Aceria baccharidis ( Corti, 1917 )

Navia, Denise, Duarte, Mercia Elias & Flechtmann, Carlos H. W., 2021, Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Brazil: an annotated checklist, Zootaxa 4997 (1), pp. 1-152 : 14-27

Aceria baccharidis ( Corti, 1917) .

Type host. Baccharis salicifolia Nutt. (Asteraceae) .

Type locality. Cordoba , Argentina .

Relationship to host plants. Mites produce galls on leaves and stems.

Reports in Brazil. Author cited occurrence on ‘ Baccharis { schultzii Bak }’ ( Asteraceae ); probably there is a misspelling in the host plant name and authors referred to Baccharis schultzii Baker , presently referred as Baccharis lateralis Baker ( Flora do Brasil 2020): Nova Friburgo ( Tavares 1917), Rio de Janeiro.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes, in the North, Central-West and Southeast Regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Additional hot plant status. B. lateralis —native shrub, endemic, occurring in Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

021 * Aceria coussapoae Flechtmann & Moraes, 2002 b: 2 .

Type host. Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini. (Cecropiaceae) , presently referred as belonging to Urticaceae family ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Cananéia , São Paulo, Brazil (24°53’35”S, 47°50’14”W) .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on underside of leaves, causing no apparent symptoms ( Flechtmann & Moraes 2002b).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native tree or shrub, endemic, occurring in Caatinga , Cerrado , Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes ( Ribeiro & Gaglioti 2020) .

022 * Aceria dieckmanni ( Corti, 1910) : 91. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 41).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. unknown.

Type locality. São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Causing numerous galls distributed along the entire upper leaf blade; galls are subspheroidal in shape, around 1 mm in diameter, in groups varying from 2 to 10; lower leaf surface opposite to the galls with irregular depressions and with a central opening ( Corti 1910).

Remarks. Drawings not presented in the original description. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Unknown .

023 Aceria diospyri Keifer, 1944: 23 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Diospyros kaki L. ( Ebenaceae ).

Type locality. Garden Grove , Orange, California, USA ( Keifer 1944) .

Reports in Brazil. Locality no informed ( Rossetto et al. 1968), Campinas ( Rossetto et al. 1971), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Mites develop under the bud scales and under the fruit buttons; in the latter location they blacken the stem end of the fruit and aid premature dropping ( Keifer 1944).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in the subtropical regions in Brazil ( Lorenzi et al. 2006) .

024 Aceria eriobotryae ( Keifer, 1938) : 188. ( Keifer 1952: 27).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) .

Type locality. Sacramento , California, USA ( Keifer 1938) .

Reports in Brazil. Locality not informed ( Rossetto 1972), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Mites are found in the buds ( Keifer 1938) or fruit bracts ( Ojima et al. 1976), causing no apparent symptoms ( Rossetto 1972).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Naturalized fruit tree, distributed in all regions of the country ( Flora do Brasil 2020); widely cultivated mainly in the Southeast Region ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

025 * Aceria esculenti Keifer, 1966c: 1 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Hibiscus esculentus L. ( Malvaceae ), presently referred as Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ( Malvaceae ) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro , Seropédica (47 km of the road linking Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .

Additional reports in Brazil. Locality not informed in Rossetto et al. (1969); ( Robbs & Peracchi 1972), Minas Gerais; throughout the Baixada Fluminese ( Robbs & Peracchi 1972), Rio de Janeiro; locality not informed ( Robbs & Peracchi 1972; Rossetto 1972), Piracicaba (in this paper, specimens deposited at the mite collection in ESALQ, USP), São Paulo.

Remarks. Robbs (1953) reported symptoms associated to those caused by A. esculentus in Brasília , Distrito Federal, and referred to the causal agent as Eryophyes sp. (sic); Braga (1957) mentioned that infestation on this host plant was caused by Eriophyes hibisci Nalepa 1906 ; Robbs (1960) revised specimens, identified them as belonging to the genus Aceria and sent material to Keifer who described this species in 1966 as Aceria esculenti . This author emphasized that specimens were very close to E. hibisci ( Robbs & Peracchi 1972) .

Relationship to host plant. Infestations cause irregular erineum pockets, resulting in deformed leaves ( Keifer 1966b). The galls, which appear on the green organs, sometimes obtain intense reddish pigmentation, peculiar to the variety of okra involved. The attacked fruits become useless for commercialization and, when the galls are located in the terminal sprouting, the plant growth stops. There is also the emission of lateral sprouting, which is also attacked, plants becoming unproductive. The damage observed in winter is greater, possibly due to less development of the plant in the coldest time of the year ( Robbs & Peracchi 1972). Rossetto (1972) did not consider this mite as a pest in the State of São Paulo.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Exotic, widely cultivated as vegetable ( Filgueira 2008; Flora do Brasil 2020).

026 Aceria ficus ( Cotte, 1920) : 28. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 47).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Synonyms.

Eriophyes fici Ewing, 1922

Aceria fici (Essig, 1922)

Eriophyes fici Essig & Smith, 1922

Type host. Ficus sp. (Moraceae) .

Type locality. Saint-André valley, near Nice, France ( Cotte 1920 in Amrine & Stasny 1994).

Reports in Brazil. In common fig, Ficus carica L. ( Moraceae ), Valinhos ( Carvalho & Rossetto 1968), locality not informed ( Paschoal 1971), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. Mites can be found on both leaf surfaces, on the buds and on the sepals. They cause injury to the buds and leaves. Infested leaves can be rusted, chlorotic, or distorted ( Zaksevskas 1973). These mites transmit the Fig mosaic virus ( FMV), that causes as main symptoms: a leaf mosaic pattern, vein banding, ringspots, defoliation, yellow spotting on fruits, reduced growth and premature fruit drop ( Acikgöz & Döken 2003; Ishikawa et al. 2012).

Transmitted virus in Brazil. FMV was reported in São Paulo in early 1970’s (A.S. Costa, in Rossetto, 1972; Zaksevskas 1973; Zaksevskas & Costa 1974; 1975).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Genus with native and non-endemic species, as trees, shrubs, subshrubs or lianas, widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Additional host plant status in Brazil. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in the country ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

027 Aceria granati ( Canestrini & Massalongo, 1894) : 465. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 50).

Previous genus assignments.

Phytoptus , Eriophyes .

Type host. Punica granatum L. ( Punicaceae ), presently referred as belonging to Lythraceae family ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

Type locality. Passignano Sul Trasimeno, Province of Perugia, Umbria, Italy ( Canestrini & Massalongo 1894 in Amrine & Stasny 1994).

Reports in Brazil. Locality not informed ( Rossetto et al. 1969).

Relationship to host plant. Infestations cause leaf edge roll-upward giving an appearance of a thick border of the lamina ( Amrine & Stasny 1994).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in the country ( Lorenzi et al. 2006) .

028 Aceria guerreronis Keifer, 1965a: 7 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Cocos nucifera L. (Palmaceae), presently referred as belonging to the Arecaceae family.

Type locality. Coyuca de Benitez , Guerrero, Mexico ( Keifer 1965a) .

Host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On C. nucifera (Arecaceae) : Coruripe ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Maceió ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), São Sebastião (Navia et al. 2005), Maragogi (08°58’S, 35°11’W) ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2007), Paripueira ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Arapiraca and Limoeiro de Anadia ( Almeida, 2013), Alagoas; Ilhéus (Navia et al. 2005), Juazeiro ( Moreira & Nascimento, 2002), São Félix (Navia et al. 2005), Una ( Moura & Mesquita 1995), Una (15°17’S, 39°04’W) ( Souza et al. 2012a), Bahia ; Camocim ( Freitas et al. 2006), Caponga ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Praia de Ibicuitaba, Icapuí ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Itapipoca ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Paraipaba ( Braga Sobrinho et al. 2001) Ceará; Barreirinhas ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Carutapera ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Guimarães ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Pinheiro ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), São Luís ( Teodoro et al. 2017), Timon ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Maranhão; Governador Valadares ( Prezotti et al. 2007), Janúba (Navia et al. 2005), Patos de Minas ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Minas Gerais; Moju ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Santa Isabel ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), São Caetano de Odivelas ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Salinópolis ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Pará; Frei Martinho ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), João Pessoa ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Mamanguape ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Mataracá ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Pitimbu (07°28’S, 34°48’W) ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2007), Paraíba; Cabo ( Arruda 1974), Fernando de Noronha (03°51’37”S, 32°265’33”W) ( Vasconcelos et al. 2005), Glória do Goita ( Arruda 1974), Goiana ( Aquino & Arruda 1967), Ipojuca ( Aquino & Arruda 1967), Igarassu ( Aquino & Arruda 1967), Igarassu (07°50’00”S, 34°54’30”W) ( Vasconcelos et al. 2005), Itamaracá ( Arruda 1974), Itamaracá (07°46’S, 34°52’W) ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2007), Itapirema ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Jaboatão dos Guararapes ( Arruda, 1974), Petrolina ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Petrolina (9°10’21.1”S, 40°31’49.6”W) ( Monteiro et al. 2012), Caxangá, Recife ( Robbs & Peracchi 1965), Recife (08°04’06”S, 34°55’00”W) ( Vasconcelos et al. 2005), Rio Formoso ( Arruda 1974), Sirinhaém ( Arruda 1974), Sirinhaém (08°37’S, 35°07’W) ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2007), Vitória de Santo Antão ( Arruda 1974), Pernambuco; Pedra do Sol ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Piauí; Campos (Navia et al. 2005), Itaguai ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Quissamã (Navia et al. 2005), Santa Cruz ( Robbs & Peracchi 1965), Rio de Janeiro; Búzios ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Muriú ( Lawson-Balagbo et al. 2008), Natal ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Pedro Velho ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Rio Grande do Norte; locality not informed (Moreira et al. 2002), Roraima; Cedral (20°05’S, 49°38’W) (20°56’S, 49°15’W) ( Oliveira et al. 2012a), Ilha Bela (Navia et al. 2005), Mirandópolis (20°54’S, 49°15’W) (21°08’S, 51°07’W) ( Oliveira et al. 2012a), Peruíbe (21°54’S, 50°27’W) (24°14’S; 47°01’W) (24°14’S; 47°00’W) ( Oliveira et al. 2012a), Riolândia (19°59’S, 49°40’W) ( Oliveira et al. 2012a), Tupã (20°59’S, 51°05’W) (21°54’S, 50°31’W) ( Oliveira et al. 2012a), São Paulo; Aracaju (Navia et al. 2005), Areia Branca ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Estância ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Ilha das Flores ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Itaporanga D’ajuda ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Japaratuba ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Lagarto (Navia et al. 2005), Neópolis ( Michereff Filho et al. 2008), Pacatuba ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Pirambu ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Santa Luzia ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), São Cristovão ( Santana & Flechtmann 1998), Sergipe. On Cocos weddelliana H. Wendl. , presently referred as Syagrus weddelliana (H.Wendl.) Becc. ( Soares 2020) (Arecaceae) : Indaiatuba ( Flechtmann 1989), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. In C. nucifera numerous colonies develop on the meristematic zone of coconut fruits covered by the perianth (bracts), causing physical damage that leads to necrosis ( Moore & Howard 1996). Mites can be found on coconut inflorescences during the dispersion process. Early damage caused by A. guerreronis infestations becomes progressively more visible as a triangular white patch next to the margin of the perianth; as infested fruits grow, the damaged tissue turns necrotic and corklike, sometimes with deep fissures. Area damaged may cover half or more of the fruit surface ( Howard et al. 2001). Infested fruits later become distorted and stunted, due to uneven growth, leading to reductions in copra yield ( Howard et al. 2001; Moore & Howard 1996). Aceria guerreronis infestations can also cause extensive premature fruit drop ( Doreste 1968; Wickramananda et al. 2007). A review on the status of A. guerreronis around the world and of bioecological aspects of this pest is presented by Navia et al. (2013a). In S. weddelliana mites develop in the apical bud of young plants ( Flechtmann 1989).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Naturalized palm tree ( Vianna 2020c), widely cultivated or disseminated in coastal and tropical areas in Northeast, North, Southeast and Mid-West Regions ( Lorenzi et al. 1996; 2006).

Additional host plant status in Brazil. S. weddelliana —native palm tree, endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica biome, in the Southeast Region ( Soares 2020).

029 * Aceria gymnoscuta Navia & Flechtmann, 2002: 121 .

Type host. Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) .

Type locality. “Reserva Estadual da Serra do Japi”, Jundiaí , São Paulo, Brazil (23°13’18”S, 46°55’16”W) .

Additional hosts and localities in Brazil. On Syagrus cocoides Mart. (Arecaceae) : “Fazenda Santa Elisa, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas”, Campinas (24°36’41”S, 47°53’23”W) ( Navia & Flechtmann 2002), São Paulo; on Syagrus oleraceae (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) , Olimpia (20°43’53”S, 49°03’38”W) ( Bellini et al. 2005a), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. Vagrant mites on the lower surface of S. flexuosa leaves and S. cocoides fruits, causing no apparent symptoms ( Navia & Flechtmann 2002). On S. oleraceae symptoms were not informed.

Remarks. Slight variations in morphological characters were observed in specimens collected from S. oleraceae ( Bellini et al. 2005a) .

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native palm tree, endemic, occurring in Caatinga and Cerrado biomes ( Soares 2020) .

Additional host plant status. S. cocoides —native palm tree, endemic, occurring in Amazônia and Cerrado biomes ( Soares 2020); S. oleraceae — native palm tree, endemic, occurring in Caatinga and Cerrado biomes ( Soares 2020). Cultivated as an ornamental in urban landscaping; species producing heart of palm, used in cooking ( Lorenzi et al. 1996).

030 * Aceria inusitata Britto & Navia, 2008 in Britto et al. (2008: 2).

Type host. Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) , presently referred as Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C. Lima & G.P. Lewis, considered as belonging to Fabaceae family (Lima 2020).

Type locality. Recife , Pernambuco, Brazil (8°01’10”S, 34°56’53”W) .

Additional localities in Brazil. Brasília (in this paper, specimens deposited at the Collection of Plant Mites, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology), Distrito Federal.

Relationship to host plant. Colonies are found under a “patch of webbing” on the upper surface of leaves ( Britto et al. 2008). Infestations cause silvering on the upper leaf surface.

Remarks. This species was described from protogynes and deutogynes and two forms of males (one resembling the protogyne and the other one the deutogyne) were found in the colonies under the patches of wax. This is the first example of a deutogynous eriophyid mite in tropical regions with two forms of males. Behavioral and social aspects in this species are remarkably interesting; only deutogynes build the nests, and were considered as the dispersal form ( Britto et al. 2008).

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native tree, endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica biome ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

031 * Aceria jussieuae ( Corti, 1910) : 95. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 55).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Jussieua sp. , presently referred as Ludwigia sp. (Onagraceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. São Leopoldo , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Causing galls on leaves. Galls are rounded, regular in shape, papilla like, on the upper surface of leaves; lower surface with depressions ( Corti 1910).

Remarks. Drawings not presented. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plants status. Native tree, shrub or subshrub, not endemic, occurring naturally in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

032 * Aceria kallyna Navia & Flechtmann, 1998b: 39 .

Type host. Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. ( Asteraceae ).

Type locality. Lavras , Minas Gerais, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on leaves, causing slight rust ( Navia & Flechtmann 1998b).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status in Brazil. Native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Cerrado , Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

033 * Aceria korykis Flechtmann & Moraes, 2002a: 6 .

Type host. Acalypha reptans Sw. , presently referred as Acalypha chamaedrifolia (Lam.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Piracicaba , São Paulo, Brazil (22°42’30”S, 47°38’08”W) .

Relationship to host plant. Small erineal galls on leaves and leaf distortion ( Flechtmann & Moraes 2002a). It causes the formation of small hairy and whitish galls (erinea galls) on both sides of the leaves. Apparently, the damage is greater in shaded plants ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Exotic herb, commonly cultivated as an ornamental ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001).

034 Aceria lantanae ( Cook, 1909) : 144. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 57).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Lantana camara L. ( Verbenaceae ).

Type locality. Central Agronomy Station , Cuba .

Relationship to host plant. The mites cause large galls, consisting of very small green leaves, distorted flower buds and flowers ( Cook 1909; J.W. Amrine Jr., personal communication). Mites can also produce leaf galls ( Flechtmann 1973; Moraes & Flechtmann 1981).

Reports in Brazil. Nova Lima ( Moura et al. 2009), Minas Gerais ; Belém do São Francisco , Petrolândia and Petrolina ( Moraes & Flechtmann 1981), Pernambuco ; Piracicaba ( Flechtmann 1973), São Paulo.

Remarks. Moura et al. (2009) conducted a detailed comparative study of histological and histometric characteristics during the ontogenesis of leaves and galls of L. camara followed by the infestation of A. lantanae . This mite is used as a biological control agent in countries where lantana is a noxious weed, e.g. South Africa ( Craemer 1993; 1996; Smith et al. 2010; Mukwevho 2015).

Type host plants status in Brazil. Naturalized shrub, widely distributed in anthropic and natural areas in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020). In the country it is used mainly as an ornamental and is widely cultivated in gardens ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001).

035 Aceria litchii ( Keifer, 1943) : 212. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 59).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Synonyms.

Erineum sixtaliae Corda, 1840

Aceria cordai ( Oudemans, 1937)

Eriophyes cordai Oudemans, 1937

Eriophyes chinensis O’Gara, 1916

Type host. Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) .

Type locality. Pensacola , Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America .

Relationship to host plant. Mites cause a fine red brown erineum on the undersurface of the leaf, oftencurling the whole leaf ( Keifer 1943). In addition to shoots and young leaves, fruits and flower buds can also be infested and present erineum ( Alam & Wadud 1963). New shoots on the entire tree can be infested and premature defoliation has also been associated with dense populations ( Paul & Duarte 2011; Waite 2012).

Reports in Brazil. Brasília, Vargem Bonita (in this paper, specimens deposited at the Collection of Plant Mites, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology), Distrito Federal; Venda Nova do Imigrante (20°20’26”S, 41°06’59”W) ( Fornazier et al. 2014), Espírito Santo; Elói Mendes ( Souza et al. 2012b), Cabo verde ( Souza et al. 2012b), Serrania ( Souza et al. 2012b), Campanha ( Machado et al. 2013), Monte Belo (21º19’S, 46º22’W) (Ferreira, et al. 2017b), Viçosa (20º45’32”S, 42º52’06”W) ( Silva 2019), Minas Gerais; Aguaí ( Raga et al. 2011), Atibaia ( Raga et al. 2011), Caconde ( Raga et al. 2011), Botucatu (22°57’S, 48°22’W) ( Ramos 2019), Campinas ( Raga et al. 2011), Casa Branca ( Raga et al. 2011), Casa Branca (21°47’12”S, 47°06’65”W) ( Picoli et al. 2010), Conchal ( Raga et al. 2011), Holambra ( Raga et al. 2011), Indaiatuba ( Raga et al. 2011), Itapetininga ( Raga et al. 2011), Itirapina ( Raga et al. 2011), Jaboticabal ( Raga et al. 2011), Jaguariúna ( Raga et al. 2011), Jundiaí ( Raga et al. 2011), Limeira ( Raga et al. 2010), Louveira ( Raga et al. 2011), Mogi das Cruzes ( Raga et al. 2011), Mogi Guaçu ( Raga et al. 2011), Mogi Mirim ( Raga et al. 2011), Monte Alegre do Sul ( Raga et al. 2011), Monte Mor ( Raga et al. 2011), Narandiba ( Raga et al. 2011), Palmital ( Arthur & Machi 2016), Pedreira ( Raga et al. 2011), Pinhalzinho ( Raga et al. 2011), Piracicaba ( Azevedo et al. 2013), Porto Feliz ( Raga et al. 2011), Presidente Prudente ( Montes et al. 2011), Rio Claro ( Raga et al. 2011), Santa Bárbara D’Oeste ( Raga et al. 2011), Santa Cruz da Conceição ( Raga et al. 2011), Santo Antônio de Posse ( Raga et al. 2011), São Paulo ( Raga et al. 2011), São Bento do Sapucaí ( Raga et al. 2011), São José dos Campos ( Raga et al. 2011), São Pedro ( Raga et al. 2011), Serra Negra ( Raga et al. 2011), Socorro ( Raga et al. 2011), Tambaú ( Raga et al. 2011), São Paulo.

Remarks: This mite was officially regulated as an “Absent Quarantine Pest” to Brazil (MAPA 2008) and was accidentally introduced in Brazil, probably through the ilegal importation of propagative material by producers ( Flechtmann & Navia 2013). Until its introduction no serious pests affected litchi in the country and the crops was in full expansion. Aceria litchii fastly disseminated in litchii orchards in São Paulo and to the other main producer states becaming a major pest of this fruit tree in the country ( Arantes et al. 2017).

Type host plants status in Brazil. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards mainly in Southeast ( Lorenzi et al. 2006) and South regions ( Almeida 2018).

036 * Aceria longisetosum ( Flechtmann, Amrine & Stasny, 1995b) : 214. (n. comb. in this paper)

Previous genus assignment.

Paraphytoptus .

Type host. Campomanesia sp. (Myrtaceae) .

Type locality. Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on the lower surface of leaves co-occurring with K. secundum ( Flechtmann et al. 1995b) . Remark. Only known from the type host/locality. Type host plants status. Native shrub, subshrub or tree, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado,

Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes, widely distributed in all regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

037 Aceria lycopersici ( Wolffenstein, 1879) . ( Lamb, 1953: 344).

Previous genera assignments.

Eriophyes , Phytoptus .

Synonyms.

Eriophyes calacladophthora ( Watson, 1914)

Phytoptus calacladophthora Rolfs, 1907

Phytoptus calacladophthora Nalepa, 1892

Aceria cladophthirus ( Nalepa, 1892)

Eriophyes cladophthirus ( Nalepa, 1892)

Phytoptus cladophthirus Nalepa, 1892

Type host. Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw. ( Solanaceae ), presently referred as Solanum lycopersicum L. ( Solanaceae ) (Flora Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Southern Spain

Reports in Brazil. Cruzeta (Estação Experimental do Seridó) ( Costa 1957), Rio Grande do Norte; Araraquara ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), Campinas ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), Conchas ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), Pirassununga ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), Tietê ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), Piracicaba (in this paper, specimens deposited at the mite collection in ESALQ, USP), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Leaf and stem erineum (in Amrine & Stasny 1994), curling and shrinkage (J.W. Amrine Jr., personal communication).

Remarks. Symptoms in Brazil have been observed on leaves, stems and young fruits ( Rossetto 1972) and were referred to as “tomato white fluff” ( Costa & Gonçalves 1950), which can be confused with powdery mildew infection. Young plants can be affected and decline; infestations frequently occur during the rainy season ( Rossetto 1972).

Type host plant status. Exotic herb, widely cultivated as a vegetable for food ( Treichel et al. 2016).

038 Aceria mangiferae Sayed, 1946: 7 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Synonymy.

Eriophyes mangiferae Hassan, 1944 .

Type host. Mangifera indica L. ( Anacardiaceae ).

Type locality. Locality not informed, Egypt .

Reports in Brazil. Brasília ( Navia & Flechtmann 2000b) , Distrito Federal; Recife (Flechtmann et al. 1970), Petrolina ( Moreira et al. 1999a), Pernambuco; locality not informed ( Robbs & Peracchi 1969), Rio de Janeiro; locality not specified ( Rossetto et al. 1967), Campinas ( Reis et al. 1970), Jardinópolis ( Rossetto, 1972), Piracicaba (Flechtmann et al. 1970); Ribeirão Preto (Flechtmann et al. 1970), Sabino ( Piza et al. 1987), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Mite infestation usually occurs in association with Fusarium mangiferae fungal infection ( Gamliel-Atinsky et al. 2010) and this interaction can cause shoot and flower deformation. Infested buds result in arrested growth and severe deformation in young trees ( Navia & Flechtmann 2000b). An excessive proliferation of leaves or flowers forms from attacked buds (overgrowth) and is more severe in young plants ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008). For a long time symptoms were considered as caused by mite infestation, however it has been shown that they are not the causal agents ( Gamliel-Atinsky et al. 2010).Actually, A. mangiferae can vector F. mangiferae spores into the buds and the frequency and severity of infection increase in the presence of mites. Indeed this eriophyid species plays a role in the fungal epidemiology, however further research is needed to understand direct and indirect interactions ( Gamliel-Atinsky et al. 2010).

Remarks. The male was described for the first time in Navia & Flechtmann (2000b).

Type host plant status. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated especially in tropical areas ( Lorenzi et al. 2006). Mango is of great economic importance for Brazil, due to high domestic consumption, as well as the high export rate. This fruit is still the most exported fruit by Brazil, and is consumed both fresh and processed in the form of pulps and juices. Though being produced in the entire national territory, mango plantations are mostly concentrated in the Northeast ( Kist et al. 2018).

039 * Aceria megalops Flechtmann & Moraes, 2002 a: 3 .

Type host. Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae) .

Type locality. Cananeia , São Paulo, Brazil (24°53’’54”S, 47°50’14”W) .

Relationship to host plant. Found in buds with irregular, densely clustered growth, with reduced leaves interspersed with globular, fleshy sprouts or wart-like structures ( Flechtmann & Moraes, 2002a).

Remark. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plant status. Native shrub or tree, not endemic, widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

040 * Aceria moquiniae ( Corti, 1910) : 96. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 66).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Moquinia polymorpha DC. (Asteraceae) , presently referred as Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Cabrera) G. Sancho (Asteraceae) ( Sancho & Roque 2020).

Type locality. São Leopoldo , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Causing galls on the upper surface of leaves. Galls are subcircular, dome-like in shape, measuring around 2-3 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in length ( Corti 1910).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality. Drawings never presented.

Type host plants status. Native shrub or tree, not endemic, occurring in Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Sancho & Roque 2020).

041 * Aceria noxia Flechtmann & Tassi, 2020: 312 .

Type host. Amaranthus viridis L. ( Amaranthaceae ).

Type locality. Experimental Field of Departmento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia on the Campus “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba (47° 38ʹ 00ʺS, 22° 42ʹ 30ʺW), São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. The infested host plant leaves exhibited chlorotic patches and slight deformation ( Flechtmann & Tassi, 2020).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plants status. Naturalized herb, widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

042 * Aceria pintoi Ferreira & Flechtmann, 1997: 185 . Type host. Arachis pintoi (Krap. & Greg.) (Fabaceae) . Type locality. Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Relationship to host plant. Vagrant causing slight rusting ( Ferreira & Flechtmann 1997). Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality. Type host plants status. Native herb, endemic, occurring especially in the Cerrado but also in Caatinga and Mata

Atlântica biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Commonly known as forage peanut, it is a legume with good forage yield and nutritional quality and is used in grass/legume pastures or preserved as silage or hay ( Cavali et al.

2019).

043 Aceria reyesi ( Nuzzaci, 1973) : 9. ( Keifer 1944: 22).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Theobroma cacao L. ( Malvaceae ).

Type locality. Caucágua , Venezuela .

Reports in Brazil. Novo Airão (02°37’17’’S, 60°56’39’’W) ( Carvalho et al. 2018) Amazonas; Jussari, in transition zones between cocoa crops and pasture ( Abreu & Soria 1979), Ilhéus ( Oliveira & Navia 2013; Carvalho et al. 2018), Itapebi ( Soria & Silva 1983), Itaju do Colônia ( Soria & Silva 1983), Bahia ; Russas ( Nakayama 2013b), Ceará; Linhares ( Nakayama 2013a), Espírito Santo; Ouro Preto do Oeste ( Trevisan et al. 2008; Navia et al. 2013c), Rondônia.

Relationship to host plant. Colonies develop in the terminal buds of the cacao tree branches, causing atrophy, premature fall of the leaves and shortening of the internodes ( Nuzzaci 1973; Doreste et al. 1975; Nakayama 2019).

Remarks. A redescription of A. reyesi based on type females from Venezuela and on specimens collected in different Brazilian states (Amazonas, Bahia and Rondônia) and other Latin American countries ( Costa Rica and Ecuador) is presented in Carvalho et al. (2018). The intensity of the symptoms appears to be greater in unshaded cacao tree plantations or after a long period of drought, which can lead plants to death in more severe cases ( Doreste et al. 1975; Soria et al. 1991; Trevisan et al. 2008; Oliveira & Navia 2013; Nakayama 2019). The mite has been reported recently causing serious damage and plant death in cacao plantations in the state of Bahia ( Oliveira & Navia 2013) and in the bank of germplasm of cocoa, CEPLAC, state of Rondônia ( Trevisan et al. 2008).

Type host plant status. Native tree, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Lorenzi et al. 2006; Colli-Silva & Pirani 2020). Fruit tree widely cultivated in the tropical regions of Brazil; dried seeds (almonds) are used for chocolate production and fruit flesh is also consumed ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

044 * Aceria rossettonis Keifer, 1969a: 5 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Anacardium occidentale L. ( Anacardiaceae ).

Type locality. Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil .

Additional reports in Brazil. Locality not informed ( Arruda & Aquino 1970), Pernambuco; locality not informed ( Paschoal 1971), Piracicaba ( Flechtmann 2001b), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Colonies develop in buds ( Keifer 1969a); at the time of flowering, it can be found un- der the most external petals and the sepals of the flowers. Attacked flowers do not open normally or may fall, sometimes causing the death of the entire inflorescence ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008).

Remarks. Infestations can cause intense bronzing, flowers do not open fully, fruit production is suppressed; symptoms resemble anthracnose ( Flechtmann 2001b).

Type host plant status. Native fruit tree, not endemic; occurring in most biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020). Widely cultivated mainly in North and Northeast regions to fresh fruit or dried seed production ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

045 Aceria sheldoni ( Ewing, 1937) : 193. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 85).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. ( Rutaceae ).

Type locality. Santa Paula , California, USA .

Additional host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On Citrus x paradisi Macfad. ( Rutaceae ): and Citrus sinensis Obs. (Rutaceae) : Campinas and Limeira (Costa et al. 1960), São Paulo; on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) : locality not informed ( Rossetto et al. 1969; Reis 1974), Irecê ( Moraes & Flechtmann 1981), Bahia ; Bebedouro, Matão and Pitangueiras (Costa et al. 1960), general occurrence in the State (Chiavegato 1968), Botucatu (in this paper, specimens deposited at the mite collection at ESALQ, USP), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. Colonies develop in buds. Infestations can cause deformation of the ends of the twigs ( Ewing 1937), which sometimes became asymmetric, and of fruits. Other damage observed are bud blasting, internode shortening and flower dropping (Costa et. al. 1960; Chiavegato 1968).

Type host plant status. Exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards in all regions ( Lorenzi et al. 2006).

Additional host plants status in Brazil. C. x paradisi —hybrid fruit tree, cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards in all regions ( Lorenzi et al. 2006); C. sinensis — exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards in all regions ( Lorenzi et al. 2006); Citrus spp. — exotic fruit tree, widely cultivated in domestic and commercial orchards in all regions ( Lorenzi et al. 2006). The citriculture has high economic importance for Brazil, which is one of the largest orange producers in the world, and the largest producer and exporter of concentrated orange juice in the world ( Neves & Trombin 2017).

046 * Aceria solani Duarte & Navia, 2020 in Duarte et al. (2020: 1225).

Type host. Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. (Solanaceae) .

Type locality. “Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia”, Brasília (15°43’50”S, 47°54’03”W), Distrito Federal , Brazil .

Additional host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On the same type host plant S. lycocarpum (Solanaceae) : Sobradinho (15°43’50”S, 47°54’03”W) and “Embrapa Hortaliças”, Gama (15º55’55”S, 48°08’24”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum muricatum Ait. (Solanaceae) : “Embrapa Hortaliças” Gama (15°56’05”S, 48°08’24”W), ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum paniculatum L. ( Solanaceae ): São Sebastião (15°54’04”S, 47°45’40”W) and Noroeste— Brasília (15°44’34”S, 47°54’40”W), Distrito Federal; on Solanum subinerme Jacq. (Solanaceae) : “Embrapa Hortaliças”, Gama (15°54’04”S, 47°45’40”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum torvum L. ( Solanaceae ): “Embrapa Hortaliças”, Gama ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal; on Solanum sp. (Solanaceae) : “Embrapa Hortaliças” Gama (15°56’05”S, 48°08’24”W) ( Duarte et al. 2020), Distrito Federal.

Relationship to host plants. Vagrant on the abaxial surface of the leaves. No visible symptoms were observed ( Duarte et al. 2020), in the type host plant and in the additional host plants.

Type host plant status. Native shrub or tree, not endemic, occurring in Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

Additional host plants status. S. muricatum — exotic shrub, cultivated grown in backyards mainly South and Southeast regions ( Melo et al. 2017); S. paniculatum — native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes; S. subinerme — native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia and Cerrado biomes; S. torvum — native shrub, not endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica biome ( Flora do Brasil 2020); Solanum sp. — native shrub or subshrub, widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

047 * Aceria tavaresi ( Corti, 1910) : 93. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 90).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. unknown.

Type locality. São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .

Host plants status. Unknown.

Relationship to host plant. Causing galls on the upper surface of leaves. Galls are subcylindrical, slightly expanded in the median 1/3, measuring around 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length. In the lower surface opening is remarkable and surrounded by trichomes ( Corti 1910).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality. Drawings not presented.

Type host plants status. Unknown.

048 Aceria tosichella Keifer, 1969c: 1 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Synonyms.

Eriophyes tulipae Keifer, 1938 .

Aceria tulipae ( Keifer, 1938) .

Aceria tritici Shevtchenko, 1970 .

Type host. Triticum sativa Lam. , presently referred as Triticum aestivum L. ( Poaceae ).

Type locality. Zemun-Beograd , Yugoslavia .

Host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On Andropogon bicornis L. ( Poaceae ):São Luiz Gonzaga(28°24’57”S, 55°29’42”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Avena sativa L. ( Poaceae ): São Miguel das Missões (28°29’35,59”S, 54°33’37,15”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Coxilha (28°11’15,74’’S, 52°19’28,28’’) ( Pereira et al. 2015b), Rio Grande do Sul; on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf , presently referred as Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster (Poaceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020): Pontão (27°58’09,6”S, 52°43’47,9”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc , presently referred as Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R.D. Webster (Poaceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020): Santo Antônio das Missões (28°29’42”S, 55°25’18’ “W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), São Miguel das Missões (28°29’35,59530”S, 54°33’37,15222”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Chloris polydactyla (L.) Sw., presently referred as Chloris elata Desv. (Poaceae) : ( Flora do Brasil 2020): Santo Ângelo (28°22’54,70049”S, 54°18’17,23882”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Digitaria horizontalis Willd (Poaceae) : Três de Maio (27°45’39,45”S, 54°15’42,87”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Almirante Tamandaré do Sul ( Pereira et al. 2013), Coxilha (28°11’15,74’’S, 52°19’28,28’’) ( Pereira et al. 2015b), Rio Grande do Sul; on Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde ( Poaceae ): Santa Rosa (27°52’52.94”S, 54°26’02,51”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Santo Antônio das Missões (28°29’42,70”S, 55°25’18,00”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ( Poaceae ): Francisco Beltrão ( Pereira et al. 2013), Paraná; on Lolium multiflorum L. ( Poaceae ): Almirante Tamandaré do Sul ( Pereira et al. 2013), Coxilha (28°11’15,74’’S, 52°19’28,28’’) ( Pereira et al. 2015b), Palmeira das Missões ( Pereira et al. 2013), Panambi ( Pereira et al. 2013), Passo Fundo ( Pereira et al. 2015a), Vacaria ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; Xaxim ( Pereira et al. 2013), Santa Catarina; on Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum., presently referred as Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone ( Poaceae ): ( Flora do Brasil 2020): Santo Ângelo (28°22’54,7”S, 54°18’17,24”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ( Poaceae ): Ijuí (28°23’00,4”S, 54°02’56”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Rio Grande do Sul; on Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) : Palmital ( Pereira et al. 2013), Paraná; Cacique Doble ( Pereira et al. 2013), Coxilha (28°11’40,6”S, 52°18’59,7”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Getúlio Vargas ( Pereira et al. 2013), Nonoai (27°29’49,6”S, 52°54’07,4”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010), Palmeira das Missões (27°49,74’S, 53°21,75’W) ( Pereira et al. 2009), Panambi ( Pereira et al. 2013), Passo Fundo (28°13,74’S, 52°24,17’W) ( Pereira et al. 2009), Pontão ( Pereira et al. 2013), Ronda Alta ( Pereira et al. 2013), São Luiz Gonzaga (28°24.91’S, 55°00.52’W) ( Pereira et al. 2009), Santa Rosa (27°52’52.94”S, 54°26’02,51”W) ( Pereira et al. 2010); Santo Antônio das Missões (28°29.68’S, 55°25.28’W) ( Pereira et al. 2009), São Miguel das Missões ( Pereira et al. 2013), Trindade do Sul ( Pereira et al. 2013), Rio Grande do Sul; Novo Horizonte ( Pereira et al. 2013), Quilombo ( Pereira et al. 2013), Zortéa ( Pereira et al. 2013), Santa Catarina; on Zea mays L. ( Poaceae ): Coxilha (28°11’15,74’’S, 52°19’28,28’’) ( Pereira et al. 2015b), Rio Grande do Sul.

Relationship to host plant. Colonies develop at the leaf base, causing discoloration, curling or rolling, abnormal development of leaves and plant stunting ( Keifer 1969c; Jeppson et al. 1975). This species can transmit at least four viruses to a range of cereal crops- Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) (formerly known as High plains virus [HPV]), Brome streak mosaic virus (BrSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) (see details in the review by Navia et al. 2013b).

Remarks. On taxonomic assignment. This species was originally described by Keifer (1969c) from wheat collected in the former Yugoslavia. It is morphologically very similar to Aceria tulipae (Keifer) , which was first described from tulip bulbs originating from The Netherlands and collected during 1937 in California, USA ( Keifer 1938; 1969c). For many years, A. tosichella had often been misidentified as A. tulipae , been considered as a junior synonym; the latter species was supposed to also infest wheat (in addition to the Liliaceae ) and was considered to be the vector of WSMV (e.g. Keifer 1953; Slykhuis 1955). Further studies clarified that the species infesting grasses (described as A. tosichella ) is undoubtedly different from that infesting Liliaceae ( A. tulipae ) and the two taxa are considered as valid. However the name A. tulipae continued to be erroneously used for the eriophyid species associated with wheat until at least 1996.

On the complex of cryptic species. Based on molecular characterization presently A. tosichella is recognized as a complex of closely related species and in Brazil two well differentiated genetic lineages are present, including that one reported in other countries as an efficient virus vector ( Skoracka et al. 2012; Miller et al. 2013).

On the status in the world and in Brazil. Mites and their associated viruses can cause significant economic impact and these pathosystems have been of concern to cereal growers and researchers for decades around the world, especially in North America and Australia, and they continue to represent a challenge. In South America serious impact has been reported in Argentina (see review by Navia et al. 2013b). Among A. tosichella transmitted virus only WSMV was already reported in Brazil ( Mar et al. 2013), however no serious infections have been observed in the field. Up to now the main damage caused by A. tosichella is direct (leaf curling and plant stunting) and has been observed in wheat seedlings grown in greenhouses in breeding programs and/or seed production.

Type host plant status. Exotic cereal, occurring in Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes, cultivated mainly in South, Southeast and Mid-West Regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Additional host plants status in Brazil. A. bicornis and C. elata — native herb, not endemic, widely distributed in all biomes and regions; C. americanus —naturalized herb, occurring in Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes; D. horizontalis — naturalized herb, occurring in Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pantanal biomes; S. halepense — naturalized herb, occurring in Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes; D. insularis , E. indica , U. plantaginea and U. decumbens — naturalized herb, widely distributed in all biomes and regions; A. sativa — exotic grass, cultivated, not endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes, in the Southeast and South regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020); L. multiflorum — exotic grass, cultivated as forage ( Vargas et al. 2018), not endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes in the south and Southeast Regions ( Essi & Silva 2020); Z. mays — exotic cereal, widely cultivated around whole country ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

049 * Aceria translinea Navia & Flechtmann, 2002: 126 .

Type host. Attalea dubia (Mart.) Burret (Arecaceae) .

Type locality. Pariquera-açu , São Paulo, Brazil (24°36’41”S, 47°53’23”W) .

Additional host plant and locality in Brazil. On Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) : “Estação Ecológica de Ibicatu”, Piracicaba (22°46’43”S, 47°49’32”W) ( Navia & Flechtmann 2002), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. In the type host mites were found on buds and terminal shoots, causing no apparent symptoms ( Navia & Flechtmann 2002); in the additional host plant S. romanzoffiana symptoms were not informed.

Type host plants status. Native palm, endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica biome in South and Southeast regions ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

Additional host plant status. S. romanzoffiana — native palm tree, not endemic, occurring in Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pampa biomes ( Soares 2020).

050 Aceria tulipae ( Keifer, 1938) : 185. ( Keifer 1944: 22).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Synonyms.

Aceria tosichella Keifer, 1969c .

Eriophyes tosichella ( Keifer, 1969c) .

Type host. Tulipa sp.(Liliaceae) .

Type locality. Sacramento , California, USA (on bulbs imported from Holland) .

Host plants and localities reports in Brazil. On Allium sativum L. ( Amaryllidaceae ): occurring in all regions where garlic is cultivated in the country ( Moraes & Flechtmann 2008); sub-middle São Francisco valley, Northeast Region including part of Bahia and Pernambuco States (Moraes 1981); Barbalha ( Santos & Lima 1976),

Ceará; locality not informed ( Arruda & Arruda 1976), Pernambuco; Campinas ( Chiavegato et al. 1968), Piracicaba (Vasconcellos & Barbin 1966), Tietê (Guirado et al. 2012), Botucatu (Oliveira et al. 2014), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plants. In the type host the mite feeds between the bulb layers, scarifying and drying the surfaces ( Keifer 1938). Mites are also commonly detected on young garlic leaves, causing leaf rolling and chlorotic striae after which plants become stunted. Colonies can also feed and develop on bulbs, under the scales and on plump cloves on which withering and matt brown spots may appear ( Scalopi et al. 1971; Jeppson et al. 1975; Keifer et al. 1982). This species constitutes the only vector of Allexivirus in garlic (see Dabrowska et al. 2020), which commonly occurs in mixed infections; a total of eight species have been described in this genus: Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV), Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus E (GarV-E), Garlic virus X (GarV-X), and Shallot virus X (ShVX) (The ICTV Online (10th) (Report on Virus Taxonomy 2016).

Remarks. Type species in the genus Aceria . On taxonomic assignments, see Aceria tosichella . On the economic importance, this eriophyid mite is considered one of the most dangerous pests of garlic mainly due to its action of transmitting allexiviruses, which can reduce yields significantly ( Dabrowska et al. 2020). Damage can occur during the storage of garlic bulbs ( Larrain 1986). Allexivirus spreads via propagation material and through this vector. The high rate of infection by allexivirus may be related to the greater difficulty of removing the species of viruses belonging to this genus, and also based on the infection and transmission of the virus by the mite during the storage of bulbs from one year to the other (Oliveira et al. 2014). On transmitted virus status in Brazil. according to Kitajima (2020) six of the eight known garlic allexivirus were found in Brazil by molecular detection- GarMbFV, GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D and GarV-X in at least six states ( Bahia , Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo) ( Melo Filho et al. 2004; Fayad-André et al. 2011; Oliveira et al. 2014). Although this mite has not been reported in some of these states, taking into account allexiviruses presence, it probably occurs in these states. This pathosystem constitutes a key phytosanitary problem to garlic production in Brazil particularly if in mixed infections with other viruses, however losses have not been estimated ( Fernandes et al. 2013).

Type host plant status. Exotic herb, cultivated as an ornamental ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001; Flora do Brasil 2020).

Additional host plant status in Brazil. Exotic bulbous plants, probably originating from Asia, widely cultivated as a vegetable for culinary use as a condiment ( Moura et al. 2013).

051 * Aceria vaga Keifer, 1962a: 15 .

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) .

Type locality. Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Mites live along the veins on the underside of the leaves, causing discolored spots ( Keifer 1962a).

Type host plants status. Exotic fruit tree, cultivated mainly in South and Southeast Regions for culinary use in natura or as a condiment ( Lorenzi et al. 2006). This tree is also used as an ornamental on street arborization ( Backes & Irgang 2002).

052 Aceria zeala ( Keifer, 1978) : 5. (J.W. Amrine Jr., personal communication).

Previous assignments.

Eriophyes zealus Keifer, 1978 .

Aceria zealus ( Keifer, 1978) .

Type host. Zea mays L. ( Poaceae ).

Type locality. Sopetran , Antioqua, Colombia (elev. 750 m) .

Localities reports in Brazil. Sete Lagoas ( Ferreira et al. 2017a), Minas Gerais ; Piracicaba (in this paper, specimens deposited at the mite collection in ESALQ, USP), São Paulo .

Relationship to host plant. The mites infest both sides of the leaves as they project out of the husk. Infested plants show yellowish streaks on blades, but few plants in a field are usually involved. Whether the yellow streaks are due solely to the mite , or to a virus, is yet unknown ( Keifer, 1978).

Type host plants status in Brazil. Exotic cereal, widely cultivated around whole country ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

053 * Aceria zizyphi ( Corti, 1910) : 98. ( Amrine & Stasny 1994: 97).

Previous genus assignment.

Eriophyes .

Type host. Zizyphus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , presently the correct genus name is Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. São Leopoldo , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Causing galls on the upper surface of leaves. Galls are hemispherical or cylindric-conic, not attenuated at the base, measuring around 1 mm in diameter. In the lower surface a small opening is observed ( Corti 1910).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality. Drawings not presented.

Type host plants status. Native shrubs or tree, not endemic, occurring in Amazônia , Caatinga , Mata Atlântica and Pantanal biomes ( Flora do Brasil 2020) .

054 * Aceria zoostrix Flechtmann, 2000 b: 335 .

Type host. Aristida sp. (Poaceae) .

Type locality. São Carlos , São Paulo, Brazil .

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants on the upper surface of leaves ( Flechtmann 2000b).

Remarks. Only known from the type host/locality.

Type host plants status. Native grass, not endemic, genus of grass widely distributed in all biomes and regions ( Longhi-Wagner 2020).

** Aciota Keifer, 1959a: 7 .

Eriophyidae , Phyllocoptinae , Tegonotini

Remarks. Genus only known from Brazil, up to date monospecific.

055 * * Aciota costae Keifer, 1959 a: 7 .

Type host. Tibouchina mutabilis (Vell.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae) , presently referred as Pleroma mutabile (Vell.) (Melastomataceae) ( Flora do Brasil 2020).

Type locality. Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil .

Additional reports in Brazil. Campinas and neighborhoods ( Costa & Carvalho 1960a), São Paulo.

Relationship to host plant. Vagrants mites, living among the coarse hairs on the under surface of the leaves ( Keifer 1959a). These mites attack the new leaves, causing frizz and chlorotic spots. These spots occur mainly in the areas between the main veins, but sometimes as bands on each side of them. Symptoms persist in adult leaves, so that heavily attacked plants are entirely curled and have yellowish spots on the leaves ( Costa & Carvalho 1960a).

Remarks. Only known from the type host. Type species of the genus Aciota .

Type host plants status. Native tree, endemic, occurring in Mata Atlântica biome ( Flora do Brasil 2020), widely cultivated as an ornamental ( Lorenzi & Souza 2001).