of sternopleuron with 3–4 longer pale setae. Scutellum rounded triangular, slightly convex dorsally. Legs yellow to light yellow, only terminal segments of tarsi or their distal half brown or pale brown (darkest on fore, lightest on hind tarsi). f 1 with strong black ctenidial spine distinctly longer than maximum width of t 1, with a posteroventral row of paler long nne setae proximally to the latter and with yet longer row of posterodorsal (somewhat shorter) setae. f 3 with usual row of posteroventral setae, 10–13 on distal half (in distal third markedly denser) short, spine-like and thickened; t 2 with rather short (slightly longer than maximum width of tibia) ventroapical seta. Fore basitarsus with 2 longer pale hair-like proximoventral setulae; mid basitarsus with 2, hind basitarsus with 2–3 short, thick and dark setae. f 2, t 1 and t 3 simply setulose. Wing ( Fig. 85 ) with pattern similar to that of Ischnomyia albicosta ( Walker, 1849) , thus having a broad whitish hyaline band along C and R 2+3, a dark brown distally dilated middle band, and a pale (whitish ochreous) posterior marginal area widely bordering all remaining posterior veins (not including bm), and posterodistal margin behind apex of vein M. However, its wing is differently shaped (widest more proximally), it lacks the longitudinal pale narrow stripe between R 4+5 and M, and it has cell dm and the surrounding area completely brown. C with short but distinct spinulae between hairs; R 2+3 long, sinuous but less strongly than that of I. albicosta , thus more parallel to C although subterminally somewhat removed from C and apically upcurved to it. Vein r-m situated in about the middle of dm cell; distal portion of CuA 1 shorter than dm-cu and almost reaching wing margin; A 1 short, ending far from it. Alula small and narrow but anal lobe larger than in I. albicosta . Wing measurements: length 2.38–2.90 mm, width 0.67–0.91 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.25–1.38, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.38–2.68. Haltere brown, stem usually paler than knob.

Abdomen with terga and sterna largely dark brown, sparsely pale grey microtomentose and relatively shining; lateral part of T2–T5 almost lustrous because of reduced microtomentum. T1 (distinctly paler brown) and T2 almost separate, only laterally partly fused. T3–T5 subequal, broad, bent onto ventral side of abdomen and sparsely setose. Preabdominal sterna (except for S1) well sclerotized, nnely setose, relatively large and broad, becoming larger (and wider) posteriorly; S1 short, transverse, bare, pale brown but with posterior dark brown transverse stripe. S2 as long as wide, S3 and S4 subequal in length, slightly transverse but S4 wider; S5 largest, widest and distinctly transverse, posteromedially with narrow shallow emargination surrounded (on both sides) by several longer setae. T6 short, transversely bandlike and bare but with large submedial part desclerotized and unpigmented so only small lateral pieces remain brown-pigmented. S6–S8 dark brown, dorsally fused. S6 and S7 as in other Arganthomyza species, each with 2 distinct setae; S8 long (as long as epandrium), setose in posterior two-thirds, similarly microtomentose to dorsomedial parts of preabdomina terga. S7 with microtomentum partly reduced and more shining.

Genitalia generally similar to those of species of the Arganthomyza duplex group. Epandrium ( Figs 90, 91 ) dark brown, shape similar to that of A. bivittata but narrower dorsally, densely setose, with 2 dorsolateral setae longer and more robust than others; basal and dorsomedial parts of epandrium glossy, devoid of microtomentum; anal nssure (dorsally) relatively narrow, often slightly asymmetrical and dorsally narrowed ( Fig. 90 ), with only small lateral notch (cf. Fig. 91 ). Cercus smaller than in relatives, pale-pigmented and nnely setose, with 2–3 longer apical and subapical setae. Medandrium ( Fig. 90 ) about as high as wide, dorsally narrowed and with well-developed dorsolateral corners. Gonostylus ( Figs 91, 97 ) paler brown than epandrium but with ochreous yellow apical part, distinctly different from that of all known Arganthomyza species due to tapered, almost digitiform (terminally blunt) and medially curved ( Fig. 90 ) apex, with micropubescence restricted to posterobasal half of outer side ( Fig. 97 ) and with most of long nne macrosetae on anterior inner side. Hypandrium ( Fig. 92 ) somewhat more slender than in relatives. Transandrium ( Fig. 94 ) and caudal process most similar to those of A. duplex ; caudal process simple, broad, nat and distally widened, becoming membranous and merged with basal membrane. Pregonite ( Fig. 92 ) distinctly different from those in relatives, more projecting ventrally, indistinctly separated (by desclerotized area) from hypandrium, carrying a single group of more (8–10) setae. Postgonite ( Fig. 92 ) relatively robust, sickle-shaped in lateral view, with only proximal narrow part darker, distal part pale, dilated and strongly posteriorly curved; proximal part of postgonite anteriorly with 1 small subbasal seta and 1 microseta in the middle; several grain-like sensilla are on its outer side. Basal membrane ( Figs 92, 94 ) differing from relatives by its large group of dense, pale, digitiform excrescences. Aedeagal part of folding apparatus with reduced armature ( Fig. 96 ), dorsally only with some nat, pale (almost unpigmented) tubercles, ventrally with usual nne striae. Connecting sclerite unusually strongly developed, heavily sclerotized and darkpigmented and associated with membranous lobe covered by nne pale spine-like excrescences ( Fig. 96 ). Phallapodeme with basal part dilated and relatively shortly forked ( Fig. 93 ), fulcrum as in relatives, and apex relatively large, bicuspidate with projecting corners. Aedeagus with small phallophore as in relatives ( Fig. 96 ) and larger distiphallus basally with internal elongate sclerites. Ventral sclerite connecting phallophore with ventrobasal sclerite of distiphallus of similar structure to that in A. duplex . Saccus of distiphallus distinctly smaller than in relatives, distally with rather numerous but very small hyaline rounded tubercles in membranous part; ventral and posterodorsal parts of saccus more or less sclerotized. Filum relatively robust, not dilated proximally, formed by 2 overlapping and partly fused ribbon-like sclerites ending in widened, several times curved and nat submembranous apex being distally split into 2 nat bent projections ( Figs 95, 96 ), without microspinulae. Ejacapodeme closely resembling that of A. duplex , with its digitiform projection with distinctly clubbed apex ( Fig. 96 ).

Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 2.78–3.65 mm. Face somewhat darker, pale ochreous brown; the dark brown marginal stripe on parafacialia and gena wider. Palpus, clypeus and prementum darker brown. 1st nagellomere more extensively brown-darkened, almost covering dorsal third of segment and also extended on its inner side. f 1 with ctenidial spine as in male but f 3 posteroventrally simply setulose. Wing measurements: length 2.98–3.50 mm, width 0.87–1.11 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.40–1.56, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.04–2.72. Abdomen with preabdominal terga more transverse. T1 distinctly shorter and narrower than T2. T2–T5 subequal in length, all sparsely and relatively shortly setose. Preabdominal sterna markedly narrower and slightly lighter brown than in male, nnely setose. S1 short, transverse, somewhat narrower than in male but with the same dark brown posterior transverse stripe; S2 square or slightly longer than broad; S3–S5 becoming larger and wider posteriorly, S3 and S4 about as long as wide or slightly longer than broad, of similar shape to S2, S5 largest, widest, slightly transverse (almost as wide as S6); S6 concolourous with preabdominal sterna.

Postabdomen ( Figs 98, 101 ) of medium length, basally wide, distally tapered, similar to that of A. duplex . T6 large and dark brown, concolourous with dorsal part of T7+S7, more densely setose than in relatives. S6 distinctly narrower than that in related species, narrower than T7+S7, as brown as S5, with longest setae at posterior margin. T7 and S7 completely fused to form annular tergosternum T7+S7; dorsally and laterally uniformly blackish brown and shining (as in relatives, cf. A. duplex but without pale anterior marginal band), and ventrally ( Fig. 101 ) somewhat longer, ochreous yellow with narrow medial microtomentose area and (in contrast to situation in relatives) without dark ledge-like anterior submarginal band; T7+S7 with longest setae ventrally at posterior margin. Membrane of 8th segment densely micropubescent. T8 brown, slightly transversely oblong (thus darker and wider than in relatives), with rounded posterior corners and some inconspicuous micropubescence in anterior third. S8 slightly shorter but not wider than T8, medially divided and forming 2 posterodorsally recurved and invaginated sclerites (see Figs 101, 105 ). Genital chamber ( Fig. 105 ) distally without additional sclerotization; proximally with usual internal sclerotization formed by 1 pair of simple, nat, crooked sclerites and 1 narrow, relatively long nattened annular sclerite ( Figs 103, 104 ) with posterior end strongly curved ventrally and anterior part distinctly widened. Ventral receptacle ( Fig. 102 ) slender and elongate, similar to those of relatives, with middle part curved and distinctly ringed, long terminal part slender, plain and sinuously curved but with apex simple, not twisted. Accessory gland hyaline, relatively small, on simple, distally widened duct. Spermathecae (1+1) of distinctive semispherical mushroom shape ( Figs 99, 100 ); its main part transversely striated with terminal invagination and narrow cylindrical base provided with a few blunt spines; spermathecal duct with cervix poorly differentiated. T10 small but dark-pigmented, rounded trapezoid, with reduced micropubescence and 1 pair of very long medial setae ( Figs 98, 105 ). S10 also small and relatively dark, not wider than T10, rounded pentagonal ( Fig. 101 ) and micropubescent in posterior two-thirds. Cercus brownish, of moderate length and relatively slender, with a number of nne setae, dorsopreapical and apical longest ( Fig. 105 ).

Discussion. Nomenclature and synonymy. SMITH (1971) incorrectly synonymized Tachydromia vittipennis Walker, 1857 with Ischnomyia albicosta ( Walker, 1849) on the basis of the misidentincation of B. H. Cogan (see type material above), who probably did not know I. spinosa Hendel, 1911 , and overlooked the distinct ctenidial spines on the fore femora that are not visible (in lateral view) in the type of T. vittipennis . Moreover, SMITH (1971: 367) treated this type specimen as the holotype male although it is a female (abdomen well preserved) and is to be considered a syntype because the number of specimens (and their sex) are not given in the very brief original description ( WALKER 1857). Therefore, the identity of T. vittipennis is nxed by the lectotype designation here, the species is removed from the synonymy of I. albicosta and placed in the genus Arganthomyza as the senior synonym of Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel, 1911 .

Because of the brown-patterned wings, A. vittipennis is an easily recognizable species of Arganthomyza . On the other hand, the wing ornamentation was the main reason why this species was considered a member of the genus Ischnomyia – the similarity of its wing pattern to that of Ischnomyia albicosta (the type species of the genus) is so great that nobody has hitherto doubted this generic afnliation. Only recently have analyses of molecular sequence data ( ROHÁĆEK & TÓTHOVÁ 2014: 173) and genitalic structures revealed that A. vittipennis (formerly usually treated as I. spinosa ) belongs to Arganthomyza and is probably allied to the clade formed by the A. duplex + A. socculata groups (sensu ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2013). All three groups are characterized by robust transverse striae of the spermatheca (cf. ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2013), and the A. duplex + A. socculata groups share the two synapomorphies of the aedeagal part of the folding apparatus with dark grain-like tubercles dorsally, and the female T7+S7 ventrally with a dark transverse ledge-like band. Interestingly, A. vittipennis shares two additional apomorphies with the A. duplex group, viz. the similarly formed (plain and nat) caudal process of the transandrium and the female spermatheca with the smaller basal and the larger terminal parts separated by a more or less distinct dark ring (reduced only in A. bivittata ). Two other apomorphies are also shared with the A. setiplanta group – the long frontal triangle and the short thickened setae on the hind basitarsus. Due to these (non-genitalic) characters, A. vittipennis seems to be intermediate between the A. setiplanta group and the clade A. duplex group + A. socculata group, but the molecular analysis ( ROHÁĆEK & TÓTHOVÁ 2014) clustered it unambiguously with the latter. This is further supported by dissimilar structures of the distiphallus and female internal genitalia (spermathecae, ventral receptacle, internal sclerites) in the A. setiplanta group and A. vittipennis .

Biology. As in other species of Arganthomyza , little is known of the biology of A. vittipennis . It has been collected at several of the same sites as the other three eastern species of Arganthomyza ( A. carbo , A. bivittata , and A. duplex ) as described above ( A. carbo – Biology), and particularly in Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie (Baseline Rd., Birchwood Pk., and Bristol Place Pk. sites), where all four species have been taken in close proximity to each other.

Attempts at rearing this species from> 400 eggs oviposited in the lab (8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀) on leaves of Eurybia macrophylla from 12 August to 7 September 2002 were generally unsuccessful. A single male emerged 1 November (pupariation date not determined) while two females were obtained after a cold treatment of larvae at 2°C from 9 December 2002 to 17 March 2003. Pupariation time for the two females was 17 days each at 20°C. The larval plates of wet sand and rotting leaves became infested with nematodes which may have contributed to the poor results. Concurrent rearings of lauxaniid nies ( Homoneura sp., unpublished data using similar techniques to those used for A. vittipennis ) from eggs found on neld-collected leaves of E. macrophylla yielded a single adult A. vittipennis which could represent a true neld collection and rearing of a wild A. vittipennis egg or an inadvertent transfer within the laboratory (see below). This adult male emerged 1 November 2002 at 20°C but the pupariation date was confounded. An additional puparium found within a larval plate of concurrent rearings of Stiphrosoma balteatum Roháček & Barber, 2005 that yielded an adult of A. vittipennis clearly represents an inadvertent transfer (larval A. vittipennis were found outside the large petri plates). This larva had been potentially exposed to three graminoids ( Phalaris , Calamagrostis , Carex ) and had pupariated 11 November during a holding period at 10°C since 4 November 2002. It was returned to 20°C on 21 November and the adult male emerged 5 December for a minimum pupariation period of 14 days (not knowing how much development might have taken place over 10 days at 10°C). Eurybia macrophylla was chosen as a candidate host because it was the dominant plant that the adults were swept from at the collection site (Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie – Finn Hill). Subsequent neld collections and observations over several years suggest that preferred host plants are more likely to be some other plant(s) growing under the canopy, including such candidates as ferns, horsetails or various angiosperms.

The capacity to develop from egg to adult on either a composite or a graminoid indicates at least a limited physiological adaptability that cautions against attempts to identify a specinc host from neld associations of adults alone. There may be a more generalized association with a microhabitat denned more by moisture and temperature (light exposure), which includes a relatively wide acceptance of plant stems or leaves(?) in the established and decomposing thatch layer. A more direct approach would include the collection of plant material from the neld (mid to late season) in an attempt to intercept larvae feeding in these components and rear them to adults (as did ROHÁĆEK 2009a; also see below under Anthomyza vockerothi sp. nov. and Anthomyza equiseti sp. nov.). Adults have been collected from 21 May (Quebec: Old Chelsea – King Mt.) to 22 September (Ontario: 2 mi N Metcalfe).

Distribution. Arganthomyza vittipennis is primarily a northeastern species. It is known from Nova Scotia to North Carolina in the east and Ontario to Minnesota in the north and west ( Canada: Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec; United States of America: Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin) (see Table 2). Previously, the species was recorded (all as I. spinosa ) from Canada: Ontario ( MARSHALL et al. 2001) and USA: Massachusetts ( JOHNSON 1925), Michigan ( HENDEL 1911, MELANDER 1913, SABROSKY 1965), and Vermont ( JOHNSON 1925; this record not connrmed by the material examined). SABROSKY’ S (1965) distributional range also explicitly references North Carolina, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin. As a visually distinctive species with spotty occurrences in collections, it is likely infrequently encountered in the neld.

Figures

Figs 84–85.Wings of the Nearctic species of Arganthomyza. 84 – A. carbo Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male, wing length 2.8 mm; 85 – A. vittipennis (Walker, 1857), male, wing length 2.6 mm (both Canada: Ontario). Photo by K. N. Barber. Fig. 84 adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Fig. 166).

Figs 86–89. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857). 86 – A. vittipennis, lectotype female, laterally; 87 – holotype female of Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel, 1911, laterally; 88 – living male of A. vittipennis on a leaf, body length ca. 2.8 mm; 89 – head and anterior part of thorax of male (both from Canada: Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie). Photo by J. Roháček (Figs 86–88) and M. Deml (Fig. 89).

Figs 90–97. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857), male (Canada: Ontario). 90 – external genitalia, caudally; 91 – the same, laterally; 92 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 93 – base of phallapodeme, dorsally; 94 – transandrium, caudally; 95 – apex of nlum, anteroventrally (widest extension); 96 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 97 – gonostylus, lateroventrally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 95, 97) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 98–105. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857), female (Canada: Ontario). 98 – postabdomen, dorsally; 99, 100 – spermathecae; 101 – postabdomen, ventrally; 102 – ventral receptacle, laterally; 103 – female internal sclerites, ventrally; 104 – the same, laterally; 105 – female genital chamber and apex of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 98, 101), 0.1 mm (Fig. 105) and 0.05 mm (others).