Reinhardorhynchus anamariae Diez, Reygel & Artois, 2021

Diez, Yander L., Monnens, Marlies, Aguirre, Rosa Isabel, Yurduseven, Rana, Jouk, Philippe, Van Steenkiste, Niels W. L., Leander, Brian S., Schockaert, Ernest, Reygel, Patrick, Smeets, Karen & Artois, Tom, 2021, Taxonomy and phylogeny of Koinocystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) with the description of three new genera and twelve new species, Zootaxa 4948 (4), pp. 451-500 : 470-471

Reinhardorhynchus anamariae Diez, Reygel & Artois sp. n.

( Fig. 9 , 12A–C )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68EBA829-BAD3-4F42-A46E-AC35A1F7F38D

Material and distribution. Observations on live specimens, whole mounted afterwards. Four whole mounts, one of which is designated holotype ( FMNH https://id.luomus.fi/ KV.648), the others in HU ( XIII.3.50; XIII.4.01– XIII.4.02), collected in Bueycabón (19°57’38”N; 76°57’28”W) (Type Locality), Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (February 6, 2018), fine-grained sand with organic matter, 0.5 m deep, salinity 33 ‰.

Etymology. Species dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ana María Suárez Alfonso, researcher at the Marine Research Centre of Havana University, Cuba, specialist in taxonomy and ecology of macroalgae. Awarded with the National Award of Marine Sciences of Cuba (2012).

Diagnosis. Species of Reinhardorhynchus gen. n. without eyes. Copulatory bulb enclosing a spiny cirrus and two distal hooks. Cirrus armed with rows of spines ±1 μm long and a ±116-μm-long and inverted L-shaped belt of triangular spines. Proximally, the belt bears ±22-μm-long spines, diminishing in length from one end to the other (the proximal largest one is ±42 μm long and the smallest distal one is ±9 μm long). Distally in the belt, the central spines are ±15 μm long; the lateral ones are ±5 μm long. Larger hook ±51 μm long, distally ending in a sharp tip. Smaller hook ±45 μm long, with a blunt distal tip.

Description. Specimens translucent, 0.9–1.4 mm long (x̄ = 1.2 mm; n = 4), with pinkish-coloured parenchymal glands, and without eyes. The proboscis ( Fig. 9A : pr) is of the typical koinocystidid construction (see Brunet 1972; Karling 1980), possessing a well-developed juncture sphincter; it is 15% of the body length in live specimens. The pharynx ( Fig. 9A : ph) has a diameter of 15% of the body length in live specimens and is located at 50%.

The testes ( Fig. 9A : t) are rostral to the pharynx. Caudal to the pharynx, the vasa deferentia make up the seminal vesicles. The seminal vesicles fuse to form a short seminal duct just before entering the copulatory bulb. The seminal duct runs through the proximal part of the copulatory bulb and opens into the cirrus. The extracapsular prostate glands open proximally into the copulatory bulb. The oval copulatory bulb is 183–274 μm long (x̄ = 222 μm; n = 4). It encompasses the prostate vesicle ( Fig. 9B : pv), the spiny cirrus, and two distal hooks. The cirrus ( Fig. 9A–B & 12A : ci, 9C, 12B) is armed with rows of spines that are ±1 μm long ( Fig. 9C & 12B : sp). Proximally, the rows of spines are oriented longitudinally, while distally they are transversal; these rows join in the middle third of the cirrus. The cirrus includes a belt of large, triangular, hollow spines ( Fig. 9C & 12B : cir). This belt has the shape of an inverted L and is 96–129 μm long (x̄ = 116 μm; n = 4). The proximal part of the spiny belt is oriented trans- versally relative to the longitudinal axis of the cirrus, is 31–41 μm long (x̄ = 37 μm; n = 4) and includes the largest spines, which are hollow, increasing in diameter from the most proximal to the most distal one. The largest spine is 37–48 μm long (x̄ = 42 μm; n = 4), the rest of the spines are 9–34 μm long (x̄ = 22 μm; n = 22). The distal part is oriented longitudinally relative to the axis of the cirrus, measures 65–88 μm (x̄ = 79 μm; n = 4), and includes smaller spines than the proximal part. In this part, the spines are larger in the middle (9–18 μm long; x̄ = 15 μm; n = 20) than at the sides (2–8 μm long; x̄ = 5 μm; n = 25).

Distally from the cirrus proper, two large hooks are present. The larger hook ( Fig. 9A–B , 12A & 12C : h1, 9D) is 48–53 μm long (x̄ = 51 μm; n = 4), with an asymmetrical base of 29–36 μm in width (x̄ = 31 μm; n = 4). The hook ends in a sharp, distal tip. The smaller hook ( Fig. 9E , 12A & 12C : h2) is 44–46 μm long (x̄ = 45 μm; n = 4), with a more or less triangular base, 31–35 μm wide (x̄ = 33 μm; n = 4), and the distal tip curved and rounded.

The elongated ovaries are lying rostral to the copulatory bulb. The oocytes are organised in a row, increasing in diameter from the most proximal to the most distal one. The female duct ( Fig. 12A : fd) contains sperm and opens into the globular, caudally-located bursa ( Fig. 9A–B & 12A : b) through a strong sphincter ( Fig. 12A : sph). The common gonopore opens at 90%. One live specimen carried two embryos ( Fig. 9A : em) that are not surrounded by a thick egg-shell, suggesting the species is (ovo-)viviparous.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Reinhardorhynchus anamariae sp. n.. A, general organisation. B, caudal body end (both from the live animal). C, cirrus. D, larger hook. E, smaller hook. C–E, from the holotype. C–E with proximal end toward top of figure.

FIGURE 12. A–C, Reinhardorhynchus anamariae sp. n.. A, sclerotised structures of the cirrus. B, cirrus. C, hooks. D–F, Reinhardorhynchus pacificus sp. n.. D–E, sclerotised structures of the cirrus. F, female system. All from the holotype. All with proximal end toward left of figure.