Actinopus rufipes ( Lucas, 1834 )

Miglio, Laura Tavares, Pérez-Miles, Fernando & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Taxonomic Revision of the Spider Genus Actinopus Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae), Megataxa 2 (1), pp. 1-256 : 77-82

Actinopus rufipes ( Lucas, 1834)

Figs 1 , 68–72 , Map 5

Pachyloscelis rufipes Lucas, 1834: 361 , pl. 7C, fig. 1 (holotype ♀, Brazil, MNHN, not located).

Cratoscelis rufipes : Lucas, 1834: 362, pl. 7, fig. D2.

Sphodros lucasi Walckenaer, 1837: 251 .

Actinopus rufipes : Lucas, 1837: 376; Mello-Leit„o, 1923: 27; Bücherl, 1957: 384; World Spider Catalog, 2020.

Note. As the type is lost, the specimens here attributed to A. rufipes were so identified based on the known geographic range of the species and in morphological characteristics highlighted in both the original description and in the redescription by Mello-Leit„o (1923).

Diagnosis. Males of A. rufipes resemble those of A. ipioca ( Fig. 88 A–C), A. itaqui ( Fig. 91 A–C), A. mesa ( Fig. 97 A–C) and A. caxiuana ( Fig. 100 A–C) by BTA placed medially on prolateral tegular surface, those of A. nattereri ( Fig. 67 A–C), A. itaqui , A. mesa , A. caxiuana and A. utinga ( Fig. 103 A–C) by PA developed with a pronounced border in prolateral view; they resemble those of A. itaqui by the equidistant keels in prolateral view; and differ from those of A. nattereri , A. vilhena , A. harveyi ( Fig. 78 A–C), A. mesa and A. utinga by the inconspicuous serrated area, represented by few cusps. males differs from those of all species of the group nattereri by the large area delimited by keels, reaching nearly 35% of tegulum length in prolateral view; serrated area very inconspicuous, represented by few small cusps on retrolateral surface, below embolar base; embolus wide, flattened ( Fig. 72 A–C). Also diagnostic is the palpal patella and tibia, paler than other palpal articles. Females differ from those of other species with non-lobed spermathecae by the triangular receptacle apex ( Fig. 72 D ); coxae, trochanters, femora of legs and palp, darker than other articles (Fig. 01 A).

MALE (IBSP 161468): Total length 18.62; Carapace, long 8.75; wide 8.25. Carapace anterior part tapering. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved ( Fig.68 B ). Three bristles betweenAME-clypeus. Sternum with eight sigilla strongly fused medially, as a single central spot ( Fig. 68 C ). Rastellum protuberant, inverted V-shaped, hirsute, with two spines apically ( Fig. 68 E–F). Chelicerae with denticles along retrolateral row of teeth. Prolateral row with four megateeth and two basal teeth. Retrolateral row with six megateeth and two denticles between row of megateeth ( Fig. 68 D ). Patella and tibia III with distal crown of developed thorns, not interrupted in middle ( Fig. 69 A–B). Patellae III and IV with spines on prolaterodorsal face ( Fig. 69 A, C ). Tibia IV without spines on dorsal surface and with two clear rows of trichobothria ( Fig. 69 D ). Ventral pseudoscopulae occupying 10% of Tarsi I, 30% of II and 100% of III and IV, without pseudoscopula on all metatarsi. Pseudoscopula of tarsi I and II with setae spaced, forming diffuse group of bristles; on tarsi III and IV, compact. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum and distal articles of legs, reddish brown; coxae, trochantera, femora and cymbium of legs brown; patella and tibia of palp pale than other articles; abdomen gray ( Fig. 68 A ). Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.3, PLE 0.4 ALE 0.55, AME 0.45; MOQ: Length 1.5, front width 3.5, back width 3.56; Interdistances: PME–PME 2.18, PLE–PME 0.12, AME–AME 0.37, ALE–AME 0.87, ALE–PLE 0.75, AME–PME 0.68. Ocular area: OAL 6.25, OAW 4.91, and IF 3.25. Body: Clypeus: 0.37; Fovea: 3.5; Labium: long 1.75; wide 1.5; Chelicerae: long 5.12; wide 2.5; Sternum: long 5.37; wide 4.75. Abdomen: long 9.25; wide 5.75. Leg measurements: I: Fe 8.12/ Pa 3.75/ Ti 4.75/ Me 5.87/ Ta 3.25/ total 25.75. II: 7.75/ 3.75/ 4/ 5.75/ 3.25/ 24.5. III: 6.5/ 4.12/ 3.62/ 6/ 3.62/ 23.87. IV: 9.12/ 4/ 7/ 6.87/ 3.62/ 30.625. Formula 123. Spination: I—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0, p0, r0; ti v0-0-3, d0, p0, r0; Me v2-4- 4, d0, p0-1-3, r0-0-5; ta v0-0-1, d0, p1-2-2, r1-5-5. II—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0, p0, r0; ti v0, d0, p0, r0-1-5; Me v1-2-5, d0, p0-0-2, r5-3-4; ta v0-0-2, d0, p0-2-3, r1-6-4. III—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d3-3-21, p0, r0; ti v0-0-2, d0-1-10, p0-0-5, r0-0-5; Me v1-1-6, d0, p1-2-4, r0-2-4; ta v0, d0, p0-6-0, r0-2-5; IV—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d11-15-4, p0, r0; ti v0-0-3, d0, p0, r0; Me v1-1-2, d0, p0, r0-0-5; ta v0-0-3, d0, p1-5-8, r0-0-3. Palp: PA developed, embolus robust, with three keels (PAc, PI and PS) equally spaced. Basal surface of tegulum without swelling above PA. PA contiguous to PI in prolateral view. BTA well developed and placed medially on prolateral tegular surface; prolateral tegulum serrated next to base of next to base of embolus; embolar bases thicker ( Fig. 72 A–C). FEMALE ( CAD 77): Total length 14.75; Carapace, long 8.25; wide 8.50. Carapace anterior part square. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved. Short bristles forming a row between AME-clypeus, one long bristle between PLE–ALE, short and long bristles between posterior eyes-fovea and short bristles between lateral eyes-edge of carapace ( Fig. 70 B ). Sternum with eight sigilla strongly fused medially, all sigilla very fused to each other ( Fig. 70 C ). Rastellum protuberant, subquadrate, hirsute, with row of spines on edge of rastellum and o lot of spines in dorsal part of rastellum between the row placed on the edge ( Fig. 70 E–F). Chelicerae with eleven denticles along prolateral row of teeth. Prolateral row with four megateeth and two teeth in basal portion. Retrolateral row with six megateeth and one tooth between five and six basal megateeth ( Fig. 70 D ). Patella and tibia III with distal developed crowns of thorns, in patella III interrupted ( Fig. 71 A–B). Patella IV with prolaterodorsal spines along extension of article and two rows of trichobothria ( Fig. 71 C ). Tibia IV without spines and with long bristles on prolaterodorsal surface ( Fig. 71 D ). Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, coxae, trochantera, femora, reddish brown; patellae, tibia, metatarsi, and tarsi yellowish red and abdomen pale brown with many long bristles ( Fig. 70A ). 20 labial cuspules, 147 on right maxilla and 142 on left. Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.32 PLE 0.48 ALE 0.48, AME 0.36; MOQ: Length 1.52, front width 4, back width 3.84; Interdistances: PME–PME 2.24, PLE–PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.44, ALE–AME 1.32, ALE–PLE 0.84, AME–PME 0.84. Ocular area: OAL 7.2, OAW 5.1, and IF 3.62. Body: Clypeus: 0.62; Fovea: 4; Labium: long 2.75; wide 1.87; Chelicerae: long 4.12; wide 3.37; Sternum: long 5.87; wide 5.25. Abdomen: long 9; wide 6.75. Leg measurements: I: Fe 5/ Pa 3.37/ Ti 2.5/ Me 3/ Ta 1.62/ total 15.5. II: 5/ 3.5/ 2.37/ 3/ 1.62/ 15.5. III: 4.37/ 3.87/ 1.75/ 3.25/ 1.12/ 14.37. IV: 6.25/ 4.12/ 4.12/ 4.12/ 1.5/ 20.12. Formula 4123. Spination: I—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0, p0, r0; ti v0, d0, p0-4-3, r9-12-10; Me v0-0-3, d0, p4-6-4, r7-14-15; ta v0-0-3, d0, p2-3-3, r7- 6-3. II—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0, p0, r0; ti v0-0-2, d0, p0-0-1, r11-23-28; Me v0-0-1, d0, p1-6-5, r11-11-6; ta v0-0-2, d0, p2-6-4, r7-8-4. III—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0-3-33, p0-0-3, r0-0-15; ti v0, d1-0-12, p0-0-3, r5-15- 10; Me v0-0-3, d0-0-4, p0-2-3, r6-13-10; ta v15-17-12, d0-1-2, p2-5-5, r4-6-5; IV—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d10- 15-7, p0-1-0, r0; ti v0, d0, p0, r0; Me v0-0-2, d0-0-1, p0- 4-4, r0; ta v6-19-20, d0, p3-5-3, r0-0-3. Spermathecae: Seminal receptacles slightly asymmetrical, as long as wide, with short ducts. Both receptacles without lobes, with triangular apex. Pore distribution reaching less than apical half of each receptacle ( Fig. 72 D ).

VARIATION

MALES (n=10): Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.16–0.32. PLE 0.28–0.4. ALE 0.36–0.60. AME 0.40–0.48; MOQ: Length 1.12–1.50. front width 2.52–3.5. back width 2.44– 3.76; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.52–2.18. PLE–PME 0.8–0.16. AME–AME 0.16–0.4. ALE–AME 0.56–0.95. ALE–PLE 0.52–0.76. AME–PME 0.44–0.68. Ocular area: OAL 2.48–6.25. OAW 2.44–6.12. and IF 2–3.75. Body: Total length: 13.75–18.75; Carapace: long 6.62– 9; wide 6–8.25; Clypeus: 0.12–0.37; Fovea: 2.62–3.5; Labium: long 1.37–1.87; wide 1.12–1.62; Chelicerae: long 2.5–5.12; wide 1.87–2.62; Sternum: long 4.12–5.37; wide 3.62–4.75.Abdomen: long 7–9.25; wide 4.87–7. Leg measurements: I: Fe 6.37–8.12/ Pa 2.87–3.75/ Ti 3.62– 4.75/ Me 4.25–5.87/ Ta 2.5–3.5/ total 19.62–25.75. II: 6.12–7.75/ 2.62–3.75/ 3.62–4.25/ 3.75–5.75/ 2.62–3.62/ 18.75–24.5. III: 4.75–6.5/ 2.75–4.12/ 2.62–3.62/ 4.37–6/ 2.62–3.62/ 17.12–23.87. IV: 6.5–9.12/ 2.87–4/ 5.25–7/ 5.25–6.87/ 3–3.87/ 23.12–30.62. FEMALES (n=3): Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.28–0.4. PLE 0.4–0.48. ALE 0.4–0.52. AME 0.2–0.36; MOQ: Length 1. 2–1.52. front width 3. 82–4. back width 3.08–3.84; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.76–2.24. PLE–PME 0.8–0.16. AME–AME 0.24–0.44. ALE–AME 0.96–1.32. ALE–PLE 0.48–0.84. AME–PME 0.64–0.84. Ocular area: OAL 5. 8–7.2. OAW 4.66–5.1. and IF 2.3–3.62. Body: Total length: 14.75–17.16; Carapace: long 7.3–8,25; wide 7.08–8.5; Clypeus: 0.5– 0.7; Fovea: 3.33–4; Labium: long 2–2.75; wide 1.5–1.87; Chelicerae: long 3.75–4.12; wide 2.75–3.37; Sternum: long 4.66–5.87; wide 4.25–5.25. Abdomen: long 9–9.12; wide 6.37–6.75. Leg measurements: I: Fe 3.37–5/ Pa 2.87–3.35/ Ti 1.87–2.5/ Me 2.25–3/ Ta 1.5–1.62/ total 12.5–15.5. II: 4–5/ 2.87–3.5/ 2–2.37/ 2.37–3/ 1–1.62/ 12.37–15.5. III: 3.87–4.37/ 3–3.87/ 1.12–1.75/ 2.75–3.25/ 1.12–1.25/ 12–14.37. IV: 5.37–6.25/ 3.12–4.12/ 3.12– 4.12/ 3.12–4.12/ 1.37–1.5/ 16.25–20.12. Formula 4123.

Distribution. BRAZIL. Maranh„o: Tutóia. Bahia: Jaborandi. Mato Grosso: Aripuan„. Mato Grosso do Sul: Paranaíba, and Três Lagoas. S„o Paulo: Luiz Antônio. Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, and S„o Gonçalo do Rio Preto ( Map 5 ).

Material examined: BRAZIL. Maranh „o: Tutóia , [2° 45’ S 42° 16’ W], 1♂ 2♀, xi.1936, A. Silvio leg. ( IBSP 103432 ) . Bahia: Jaborandi, [13° 35’ S 44° 32’ W], Veredas do Oeste Bahiano, Refúgio da Vida Silvestre , 1♂, 13.xi.2007, R. Recorder leg. ( IBSP 114491 ) . Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, Chapada Darnadelos , 10º 10’ S 59º 27’ O, 2♂, 02–13.xi.1996, G. Skuk leg. ( MZSP 15428 ) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Paranaíba, [19° 40’ S 51° 10’ W], 1♂, 03.xi.1983, R. R. da Silva leg. ( IBSP 110502 ); três Lagoas , [21° 37’ S 52° 50’ W], Fazenda Canãa, 1♂, F. Lane leg. ( MZSP 5348 ) . Minas Gerais: Diamantina, Parque Estadual do Biribiri , [18º 07’ 13.19”S 43º 34’ 47.69”W], 1♂, A. H. Apolinario & J. P. L. Guadanucci leg. ( CAD 615), 1♀, 05–10.xi.2012, A. H.Apolinario & J. P. L. Guadanucci leg. ( CAD 614); S„o Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto ( PERP), [18° 9’ 15” S 43° 20’ 50” W], 1♀, 16.iii.2010, Aleatório ( CAD 77); 2♂, 20–25.x.2010, G. Monteiro, F. Sá, W. F. Silva & J. P. L. Guadanucci leg. ( CAD 264); Belo Horizonte, Estaç„o Ecológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ( UFMG), 19° 58’ S 43° 58’ W, Creche, 1♂, 14.ix.1999 ( UFMG 589 ) ; v.1999, E. S. S. Álvares leg. ( UFMG 583 ) . S„o Paulo, Luiz Antônio, Estaç„o Ecológica de Jataí ( EEJ), [21º 36’ 54” S 47º 48’ 02” W], 1♂, 6–12.xi.2009, A. G. Cristovão leg. ( IBSP 161461 , 161462 , 161463 , 161464 , 161465 , 161466 , 161468 , 161469 , 161470 , 161471 , 161472 , 161473 , 161474 , 161475 , 161476 , 161477 ) ; 2♂ ( IBSP 161479 ) ; 3♂ ( IBSP 161467 , one removed for SEM) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), female:A–C CAD 77:A. Dorsal habitus; B. Burrows, with doors closed. Red arrows: Doors; C. Burrow with a specimen. Images: J. P. L. Guadanucci

MAP 5. Distribution map of Actinopus vilhena sp. nov., Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) sp. nov., Actinopus utinga sp. nov., Actinopus caxiuana sp. nov., Actinopus mesa sp. nov., Actinopus xingu sp. nov., Actinopus itaqui sp. nov., Actinopus ipioca sp. nov., Actinopus itapitocai sp. nov. and Actinopus harveyi sp. nov.

FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871), male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral.PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal TegularApophysis; PAc-ProlateralAccessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho.

FIGURE 68. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), male: A–F IBSP 113544: A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral.

FIGURE 69. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), male: A–D IBSP 113544: A. Patella III, dorsal; B. Tibia III, dorsal; C. Patella IV, dorsal; D. Tibia IV, dorsal.

FIGURE 70. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), female: A–F CAD 77: A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral.

FIGURE 71. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), female: A–D CAD 77: A. Patella III, dorsal; B. Tibia III, dorsal; C. Patella IV, dorsal; D. Tibia IV, dorsal.

FIGURE 72. Actinopus rufipes (Lucas, 1834), male: A–C IBSP 161468: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI-Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel;Arrows: Serrated area; Rectangles: Cusps on retrolateropical embolus. Paratype, female: D CAD 77: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 78. Actinopus harveyi sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 111837: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURE 88. Actinopus ipioca sp. nov., male: A–C IBSP 112597: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scales lines: 1 mm.

FIGURE 91. Actinopus itaqui sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 26526: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURE 97. Actinopus mesa sp. nov., male: A–C MCN 28054: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURE 100. Actinopus caxiuana sp. nov., male: A–C MPEG 2538: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel; Arrows: Serrated area. Scale line: 1 mm.

FIGURE 103. Actinopus utinga sp. nov., male: A–C UFMG 9918: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA-Paraembolic apophysis; BTA-Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc-Prolateral Accessory keel; PI- Prolateral Inferior keel; PS-Prolateral Superior keel. Scale line: 1 mm.