KEMPYNINAE Carpenter, 1943

Winterton, Shaun L., Martins, Caleb Califre, Makarkin, Vladimir, Ardila-Camacho, Adrian & Wang, Yongjie, 2019, Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera, Zootaxa 4581 (1), pp. 1-99 : 24-25

KEMPYNINAE Carpenter, 1943

(= Kalosmylinae Krüger, 1913a: 95. Type genus: Kalosmylus Krüger, 1913a: 96 )

Type genus. Kempynus Navás, 1912: 191 .

Diagnosis. Wings typically large with extensive contrasting markings; margin rounded or falcate posteriorly; antennae shorter than forewing length; prothorax length subequal to width, or slightly longer; trichosors present along most of wing margin; end-twigging extensive along much of posterior wing margin, often multi-layered; FW subcostal veinlets evenly and densely distributed along costal area, simple or irregularly forked, often extensively, sinuous, sometimes with secondary interlinking crossveins; single sc-r crossvein basally; RP1 originating near wing base in both wings, usually more than ten branches of RP, numerous crossveins in radial area with outer gradate series distinct (rarely absent), inner gradate series absent, RP branches sinuous in distal part of wing; FW medial fork in basal part of wing, beyond origin of RP1; FW CuA dichotomously or pectinately branched, extent of branching variable, usually with few branches, with numerous branches in some fossil genera; HW sigmoid crossvein 1r-m typically distinct; HW intramedial area between MA and MP usually expanded; HW CuA and CuP veins elongate and pectinately branched; FW A1 elongate and pectinately branched; male abdominal tergites 8 and 9 separate sclerites with paired eversible scent glands present in intersegmental membrane; male genitalia with gonarcus as broadly arched sclerite often with sparse setal pile; baculum absent; entoprocessus broad and subtriangular; parameres absent; female genitalia with sternite 8 large, concave and immediately posterior to sternite 7; female gonopophysis 9 large, often multilobed process; spermathecae small with short spermathecal duct; larvae generally dark, often with sclerites metallic-like.

Comments. Kempyninae comprise three extant genera and five extinct genera. They are typically large lance lacewings, with wings that are often falcate with dark mottled markings; some of the largest osmylids are in this subfamily. The enlarged area between hind wing MA and MP is usually composed of irregularly arranged crossveins interlinked with secondary crossveins, although this is most distinct in Kempynus and various fossil genera, and not so distinct in Euosmylus or some Australysmus . The radial area in the distal part of the wing is also typically sinuate. Characters such as the arrangement of the forewing medial fork in the basal part of the forewing and elongate pectinately branched hind wing CuP, as well as abdominal scent glands in the male are shared only with Osmylinae , reflecting the close relationship between these subfamilies (see Winterton et al., 2017). The wing venational characters do vary, making distinction between Kempyninae and Osmylinae difficult based on wing features only, especially in fossil taxa, but features in both the male and female genitalia are very distinct and support them strongly as separate groups. Larvae are associated with riparian habitats close to water edge, usually along montane streams. They are found in leaf litter and under rocks.

Genera included. Arbusella Khramov , Australysmus Kimmins , Cretosmylus Makarkin , Euporismites Tillyard in Tillyard & Dunstan , Euosmylus Krüger , Jurakempynus Wang et al. , Kempynosmylus Makarkin , Kempynus Navás, Ponomarenkius Khramov et al. , Sauktangida Khramov.