Zelotibia, Russell-Smith & Murphy, 2005

Nzigidahera, Benoît & Jocqué, Rudy, 2009, An of Zelotibia (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), a spider genus with a species swarm in the Albertine Rift, ZooKeys 13 (13), pp. 1-28 : 21-26

Key to the species of Zelotibia

(illustrations modified from Russell-Smith & Murphy, 2005)

Males:

1 Male palpal femur clearly curved (A2); retrolateral margin of cymbium with triangular extension ( A1) ............................................................................ 2

– Male palpal femur straight ( B1), retrolateral margin of cymbium straight or slightly curved (except in Z. dolabra ) (B2)................................................. 10

2 Tibial apophysis of palp originating on basal part of tibia, scoop-shaped in lateral view, reflexed forward so that it lies parallel to the long axis of the tibia. (A3) ............................................................................................................ 3

– Tibial apophysis not scoop-shaped in lateral view and originating midway of tibia ( B3) .................................................................................................... 8

3 Tibial apophysis bifid, with two strong prongs at tip ( C1) ........... Z. lejeunei

– Tibial apophysis not bifid (D2)................................................................... 4

4 Embolus broad, bifid or indented at tip ( D1) ............................................. 5

– Embolus tapered to sharp tip ( E1) .............................................................. 6

5 Tibial apophysis almost straight as seen from below (D2); embolus flat, with shallow indentation at tip (D1)...................................................... Z. kaibos

– Tibial apophysis slightly curved outward as seen from below ( F1); embolus twisted with deep indentation, appearing bifid (F2)............... Z. curvifemur

6 Extremity of embolus beak-shaped ( G1); median apophysis small (G2)........ ..................................................................................................... Z. mitella

– Extremity of embolus sharp (E1); median apophysis large (E2) or with two prongs (H2)................................................................................................ 7

7 Tegulum with semitransparent distal extension ( H1); median apophysis with two prongs (H2)............................................................................. Z. major

– Tegulum without distal extension; median apophysis occupying half the bulbus (E2)...................................................................................... Z. simpula

8 Embolus blade shaped in ventral view ( I2).................................... Z. cultella

– Embolus thin and needle-shaped (K2)........................................................ 9

9 Tibial apophysis with minute basal tooth (I1)............................... Z. acicula

– Tibial apophysis without such a basal tooth ( K1)......................... Z. scobina

10 Tibial apophysis of palp, viewed laterally, large and robust, the tip reflexed dorsally through 90 o ( L1)............................................................ Z. flexuosa

– Tibial apophysis of palp otherwise ............................................................ 11

11 Tibial apophysis of palp small and semi-translucent in lateral view ( M1). Palpal tibia with a group of small dark papillae on a boss behind apophysis (M2)......................................................................................................... 13

– Palpal tibia lacking a group of dark papillae on a boss............................... 12

12 Tibial apophysis of palp minute, triangular ( J1), the tip slightly downcurved .................................................................................................. Z. filiformis

– Palpal tibia with two large apophyses (retro-lateral and pro-lateral) ( N1) ...... ................................................................................................ Z. bicornuta

13 MA in ventral view clearly truncate at tip (Q1, P1) .................................. 14

– MA in ventral view sharply pointed at tip (Q1) ........................................ 15

14 In ventral view, MA almost twice as long as broad ( O1), tip of embolus smoothly curved.(O2)................................................................ Z. papillata

– In ventral view, MA only slightly longer than broad ( P1), tip of embolus sinuous (P2).................................................................................... Z. supercilia

15 In ventral view, embolus narrow, tip undivided ( Q1) ........ Z. paucipapillata

– In ventral view, embolus broad, the tip divided ( R 1).................... Z. dolabra

Females:

1 Epigyne with large hood-shaped atrium anteriorly, lacking a clearly defined scape ( a1).................................................................................................... 2

– Epigyne without a clearly defined atrium and with a scape ( a2) .................. 7

2 With area of ridged cuticle anterior to epigyne ( a3) .................... Z. scobina

– Without area of ridged cuticle anterior to epigyne ..................................... 3

3 Anterior margin of atrium broadly rounded (a4)......................................... 4

– Anterior margin incurved ( a5) ....................................................................6

4 Copulatory ducts reflexed outwards at anterior end and opening at base of atrium ( b1) ................................................................................................. 5

– Copulatory ducts not reflexed outwards at anterior end, openings surrounded by blackish area ( b2) ................................................................... Z. simpula

5 Copulatory ducts at frontal curve with short diverticulum ( b3) .................... .............................................................................................. Z. curvifemur

– Copulatory ducts at frontal curve without diverticulum ............... Z. mitella

6 Atrium heart-shaped (a5); copulatory openings long lateral slits ( b5)............ ................................................................................................... Z. angelica

– Atrium kidney-shaped ( b6); copulatory openings oval (b7)........................... ................................................................................................... Z. subsessa

7 Epigynal scape tongue-shaped, the tip smoothly rounded ( c1).... Z. bicornuta

– Epigynal scape not tongue-shaped, the tip pointed (a2) .............................. 8

8 Epigynal scape large, reaching spermathecae ( c2)......................... Z. lejeunei

– Epigynal scape much smaller, not overhanging part of spermathecae (a2)..... 9

9 Copulatory openings large ( c3), connected by transverse groove (c4)............ ....................................................................................................... Z. major

– Copulatory openings smaller, not connected by groove............................. 10

10 Spermathecae globular ( c5), copulatory ducts S-shaped (c6)..................... 11

– Spermathecae oval or flask-shaped ( d1)..................................................... 12

11 Posterior margin of epigynal scape with sinuous sides ( d2); copulatory ducts strongly curved (c6) ..................................................................... Z. fosseyae

– Posterior margin of epigynal scape with straight sides ( d3); copulatory ducts less strongly curved ( d4) ............................................................. Z. flexuosa

12 Epigynal scape a narrow small triangle; copulatory ducts longer than spermathecae ( e1) ................................................................................ Z. kibira

– Epigynal scape a larger triangle; copulatory ducts shorter than spermathecae ( e2)........................................................................................................... 13

13 Tip of epigynal scape forming an obtuse angle, spermathecae located imme- diately posterior to tip of scape ( e3) .......................................... Z. supercilia

– Tip of epigynal scape forming an acute angle ( e4)..................................... 14

14 Spermathecae not touching ( f1)................................................. Z. papillata

– Spermathecae adjacent ( f2) ...................................................................... 15

15 Convex median part of spermathecae touching (f2).................................. 16

– Spermathecae touching in front and behind concave median part ( f3).......... ......................................................................................... Z. paucipapillata

16 Copulatory ducts curved at right angle between copulatory opening and spermathecae..................................................................................... Z. kanama

– Curve of copulatory ducts more obtuse (f5).............................................. 17

17 Curve delimiting copulatory openings at base of scape narrow (e5)............... .................................................................................................. Z. filiformis

– Curve delimiting copulatory openings at base of scape wide ( f5)................... .................................................................................................. Z. johntony