Tetralicia, Harrison, Harrison, 1917
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5527.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:771D2E7B-4025-45BF-B328-6EC8A8851ECD |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14046320 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787AA-FFB9-FFD5-FF45-040EFA6CB0AD |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Tetralicia |
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Key to puparia of California species View in CoL
1. TMS reaching apparent margin ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 69 View FIGURES 69 , 72 View FIGURES 70–75 , 82 View FIGURE 82 , 83 View FIGURES 83–88 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 , 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 168 View FIGURE 168 –170, 175–177, 187–189, 201–203)... 2
1'. TMS not reaching apparent margin ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 36, 38, 43, 44, 89–91, 97, 98, 104, 105, 107, 108, 118–120, 159–161, 186–188)................................................................................................... 11
2(1). Longitudinal molting suture smooth, not lined with tubercles; dorsal disc of head with tubercles on entire median area ( Figs 142–145 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 , 187–189 View FIGURE 187 View FIGURE 188 View FIGURES 189–194 )................................................................................... 3
2'. Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles; dorsal disc of head with tubercles entirely absent from median area or limited to area over mouthparts ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 69 View FIGURES 69 , 70 View FIGURES 70–75 , 82 View FIGURE 82 , 83 View FIGURES 83–88 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 , 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 168 View FIGURE 168 –170, 175–177, 201–203)................. 4
3(2'). Mature pupae devoid of dorsal wax; eyespots and Ce setae present ( Figs 142–145 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); marginal glandular teeth quadrangular with rounded tips and not differentiated at level of tracheal and caudal openings ( Fig. 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ); VO lacking petal-shaped projections ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 144–150 ) [on Quercus ]................................................................ T. mexicana (in part)
3'. Mature pupae with one dorsolateral wax band on each side divided into cephalic, thoracic and abdominal sections ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–28 ); eyespots and Ce setae absent ( Figs 187–189 View FIGURE 187 View FIGURE 188 View FIGURES 189–194 ); marginal teeth subtriangular and slightly differentiated (wider) at level of tracheal and caudal openings, accompanied by granulations on venter (gr; Figs 193, 194 View FIGURES 189–194 , 196, 199 View FIGURES 195–200 ); VO with four petal-shaped lateroapical projections (PePr; Figs 195–197, 199, 200 View FIGURES 195–200 ) [on Hymenoclea salsola ]........................... T. salsolae
4(2') Mature pupae with amorphous lateral wax directed upwards from true margin covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 5–8 ); puparium more elevated, with deflexed submargin as wide as 0.7–1.0 of body radius; dorsomedial area of A1–A7 with short longitudinal striations ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 83–88 ); venter medially to leg bases smooth ( Fig. 84 View FIGURES 83–88 ) [on Eriogonum ]......... T. eriogonum
4'. Mature pupae with lateral wax not directed upwards from true margin covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally (e. g., Figs 19 View FIGURES 17–20 , 23 View FIGURES 21–24 , 26 View FIGURES 25–28 ); puparium less elevated, with deflexed submargin as wide as 0.4–0.7 of body radius; dorsomedial area of A1–A7 lacking longitudinal striations ( Figs 56–58 View FIGURES 53–58 , 75–77 View FIGURES 70–75 View FIGURES 76–81 , 132 View FIGURES 128–133 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 , 169 View FIGURE 169 , 182 View FIGURES 177–182 , 205 View FIGURES 203–209 ); venter medially to leg bases with spinulae (sp; Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 73 View FIGURES 70–75 , 130 View FIGURES 128–133 , 138 View FIGURES 136–141 , 171, 180, 204).................................................................. 5
5(4'). Puparium elliptical-oblanceolate with a pronounced caudal protuberance ( Figs 18, 19 View FIGURES 17–20 , 23, 24 View FIGURES 21–24 , 34, 35 View FIGURES 30–35 , 168, 169); VO located on a promontory (best seen in dorsolateral view, Fig. 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ); with two membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic legs ( Figs 138 View FIGURES 136–141 , 171)................................................................................... 6
5'. Puparium elliptical to oval with caudal protuberance moderate to only insinuated ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURES 1–4 View FIGURES 5–8 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 , 17 View FIGURES 17–20 , 25, 26 View FIGURES 25–28 , 50, 51, 69, 127, 176, 201, 202); VO not located on a promontory; usually with four membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic legs ( Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 130 View FIGURES 128–133 , 180 View FIGURES 177–182 , 204 View FIGURES 203–209 )................................................................................ 7
6(5). Puparium markedly oblanceolate, distinctly narrowed caudally (width at level of anterior margin of operculum 80–120; maximum width/width at level of anterior margin of operculum 2.7–4.4); dorsal disc on submedian area of thorax entirely covered with tubercle-shaped ornamentations ( Fig. 136 View FIGURES 136–141 ); dorsal disc on submedian area of abdomen with tubercle-shaped ornamentations across both anterior and posterior areas of A1–A6 ( Figs 137, 139, 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ); caudal setae ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ) as long as 2.8–3.4 times the length of VO ring [commonly on Lantana , but also on Hibiscus , Eupatorium , and Morus ]..... T. lantanae
6'. Puparium less markedly oblanceolate, less narrowed caudally (width at level of anterior margin of operculum 130–205; maximum width/width at level of anterior margin of operculum 2.0–2.6); dorsal disc on submedian area of thorax devoid of tubercle-shaped ornamentations (Fig. 170); dorsal disc on submedian area of A1–A6 with tubercle-shaped ornamentations only across anterior area ( Fig. 169 View FIGURE 169 ); caudal setae ( Fig. 169 View FIGURE 169 ) as long as 0.4–0.6 times the length of VO ring [on Rhamnus ]............................................................................................... T. oblanceolata
7(5'). Dorsal submargin lacking crescent shaped crenulations or tubercles ( Figs 69 View FIGURES 69 , 71 View FIGURES 70–75 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 )........................... 8
7'. Dorsal submargin with crescent shaped crenulations or tubercles arranged in transverse rows ( Figs 51 View FIGURE 51 , 52 View FIGURE 52 , 57–60 View FIGURES 53–58 View FIGURES 59–64 , 178 View FIGURES 177–182 , 201– 203, 205 View FIGURE 201 View FIGURE 202 View FIGURES 203–209 )........................................................................................... 9
8(7). Puparium elliptical ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 69 ), apparently lacking any lateral wax ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 5–8 ); with small tubercles on sides of dorsal disc and minute granulations along sutures (gr; Figs 75–77 View FIGURES 70–75 View FIGURES 76–81 ) [on Pluchea and other Asteraceae ]........................ T. coachellensis
8'. Puparium broadly oval ( Fig. 127 View FIGURE 127 ), with a wide marginal fringe of striated shiny wax ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 17–20 ); lacking tubercles on sides of dorsal disc and minute granulations along sutures ( Figs 127 View FIGURE 127 , 132 View FIGURES 128–133 ) [on Salvia and various other plants, including Asteraceae ].............................................................................................. T. laingi
9(7'). Deflexed submargin smooth, lacking granulations ( Fig. 206 View FIGURES 203–209 ); dorsal disc on anterior margin of A1–A6 with a sclerotized ridge lacking separate distinct tubercles ( Figs 202 View FIGURE 202 , 205 View FIGURES 203–209 ) [on Ceanothus parvifolius ].............................. T. sierrae
9'. Entire width of deflexed submargin with granulations ( Figs 61 View FIGURES 59–64 , 179 View FIGURES 177–182 ); usually with distinct tubercules on dorsal disc across anterior margin of A1–A6 ( Figs 56, 57 View FIGURES 53–58 , 181, 182 View FIGURES 177–182 ).......................................................... 10
10(9'). Mature pupae lacking dorsal wax ( Figs 5, 6 View FIGURES 5–8 ); puparium elliptical with caudal protuberance approximately aligned with apparent margin ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 63–68 View FIGURES 59–64 View FIGURES 65–68 ); VO oval and surrounded by a relatively wide VO ring ( Figs 63 View FIGURES 59–64 , 65–68 View FIGURES 65–68 ); caudal setae about as long as 1.5–3 times the length of operculum ( Figs 51 View FIGURE 51 , 63, 64 View FIGURES 59–64 ) [on Ceanothus and multiple other hosts including Eriodictyon ]............................................................................................... T. ceanothi
10'. Mature pupae with two pairs of dorsal longitudinal wax bands ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–28 ); puparium broadly oval with caudal protuberance forming an obtuse angle with apparent margin ( Figs 176 View FIGURE 176 , 183–186 View FIGURES 183–186 ); VO subrectangular to subquadrate and surrounded by a relatively narrow VO ring ( Figs 183–186 View FIGURES 183–186 ); caudal setae about as long as 1–1.6 times the length of operculum ( Figs 176 View FIGURE 176 , 185 View FIGURES 183–186 ) [on Eriodictyon ]................................................................................ T. ornata
11(1'). Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 36, 43, 97, 159, 160).................................. 12
11'. Longitudinal molting suture smooth ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 118 View FIGURE 118 , 119 View FIGURE 119 ).......................................... 17
12(11) Puparium rounded-oval ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 43, 151, 152); Ce setae and eyespots present ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 43, 151–153) [on Quercus in California]......................................................................................... 13
12'. Puparium oblanceolate, elliptical, or oval with truncate caudal end ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 97 View FIGURE 97 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 ); Ce setae and eyespots absent ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 37 View FIGURES 37–42 , 97 View FIGURE 97 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 ) [on various hosts including Quercus ]................................................... 15
13(12') Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from suture between T2/T3 to submarginal area ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 36); lateral areas of dorsal disc and medial areas of head and T1 smooth or with small granulations not forming a reticulate pattern ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 36)....................................................................................... T. abnormis
13'. Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from TMS to level of mouthparts ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 , 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); lateral areas of dorsal disc and medial areas of head and T1 with large rounded tubercles forming a reticulate pattern ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44, 46, 48 View FIGURES 44–49 , 151–153, 155 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 )...................................................................................... 14
14(13') Eyespots oval ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ); TMS U-shaped, with medial section almost straight and distal ends bent at almost 90 degrees ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ); caudal setae close together, originating at or mesad of levels of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 49 View FIGURES 44–49 ). T. agrifoliae
14'. Eyespots slit-like ( Figs 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); TMS W-shaped, with medial section curved anteriorly and distal ends bent at about 45 degrees ( Figs 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); caudal setae widely separated, originating laterad of levels of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 151 View FIGURE 151 , 152 View FIGURE 152 , 155, 157, 158 View FIGURES 153–158 )......................................................................... T. nevadensis
15(12') Puparium oblanceolate (width at anterior margin of operculum 120–175) with a pronounced caudal protuberance ( Figs 97 View FIGURE 97 , 102, 103 View FIGURES 98–103 ); submedian area of thorax with granulations along sutures and depressions (gr; Fig. 98 View FIGURES 98–103 ); abdominal depressions lined with granulations (gr; Fig. 99 View FIGURES 98–103 ); deflexed subdorsum with transverse rows of granulations across its entire width ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 98–103 ) [on Psidium guajava in California].................................................................. T. guajavae
15'. Puparium oval to elliptical (width at anterior margin of operculum 195–485), with caudal protuberance absent or moderate ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41, 42 View FIGURES 37–42 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 , 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); submedian area of thorax smooth ( Figs 37 View FIGURES 37–42 , 161 View FIGURES 161–167 ); abdominal depressions not lined with granulations ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 165 View FIGURES 161–167 ); deflexed subdorsum with transverse rows of small granulations arranged in compact clusters across about half to 3/4 of its width ( Figs 40 View FIGURES 37–42 , 164 View FIGURES 161–167 )............................................................... 16
16(15'). Puparium oval with caudal end truncate lacking a caudal protuberance ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41, 42 View FIGURES 37–42 ), with a narrow lateral ring of amorphous wax visible dorsally ( Figs 1, 2 View FIGURES 1–4 ); lateral area of dorsal disc smooth ( Figs 36–38 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURES 37–42 ); dorsal submargin smooth ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–42 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of small granulations usually arranged in 1–3 compact clusters extending across about half to 2/3 of its width (gr; Fig. 40 View FIGURES 37–42 ); VO cordate ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41 View FIGURES 37–42 ); VO ring subcordate with anterior margin well defined and anterior portion delimited from remainder of ring and sculpted with crests ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41 View FIGURES 37–42 ); venter with groups of strong spines (spi) medially to legs ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 37–42 ) [on Arctostaphylos ]...................................................... T. acaudata
16'. Puparium elliptical with a caudal protuberance ( Figs 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 , 167), with fragmentary lateral wax not visible dorsally ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 21–24 ); lateral area of dorsal disc with small tubercles ( Figs 161, 165 View FIGURES 161–167 ); dorsal submargin with small tubercles ( Fig. 162 View FIGURES 161–167 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of small granulations usually arranged in 7–9 compact clusters extending across about 3/4 of its width (gr; Fig. 164 View FIGURES 161–167 ); VO subcordate ( Figs 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); VO ring cordate and open anteriorly, lacking crests ( Figs 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); venter with groups of spinulae (sp) medially to legs ( Fig. 163 View FIGURES 161–167 ) [on multiple hosts including Arctostaphylos ]...... T. nigrans
17(11'). With eyespots ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 143–145 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); dorsal submargin lacking a row of membranous papillae ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 142–146 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); with two or four ventral membranous sacs (vs) on thorax ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 90–96 )................................................. 18
17'. Lacking eyespots ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 118 View FIGURE 118 , 119 View FIGURE 119 ); dorsal submargin with a row of membranous papillae (S pap; Figs 13, 15 View FIGURES 13–16 , 104, 105, 107–109, 114, 115, 118–120, 122); with five ventral membranous sacs (vs) on thorax ( Figs 110, 111 View FIGURES 106–111 , 121 View FIGURES 120–126 ) [on Condea ]... 19
18(17). Apparent margin with an indentation at anterior end and three rounded projections, one each adjacent to lateral ends of TMS and at caudal end ( Figs 9 View FIGURES 9–12 , 89); Ce setae absent; T2, T3, and dorsal A8 setae originating from bulbous bases ( Figs 89–91, 95 View FIGURE 89 View FIGURES 90–96 ); dorsal disc and submargin lacking imbrications or granulations, with cobblestone pattern of depressions of variable extension ( Figs 89–91 View FIGURE 89 View FIGURES 90–96 ); deflexed submargin with narrow band of small granulations adjacent to marginal teeth and with a row of paired pores (pr) and porettes (pt) ( Figs 93, 94 View FIGURES 90–96 ); venter extensively spinulose ( Figs 92, 93 View FIGURES 90–96 ) [on Fouquieria and other hosts]........................................................................................ T. fouquieriasplendens
18'. Apparent margin lacking projections ( Figs 142 View FIGURE 142 , 143 View FIGURE 143 ); Ce setae present; T2, T3, and dorsal A8 setae not arising from bulbous bases ( Figs 144, 145, 149 View FIGURES 144–150 ); sides of dorsal disc with granulations forming a reticulate pattern and dorsal submargin with rows of transverse crests ( Figs 142–146 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); deflexed submargin with a wide band of rounded granulations and a row of single pores (pr; Figs 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ); venter with spinulae on wide bands along leg bases and around mouthparts (sp; Fig. 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ) absent from abdomen [on Quercus ]........................................................................ T. mexicana (in part)
19(17'). Dorsal disc with large tubercles on medial area lateral to mouthparts, along thoracic sutures, anterior and posterior margins of A1–A7, and on lateral areas ( Figs 104–107 View FIGURE 104 View FIGURE 105 View FIGURES 106–111 , 112, 114, 115 View FIGURES 112–117 ); 3–5 papillae (usually 4) (S pap) on each side of abdominal submargin only ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 114–116 View FIGURES 112–117 ); TMS ending on submargin almost at apparent margin ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 107, 108 View FIGURES 106–111 ); with a row of double pores, a larger one with dark rim and an adjacent minute one (pr & pt), between dorsal disc and submargin ( Figs 114, 116 View FIGURES 112–117 ); deflexed submargin with dark granulations extending over its entire width lacking a particular pattern ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 112–117 ); abdominal anteromedial depressions inconspicuous ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 , 112, 114, 115 View FIGURES 112–117 ); VO ring subtriangular ( Figs 115–117 View FIGURES 112–117 ); venter smooth except for spinulae (sp) along margins and medially to leg bases ( Figs 111 View FIGURES 106–111 )................... T. hoelmeri
19'. Dorsal disc devoid of large tubercles ( Figs 118–120 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); 6–8 papillae (S pap) on each side of thoracic and abdominal submargin, plus usually a medial one on cephalic submargin ( Figs 118–120, 122 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); TMS barely extending onto submargin ( Figs 118–120 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); with a row of single pores (pr) between dorsal disc and submargin ( Figs 122, 124 View FIGURES 120–126 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of one to three clusters of dark granulations (gr) adjacent to the margin ( Figs 125, 126 View FIGURES 120–126 ); abdominal anteromedial depressions (de) conspicuous ( Figs 118–122 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); VO ring subcordate ( Figs 119 View FIGURE 119 , 122, 124 View FIGURES 120–126 ); venter uniformly covered with closely-set spinulae ( Fig. 123 View FIGURES 120–126 ).................................................................................... T. hyptisemoryi
| TMS |
Toleco Museum of Health and Natural History |
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