Tetralicia, Harrison, Harrison, 1917

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Gill, Raymond J., 2024, The genus Tetralicia Harrison (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) in California, U. S. A., with the description of five new species and a redescription of Tetralicia granulata Sampson & Drews, 1941, Zootaxa 5527 (1), pp. 1-129 : 7-9

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5527.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:771D2E7B-4025-45BF-B328-6EC8A8851ECD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14046320

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787AA-FFB9-FFD5-FF45-040EFA6CB0AD

treatment provided by

Plazi (2024-11-01 08:59:29, last updated 2024-11-26 06:38:51)

scientific name

Tetralicia
status

 

Key to puparia of California species View in CoL

1. TMS reaching apparent margin ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 69 View FIGURES 69 , 72 View FIGURES 70–75 , 82 View FIGURE 82 , 83 View FIGURES 83–88 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 , 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 168 View FIGURE 168 –170, 175–177, 187–189, 201–203)... 2

1'. TMS not reaching apparent margin ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 36, 38, 43, 44, 89–91, 97, 98, 104, 105, 107, 108, 118–120, 159–161, 186–188)................................................................................................... 11

2(1). Longitudinal molting suture smooth, not lined with tubercles; dorsal disc of head with tubercles on entire median area ( Figs 142–145 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 , 187–189 View FIGURE 187 View FIGURE 188 View FIGURES 189–194 )................................................................................... 3

2'. Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles; dorsal disc of head with tubercles entirely absent from median area or limited to area over mouthparts ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 69 View FIGURES 69 , 70 View FIGURES 70–75 , 82 View FIGURE 82 , 83 View FIGURES 83–88 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 , 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 168 View FIGURE 168 –170, 175–177, 201–203)................. 4

3(2'). Mature pupae devoid of dorsal wax; eyespots and Ce setae present ( Figs 142–145 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); marginal glandular teeth quadrangular with rounded tips and not differentiated at level of tracheal and caudal openings ( Fig. 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ); VO lacking petal-shaped projections ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 144–150 ) [on Quercus ]................................................................ T. mexicana (in part)

3'. Mature pupae with one dorsolateral wax band on each side divided into cephalic, thoracic and abdominal sections ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–28 ); eyespots and Ce setae absent ( Figs 187–189 View FIGURE 187 View FIGURE 188 View FIGURES 189–194 ); marginal teeth subtriangular and slightly differentiated (wider) at level of tracheal and caudal openings, accompanied by granulations on venter (gr; Figs 193, 194 View FIGURES 189–194 , 196, 199 View FIGURES 195–200 ); VO with four petal-shaped lateroapical projections (PePr; Figs 195–197, 199, 200 View FIGURES 195–200 ) [on Hymenoclea salsola ]........................... T. salsolae

4(2') Mature pupae with amorphous lateral wax directed upwards from true margin covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 5–8 ); puparium more elevated, with deflexed submargin as wide as 0.7–1.0 of body radius; dorsomedial area of A1–A7 with short longitudinal striations ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 83–88 ); venter medially to leg bases smooth ( Fig. 84 View FIGURES 83–88 ) [on Eriogonum ]......... T. eriogonum

4'. Mature pupae with lateral wax not directed upwards from true margin covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally (e. g., Figs 19 View FIGURES 17–20 , 23 View FIGURES 21–24 , 26 View FIGURES 25–28 ); puparium less elevated, with deflexed submargin as wide as 0.4–0.7 of body radius; dorsomedial area of A1–A7 lacking longitudinal striations ( Figs 56–58 View FIGURES 53–58 , 75–77 View FIGURES 70–75 View FIGURES 76–81 , 132 View FIGURES 128–133 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 , 169 View FIGURE 169 , 182 View FIGURES 177–182 , 205 View FIGURES 203–209 ); venter medially to leg bases with spinulae (sp; Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 73 View FIGURES 70–75 , 130 View FIGURES 128–133 , 138 View FIGURES 136–141 , 171, 180, 204).................................................................. 5

5(4'). Puparium elliptical-oblanceolate with a pronounced caudal protuberance ( Figs 18, 19 View FIGURES 17–20 , 23, 24 View FIGURES 21–24 , 34, 35 View FIGURES 30–35 , 168, 169); VO located on a promontory (best seen in dorsolateral view, Fig. 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ); with two membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic legs ( Figs 138 View FIGURES 136–141 , 171)................................................................................... 6

5'. Puparium elliptical to oval with caudal protuberance moderate to only insinuated ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURES 1–4 View FIGURES 5–8 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 , 17 View FIGURES 17–20 , 25, 26 View FIGURES 25–28 , 50, 51, 69, 127, 176, 201, 202); VO not located on a promontory; usually with four membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic legs ( Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 130 View FIGURES 128–133 , 180 View FIGURES 177–182 , 204 View FIGURES 203–209 )................................................................................ 7

6(5). Puparium markedly oblanceolate, distinctly narrowed caudally (width at level of anterior margin of operculum 80–120; maximum width/width at level of anterior margin of operculum 2.7–4.4); dorsal disc on submedian area of thorax entirely covered with tubercle-shaped ornamentations ( Fig. 136 View FIGURES 136–141 ); dorsal disc on submedian area of abdomen with tubercle-shaped ornamentations across both anterior and posterior areas of A1–A6 ( Figs 137, 139, 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ); caudal setae ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ) as long as 2.8–3.4 times the length of VO ring [commonly on Lantana , but also on Hibiscus , Eupatorium , and Morus ]..... T. lantanae

6'. Puparium less markedly oblanceolate, less narrowed caudally (width at level of anterior margin of operculum 130–205; maximum width/width at level of anterior margin of operculum 2.0–2.6); dorsal disc on submedian area of thorax devoid of tubercle-shaped ornamentations (Fig. 170); dorsal disc on submedian area of A1–A6 with tubercle-shaped ornamentations only across anterior area ( Fig. 169 View FIGURE 169 ); caudal setae ( Fig. 169 View FIGURE 169 ) as long as 0.4–0.6 times the length of VO ring [on Rhamnus ]............................................................................................... T. oblanceolata

7(5'). Dorsal submargin lacking crescent shaped crenulations or tubercles ( Figs 69 View FIGURES 69 , 71 View FIGURES 70–75 , 127 View FIGURE 127 , 128 View FIGURES 128–133 )........................... 8

7'. Dorsal submargin with crescent shaped crenulations or tubercles arranged in transverse rows ( Figs 51 View FIGURE 51 , 52 View FIGURE 52 , 57–60 View FIGURES 53–58 View FIGURES 59–64 , 178 View FIGURES 177–182 , 201– 203, 205 View FIGURE 201 View FIGURE 202 View FIGURES 203–209 )........................................................................................... 9

8(7). Puparium elliptical ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 69 ), apparently lacking any lateral wax ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 5–8 ); with small tubercles on sides of dorsal disc and minute granulations along sutures (gr; Figs 75–77 View FIGURES 70–75 View FIGURES 76–81 ) [on Pluchea and other Asteraceae ]........................ T. coachellensis

8'. Puparium broadly oval ( Fig. 127 View FIGURE 127 ), with a wide marginal fringe of striated shiny wax ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 17–20 ); lacking tubercles on sides of dorsal disc and minute granulations along sutures ( Figs 127 View FIGURE 127 , 132 View FIGURES 128–133 ) [on Salvia and various other plants, including Asteraceae ].............................................................................................. T. laingi

9(7'). Deflexed submargin smooth, lacking granulations ( Fig. 206 View FIGURES 203–209 ); dorsal disc on anterior margin of A1–A6 with a sclerotized ridge lacking separate distinct tubercles ( Figs 202 View FIGURE 202 , 205 View FIGURES 203–209 ) [on Ceanothus parvifolius ].............................. T. sierrae

9'. Entire width of deflexed submargin with granulations ( Figs 61 View FIGURES 59–64 , 179 View FIGURES 177–182 ); usually with distinct tubercules on dorsal disc across anterior margin of A1–A6 ( Figs 56, 57 View FIGURES 53–58 , 181, 182 View FIGURES 177–182 ).......................................................... 10

10(9'). Mature pupae lacking dorsal wax ( Figs 5, 6 View FIGURES 5–8 ); puparium elliptical with caudal protuberance approximately aligned with apparent margin ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 , 51 View FIGURE 51 , 63–68 View FIGURES 59–64 View FIGURES 65–68 ); VO oval and surrounded by a relatively wide VO ring ( Figs 63 View FIGURES 59–64 , 65–68 View FIGURES 65–68 ); caudal setae about as long as 1.5–3 times the length of operculum ( Figs 51 View FIGURE 51 , 63, 64 View FIGURES 59–64 ) [on Ceanothus and multiple other hosts including Eriodictyon ]............................................................................................... T. ceanothi

10'. Mature pupae with two pairs of dorsal longitudinal wax bands ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–28 ); puparium broadly oval with caudal protuberance forming an obtuse angle with apparent margin ( Figs 176 View FIGURE 176 , 183–186 View FIGURES 183–186 ); VO subrectangular to subquadrate and surrounded by a relatively narrow VO ring ( Figs 183–186 View FIGURES 183–186 ); caudal setae about as long as 1–1.6 times the length of operculum ( Figs 176 View FIGURE 176 , 185 View FIGURES 183–186 ) [on Eriodictyon ]................................................................................ T. ornata

11(1'). Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 36, 43, 97, 159, 160).................................. 12

11'. Longitudinal molting suture smooth ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 118 View FIGURE 118 , 119 View FIGURE 119 ).......................................... 17

12(11) Puparium rounded-oval ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 43, 151, 152); Ce setae and eyespots present ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 43, 151–153) [on Quercus in California]......................................................................................... 13

12'. Puparium oblanceolate, elliptical, or oval with truncate caudal end ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 97 View FIGURE 97 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 ); Ce setae and eyespots absent ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 37 View FIGURES 37–42 , 97 View FIGURE 97 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 ) [on various hosts including Quercus ]................................................... 15

13(12') Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from suture between T2/T3 to submarginal area ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 36); lateral areas of dorsal disc and medial areas of head and T1 smooth or with small granulations not forming a reticulate pattern ( Figs 29 View FIGURE 29 , 30 View FIGURES 30–35 , 36)....................................................................................... T. abnormis

13'. Longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from TMS to level of mouthparts ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 , 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); lateral areas of dorsal disc and medial areas of head and T1 with large rounded tubercles forming a reticulate pattern ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44, 46, 48 View FIGURES 44–49 , 151–153, 155 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 )...................................................................................... 14

14(13') Eyespots oval ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ); TMS U-shaped, with medial section almost straight and distal ends bent at almost 90 degrees ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 44 View FIGURES 44–49 ); caudal setae close together, originating at or mesad of levels of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 43 View FIGURE 43 , 49 View FIGURES 44–49 ). T. agrifoliae

14'. Eyespots slit-like ( Figs 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); TMS W-shaped, with medial section curved anteriorly and distal ends bent at about 45 degrees ( Figs 151–153 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ); caudal setae widely separated, originating laterad of levels of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 151 View FIGURE 151 , 152 View FIGURE 152 , 155, 157, 158 View FIGURES 153–158 )......................................................................... T. nevadensis

15(12') Puparium oblanceolate (width at anterior margin of operculum 120–175) with a pronounced caudal protuberance ( Figs 97 View FIGURE 97 , 102, 103 View FIGURES 98–103 ); submedian area of thorax with granulations along sutures and depressions (gr; Fig. 98 View FIGURES 98–103 ); abdominal depressions lined with granulations (gr; Fig. 99 View FIGURES 98–103 ); deflexed subdorsum with transverse rows of granulations across its entire width ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 98–103 ) [on Psidium guajava in California].................................................................. T. guajavae

15'. Puparium oval to elliptical (width at anterior margin of operculum 195–485), with caudal protuberance absent or moderate ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41, 42 View FIGURES 37–42 , 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 , 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); submedian area of thorax smooth ( Figs 37 View FIGURES 37–42 , 161 View FIGURES 161–167 ); abdominal depressions not lined with granulations ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 165 View FIGURES 161–167 ); deflexed subdorsum with transverse rows of small granulations arranged in compact clusters across about half to 3/4 of its width ( Figs 40 View FIGURES 37–42 , 164 View FIGURES 161–167 )............................................................... 16

16(15'). Puparium oval with caudal end truncate lacking a caudal protuberance ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41, 42 View FIGURES 37–42 ), with a narrow lateral ring of amorphous wax visible dorsally ( Figs 1, 2 View FIGURES 1–4 ); lateral area of dorsal disc smooth ( Figs 36–38 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURES 37–42 ); dorsal submargin smooth ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–42 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of small granulations usually arranged in 1–3 compact clusters extending across about half to 2/3 of its width (gr; Fig. 40 View FIGURES 37–42 ); VO cordate ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41 View FIGURES 37–42 ); VO ring subcordate with anterior margin well defined and anterior portion delimited from remainder of ring and sculpted with crests ( Figs 36 View FIGURE 36 , 41 View FIGURES 37–42 ); venter with groups of strong spines (spi) medially to legs ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 37–42 ) [on Arctostaphylos ]...................................................... T. acaudata

16'. Puparium elliptical with a caudal protuberance ( Figs 159 View FIGURE 159 , 160 View FIGURES 160 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 , 167), with fragmentary lateral wax not visible dorsally ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 21–24 ); lateral area of dorsal disc with small tubercles ( Figs 161, 165 View FIGURES 161–167 ); dorsal submargin with small tubercles ( Fig. 162 View FIGURES 161–167 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of small granulations usually arranged in 7–9 compact clusters extending across about 3/4 of its width (gr; Fig. 164 View FIGURES 161–167 ); VO subcordate ( Figs 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); VO ring cordate and open anteriorly, lacking crests ( Figs 166, 167 View FIGURES 161–167 ); venter with groups of spinulae (sp) medially to legs ( Fig. 163 View FIGURES 161–167 ) [on multiple hosts including Arctostaphylos ]...... T. nigrans

17(11'). With eyespots ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 143–145 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); dorsal submargin lacking a row of membranous papillae ( Figs 89 View FIGURE 89 , 90 View FIGURES 90–96 , 142–146 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); with two or four ventral membranous sacs (vs) on thorax ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 90–96 )................................................. 18

17'. Lacking eyespots ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 118 View FIGURE 118 , 119 View FIGURE 119 ); dorsal submargin with a row of membranous papillae (S pap; Figs 13, 15 View FIGURES 13–16 , 104, 105, 107–109, 114, 115, 118–120, 122); with five ventral membranous sacs (vs) on thorax ( Figs 110, 111 View FIGURES 106–111 , 121 View FIGURES 120–126 ) [on Condea ]... 19

18(17). Apparent margin with an indentation at anterior end and three rounded projections, one each adjacent to lateral ends of TMS and at caudal end ( Figs 9 View FIGURES 9–12 , 89); Ce setae absent; T2, T3, and dorsal A8 setae originating from bulbous bases ( Figs 89–91, 95 View FIGURE 89 View FIGURES 90–96 ); dorsal disc and submargin lacking imbrications or granulations, with cobblestone pattern of depressions of variable extension ( Figs 89–91 View FIGURE 89 View FIGURES 90–96 ); deflexed submargin with narrow band of small granulations adjacent to marginal teeth and with a row of paired pores (pr) and porettes (pt) ( Figs 93, 94 View FIGURES 90–96 ); venter extensively spinulose ( Figs 92, 93 View FIGURES 90–96 ) [on Fouquieria and other hosts]........................................................................................ T. fouquieriasplendens

18'. Apparent margin lacking projections ( Figs 142 View FIGURE 142 , 143 View FIGURE 143 ); Ce setae present; T2, T3, and dorsal A8 setae not arising from bulbous bases ( Figs 144, 145, 149 View FIGURES 144–150 ); sides of dorsal disc with granulations forming a reticulate pattern and dorsal submargin with rows of transverse crests ( Figs 142–146 View FIGURE 142 View FIGURE 143 View FIGURES 144–150 ); deflexed submargin with a wide band of rounded granulations and a row of single pores (pr; Figs 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ); venter with spinulae on wide bands along leg bases and around mouthparts (sp; Fig. 147 View FIGURES 144–150 ) absent from abdomen [on Quercus ]........................................................................ T. mexicana (in part)

19(17'). Dorsal disc with large tubercles on medial area lateral to mouthparts, along thoracic sutures, anterior and posterior margins of A1–A7, and on lateral areas ( Figs 104–107 View FIGURE 104 View FIGURE 105 View FIGURES 106–111 , 112, 114, 115 View FIGURES 112–117 ); 3–5 papillae (usually 4) (S pap) on each side of abdominal submargin only ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 114–116 View FIGURES 112–117 ); TMS ending on submargin almost at apparent margin ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 107, 108 View FIGURES 106–111 ); with a row of double pores, a larger one with dark rim and an adjacent minute one (pr & pt), between dorsal disc and submargin ( Figs 114, 116 View FIGURES 112–117 ); deflexed submargin with dark granulations extending over its entire width lacking a particular pattern ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 112–117 ); abdominal anteromedial depressions inconspicuous ( Figs 104 View FIGURE 104 , 105 View FIGURE 105 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 , 112, 114, 115 View FIGURES 112–117 ); VO ring subtriangular ( Figs 115–117 View FIGURES 112–117 ); venter smooth except for spinulae (sp) along margins and medially to leg bases ( Figs 111 View FIGURES 106–111 )................... T. hoelmeri

19'. Dorsal disc devoid of large tubercles ( Figs 118–120 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); 6–8 papillae (S pap) on each side of thoracic and abdominal submargin, plus usually a medial one on cephalic submargin ( Figs 118–120, 122 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); TMS barely extending onto submargin ( Figs 118–120 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); with a row of single pores (pr) between dorsal disc and submargin ( Figs 122, 124 View FIGURES 120–126 ); deflexed submargin with transverse rows of one to three clusters of dark granulations (gr) adjacent to the margin ( Figs 125, 126 View FIGURES 120–126 ); abdominal anteromedial depressions (de) conspicuous ( Figs 118–122 View FIGURE 118 View FIGURE 119 View FIGURES 120–126 ); VO ring subcordate ( Figs 119 View FIGURE 119 , 122, 124 View FIGURES 120–126 ); venter uniformly covered with closely-set spinulae ( Fig. 123 View FIGURES 120–126 ).................................................................................... T. hyptisemoryi

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FIGURE 29. Tetralicia abnormis, Mendocino Co., Covelo, on Quercus chrysolepis: Habitus.

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FIGURE 36. Tetralicia acaudata, Neotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 43. Tetralicia agrifoliae sp. nov., Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 50. Tetralicia ceanothi, Paratype?: Habitus.

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FIGURE 51. Tetralicia ceanothi, Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita: Habitus.

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FIGURE 52. Tetralicia ceanothi, Amador Co., W of Drytown on Highway 16, on Ceanothus: Habitus. Note that puparium is distorted on slide, with deflexed margin folded outwardly so that apparent margin is not marginal.

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FIGURES 69. Tetralicia coachellensis, Neotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 82. Tetralicia eriogonum, San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum: Habitus. Note that puparium (also depicted in Fig. 83) is distorted on slide, with deflexed margin folded outwardly so that apparent margin is not marginal and folded ventrally upon itself with teeth on true margin directed outwardly rather than medially.

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FIGURE 89. Tetralicia fouquieriasplendens, Riverside Co., Palm Desert, Living Desert Museum, on Jatropha cuneata: Habitus.

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FIGURE 97. Tetralicia guajavae sp. nov., Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 104. Tetralicia hoelmeri sp. nov., Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 105. Tetralicia hoelmeri sp. nov., Paratype puparium, Riverside Co., Living Desert, Palm Desert, on desert lavender: Habitus.

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FIGURE 118. Tetralicia hyptisemoryi, Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 119. Tetralicia hyptisemoryi, Paratype, Riverside Co., Deep Canyon, 25.iii. 2009: Habitus.

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FIGURE 127. Tetralicia laingi, Neotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 134. Tetralicia lantanae sp. nov., Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 135. Tetralicia lantanae sp. nov., Paratype puparium, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Barbara, on Hibiscus: Habitus.

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FIGURE 142. Tetralicia mexicana, California, on oak: Habitus.

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FIGURE 143. Tetralicia mexicana, Sierra Madre, on Quercus: Habitus.

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FIGURES 144–150. Tetralicia mexicana: 144, 146, 149, 150: Sierra Madre, on Quercus; 145, 148: San Bernardino County, New York Mountains of E San Bernadino Co., on Quercus turbinella; 147, 149: California, on oak. 144, 145: Dorsal disc and submargin of cephalothorax; 147: Dorsal submargin; 147: Venter of T1–T3; 148: Dorsal disc of A3–A8; 149: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 150: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

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FIGURE 151. Tetralicia nevadensis, San Bernardino Co., New York Mountains of E San Bernadino Co., on Quercus turbinella: Habitus of puparium.

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FIGURE 152. Tetralicia nevadensis, Nevada, Clark Co., Paratype, Red Rock Canyon, Sand Stone Quarry, on Quercus: Habitus.

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FIGURES 153–158. Tetralicia nevadensis: 153, 155: Nevada, Clark Co., Paratype, Red Rock Canyon, Sand Stone Quarry, on Quercus; 154, 156, 158: Arizona, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, Mezetzal Mountains, on oak; 157: San Bernardino Co., New York Mountains of E San Bernadino Co., on Quercus turbinella. 153: Dorsal disc and submargin of cephalothorax; 154: Deflexed submargin of T2–T3; 155: Dorsum of abdomen; 156: Venter of T1–T3; 157, 158: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view.

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FIGURE 159. Tetralicia nigrans, Orange Co., Trabuco Canyon, on manzanita, #12 [ex W.W. Sampson Coll., CSCA]: Habitus.

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FIGURES 160. Tetralicia nigrans, San Diego Co., Escondido, on apple, 2.x.1975, Giesing & Bixby coll. [CSCA]: Habitus.

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FIGURE 168. Tetralicia oblanceolata, Neotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 169. Tetralicia oblanceolata, Orange Co., Silverado Canyon, on Rhamnus ilicifolia: Habitus.

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FIGURE 176. Tetralicia ornata, Neotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 187. Tetralicia salsolae sp. nov., Holotype: Habitus.

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FIGURE 188. Tetralicia salsolae sp. nov., Paratype, Imperial Co., Calipatria, on Ambrosia salsola: Habitus.

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FIGURES 189–194. Tetralicia salsolae sp. nov.: 189–193: Holotype: 194: Paratype, same data as holotype but 22.ix.1994. 189: Cephalothorax, dorsal disc; 190: Detail of dorsal disc and submargin; 191: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 192: Detail of deflexed submargin; 193: Venter T2 and T3; 194: Detail of tracheal cleft.

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FIGURE 201. Tetralicia sierrae, Paratype?: Habitus.

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FIGURE 202. Tetralicia sierrae, Paratype?: Habitus.

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FIGURES 203–209. Tetralicia sierrae: 203, 205, 207, 208: Paratypes?; 204, 206, 209: Mariposa Co., between Crow and Signal Peaks, on Ceanothus parvifolius. 203: Cephalothoracic dorsal disc and submargin; 204: Venter T2 and T3; 205: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 206: Detail of deflexed submargin; 207, 208: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 209: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

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FIGURES 70–75. Tetralicia coachellensis: 70, 71, 73–75: Neotype; 72: Imperial Co., Winterhaven, on Stephanomeria. 70: Detail dorsum of T2 and T3; 71: Detail dorsal submargin; 72: Dorsal submargin and disc of T2 and T3; 73: Detail deflexed submargin; 74: Dorsal submargin and disc of A1–A6; 75: Detail of A1–A3 dorsum.

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FIGURES 83–88. Tetralicia eriogonum: 83: San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum; 84, 85: Los Angeles Co., Monrovia, on E. fasciculatum; 86, 87: Los Angeles Co., 3 mi S of Gorman, on E. fasciculatum; 88: San Bernardino Co., Highway 91 to Las Vegas, on E. fasciculatum ssp. polifolium. 83: Dorsal submargin and disc of thorax; 84: Venter of thorax; 85: Detail ventral submargin; 86: Medial area of A1–A5; 87: Dorsal submargin and disc of abdomen; 88: Detail caudal end.

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FIGURES 128–133. Tetralicia laingi: 128, 129, 132, 133: Neotype; 130, 131: San Diego Co., highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana. 128: Dorsal disc and submargin of thorax; 129: Deflexed submargin; 130: Detail venter of T2 and T3; 131: Detail vasiform orifice; 132: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 133: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

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FIGURES 25–28. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 25, 26: T. ornata, San Bernardino Co., Mentone, on Eriodictyon californicum, 25: dorsal view, 26: dorsolateral view; 27, 28: T. salsolae sp. nov., Imperial Co., Ocotillo, on Ambrosia salsola, 27: dorsal view, 28: dorsolateral view. Figs 25, 26 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison, 28 by R.J. Gill.

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FIGURES 195–200. Tetralicia salsolae sp. nov.: 195, 196: Holotype; 197–200: Paratypes, same data as holotype but 22.ix.1994. 195, 197: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 196, 198: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view; 199: Caudal end of abdomen; 200: Detail VO, dorsal view. Note: operculum (OP) and lingula (Li) are directed anteriorly in Fig. 182.

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FIGURES 5–8. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 5: T. ceanothi, San Bernardino Co., Mountain Home Village, Mill Creek. 6: T. ceanothi, San Joaquin Co., Lake Camanche, on Arctostaphylos; 7: T. coachellensis, Riverside Co., Coachella, on arrowwood; 8: T. eriogonum, San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum; Figs 5, 6, 8 by R.J. Gill, 7 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

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FIGURES 17–20. Tetralicia in situ: 17–19: puparia; 20: adult. 17: T. laingi, San Diego Co., highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana; 18, 19: T. lantanae sp. nov., Riverside Co., University of California Riverside, on Lantana, 18: dorsal view, 19: dorsolateral view; 20: T. lantanae sp. nov., San Diego Co., Chula Vista, on Lantana, 22.viii.1992, J. Kenyon coll. [no voucher available]. Figs 17, 20 by R.J. Gill, 18, 19 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

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FIGURES 21–24. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 21, 22: T. nigrans, Yolo Co., Rumsey, on Heteromeles arbutifolia [no voucher available]; 23, 24: T. oblanceolata, Los Angeles Co., Hungry Valley Road, on Rhamnus. Figs 21–24 by R.J. Gill.

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FIGURES 53–58. Tetralicia ceanothi: 53, 56: Paratype?; 54: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus; 55: Amador Co., W of Drytown on Highway 16, on Ceanothus; 57: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 58: San Diego Co., San Diego, on Eriogonum. 53: Dorsal disc of thorax; 54, 55: Detail dorsum of T2 and T3; 56–58: Dorsal submargin and dorsal disc of A1–A5.

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FIGURES 136–141. Tetralicia lantanae sp. nov.: 136–139: Holotype; 140: Paratype, San Diego Co., San Diego, on Lantana; 141: Paratype, Orange Co., Anaheim, on Lantana. 136: Dorsal disc of thorax; 137: Dorsal disc and submargin of A1–A6; 138: Venter of T2 and T3; 139: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 140: Detail VO; 141: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsolateral view.

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FIGURES 177–182. Tetralicia ornata: 177: San Bernardino Co., Highland, on yerba santa; 178, 182: Neotype; 179–181: San Bernardino Co., 4 mi E of Mentone. 177: Cephalothorax, dorsal disc; 178: Detail of dorsal submargin; 179: Detail of deflexed submargin; 180: Venter T2 and T3; 181: Detail of A1–A3 dorsal disc and submargin; 182: Detail of A3–A7 dorsal disc.

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FIGURES 59–64. Tetralicia ceanothi: 59, 61, 62: Paratype?; 60: San Diego Co., San Felipe, Junction of Highways 52 & 522, on manzanita; 63: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 64: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus. 59, 60: Detail dorsal submargin; 61: Detail deflexed submargin; 62: Detail venter of thorax; 63, 64: Caudal end, ventral view.

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FIGURES 30–35. Tetralicia abnormis: 30, 32–35: Mendocino Co., Covelo, on Quercus chrysolepis (two puparia): 31: Los Angeles Co., Mt. Wilson, on oak. 30: Anterodorsal section; 31: Anterodorsal section; 32: Anteroventral section; 33: Caudal end, dorsal view; 34: Medial area of A3–A6; 35: Caudal end, ventral view.

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FIGURES 1–4. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 1: T. abnormis, Santa Barbara Co., Los Olivos, on Quercus agrifolia; 2, 3: T. acaudata, 2: Riverside Co., Tin Canyon, on manzanita, 3: San Bernardino Co., Mountain Home Village, Mill Creek Canyon, on manzanita; 4: T. agrifoliae, Riverside Co., Blue Jay Road & Ortega highway, on Quercus agrifolia. Fig. 2, by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison, 1, 3, 4 by R.J. Gill.

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FIGURES 13–16. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 13, 14: T. hoelmeri, Riverside Co.,Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, Palm Springs, on native shrub, 13: dorsal view, 14: posterior view; 15: T. hyptisemoryi, Imperial Co., Shell Canyon, on desert lavender, dorsolateral view; 16: T. laingi, Orange Co., Trabuco, on Salvia. Figs 13–16 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

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FIGURES 65–68. Tetralicia ceanothi: 65: Paratype?; 66: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 67: San Diego Co., San Felipe, Junction of Highways 52 & 522, on manzanita; 68: San Diego Co., San Diego, on Eriogonum. 65–68: Detail caudal end, dorsal view.

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FIGURES 183–186. Tetralicia ornata, caudal end of puparium, dorsal view. 183, 185: Neotype; 184: San Bernardino Co., Mentone, Eriodictyon; 186: San Bernardino Co., 4 mi E of Mentone.

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FIGURES 90–96. Tetralicia fouquieriasplendens: 90: Riverside Co., Palm Desert, Living Desert Museum, on Jatropha cuneata; 91: Imperial Co., East Desert, on mesquite; 92, 94–96: Imperial Co., Ocotillo, on Fouquieria splendens; 93: Arizona, La Paz Co., Quartzsite, on F. splendens. 90: Dorsal submargin and disc of thorax; 91: T2–A3 dorsal disc; 92: T2–T3 venter; 93: A5–A8 venter; 94: Detail submargin; 95: Detail caudal end, dorsal view; 96: Detail caudal end, ventral view.

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FIGURES 37–42. Tetralicia acaudata: 37–41: Neotype. 37: Anterodorsal section; 38: Detail of dorsal submargin at level of TMS; 39: Anteroventral section; 40: Detail deflexed submargin; 41: Caudal end, dorsal view; 42: Same data as neotype: Caudal end, ventral view.

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FIGURES 44–49. Tetralicia agrifoliae sp. nov.: 44–46: Holotype; 47–49: Paratype: San Diego Co., San Luis Rey River Day Use Area, on Quercus agrifolia. 44: Anterodorsal section; 45: Detail deflexed submargin; 46: Detail dorsal view of vasiform orifice; 47: Detail ventral spinulae; 48: Detail caudal end, dorsal view; 49: Detail caudal end, ventral view.

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FIGURES 98–103. Tetralicia guajavae sp. nov.: 98–100, 102: Holotype; 101: Santa Ana, on Psidium guajava; 103: Los Angeles Co., Compton, on guava. 98: Dorsal submargin and disc of thorax; 99: Dorsal submargin and disc of A1–A5; 100, 101: Detail deflexed submargin; 102, 103: Detail caudal end, 102: dorsal view, 103: dorsolateral view.

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FIGURES 161–167. Tetralicia nigrans: 161–166: Orange Co., Trabuco Canyon, on manzanita, #12; 167: Napa Co., Santa Helena, on Arbutus menziesii. 161: Dorsal disc of T2 and T3; 162: Dorsal disc and submargin of cephalothorax; 163: Venter of T1–T3; 164: Deflexed submargin; 165: Dorsal disc of A1–A5; 166, 167: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view.

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FIGURES 106–111. Tetralicia hoelmeri sp. nov.: 106, 108, 110: Holotype; 107, 109, 111: Paratype, Riverside Co., Living Desert, Palm Desert, on desert lavender. 106: Cephalothorax; 107: T2–A3 dorsal disc and submargin; 108: Detail submargin T3–A2; 109: Detail submargin A2–A5; 110: Venter cephalothorax; 111: Detail venter of T2 and T3.

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FIGURES 120–126. Tetralicia hyptisemoryi: 120–122, 124: Holotype; 125, 126: Paratype, same data as holotype; 123: Paratype, Riverside Co., Deep Canyon, 25.iii. 2009. 120: Dorsal disc and submargin of T2 and T3; 121: Cephalothoracic venter; 122: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 123: Venter of abdomen; 124: Caudal end, dorsal view; 125: Detail deflexed submargin of thorax; 126: Detail deflexed submargin of abdomen.

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FIGURES 9–12. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 9, 10: T. fouquieriasplendens, Riverside Co., Palm Desert, Living Desert Museum, on Fouquieira digetii, 9: dorsal view, 10: dorsolateral view. 11, 12: T. guajavae, Orange Co., Santa Ana, on Psidium guajava, 11: dorsal view, 12: ventral view. Figs 9–12 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

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FIGURES 112–117. Tetralicia hoelmeri sp. nov.: 112–114, 116, 117: Riverside Co., Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, Palm Springs, on native shrub, 112, 113: Paratype; 114, 116, 117: Holotype; 115: Riverside Co., Living Desert, Palm Desert, on desert lavender. 112: Thorax andA1–A6 dorsal disc; 113: Detail deflexed submargin; 114, 115: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 116: Caudal end, dorsal view; 117: Detail vasiform orifice.

TMS

Toleco Museum of Health and Natural History

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Aleyrodidae

Genus

Magnolia