Hemisturmia parva ( Bigot, 1889 )
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https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.171153 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265508 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C-330C-945D-FE97-FC522245FC1C |
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Plazi |
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Hemisturmia parva ( Bigot, 1889 ) |
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Hemisturmia parva ( Bigot, 1889) View in CoL , Fig. 43 View FIGURES 43 – 48. 43
Host records ex. Choristoneura fumiferana: Dowden et al. 1951, as Phorocera tortricis ex. Archips fumiferana (NY); Huber et al. 1996, as Hemisturmia tortricis (NB).
Host records ex. Choristoneura fumiferana and/or Choristoneura occidentalis : † Arnaud 1978, as Hemisturmia tortricis ex. C. fumiferana (BC, NY).
Host records ex. Choristoneura fumiferana , Choristoneura occidentalis and/or Choristoneura pinus : † Ross 1952, as Phorocera tortricis ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm ( Canada).
Host records ex. Choristoneura occidentalis: Harris & Dawson 1979, as Hemisturmia tortricis (BC).
Host records probably ex. Choristoneura occidentalis: Wilkes et al. 1949, as Phorocera tortricis ex. C. fumiferana (BC); † Coppel 1960, as Ceratochaeta tortricis ex. C. fumiferana (BC).
Host records ex. Choristoneura occidentalis and/or Choristoneura retiniana: Schaupp et al. 1991, as Hemisturmia tortricis (OR).
Host records ex. Choristoneura pinus: Dixon & Benjamin 1963, as Phorocera tortricis (WI); † Arnaud 1978, as Hemisturmia tortricis (WI); † Huber et al. 1996, as Hemisturmia tortricis ( America north of Mexico).
Host records ex. Choristoneura rosaceana: Schuh & Mote 1948, as Phorocera tortricis ex. Archips rosaceana (OR); † Arnaud 1978, as Hemisturmia tortricis (OR); † Huber et al. 1996, as Hemisturmia tortricis ( America north of Mexico); Li et al. 1999, as Hemisturmia tortricis (BC); † Li et al. 2002, as Hemisturmia tortricis (BC); Wilkinson et al. 2004 (MI).
Host records ex. Choristoneura rosaceana and/or Pandemis limitata: Vakenti et al. 2001, as Hemisturmia tortricis (BC); Cossentine et al. 2004 (BC).
Hemisturmia parva View in CoL is found throughout most of the forested regions of North America ( O’Hara & Wood 2004). Adults are generally 5–7.5mm long, rather dark coloured, with an exceptionally large eye, a striped or black thorax, mostly orange scutellum, and banded or mottled abdomen. Hemisturmia parva View in CoL was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of Choristoneura View in CoL species by Ross (1952, as Phorocera tortricis View in CoL ) and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of C. occidentalis View in CoL (as C. fumiferana View in CoL ) in British Columbia by Coppel (1960, as Ceratochaeta tortricis ).
Hemisturmia View in CoL belongs to the Winthemiini, a tribe in which the females oviposit unincubated eggs directly on a host ( Wood 1987). The first instar probably develops within the egg for several days, then exits the egg and burrows into the host. Hemisturmia parva View in CoL attacks late instar larvae of Choristoneura View in CoL and emerges from the larva or, more commonly, the pupa ( Schuh & Mote 1948; Harris & Dawson 1979; Li et al. 1999). It has at least two generations per year and its method of overwintering is not known ( Schaffner 1959). Parasitism rates are rarely above 1% in Choristoneura View in CoL species ( Dixon & Benjamin 1963; Harris & Dawson 1979; Schaupp et al. 1991; Li et al. 1999). Wilkes et al. (1949) did not include H. parva View in CoL (as Phorocera tortricis View in CoL ) among the 15 dominant hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoids of C. occidentalis View in CoL (as C. fumiferana View in CoL ) in British Columbia, and Tilles and Woodley (1984) excluded it from their manual of spruce budworm parasitoids in Maine.
Hemisturmia parva View in CoL is recorded from more than ten species of Tortricidae View in CoL and a species each in the families Glyphipterygidae View in CoL , Nymphalidae View in CoL , Pterophoridae View in CoL , and Pyralidae View in CoL ( Arnaud 1978, as H. tortricis View in CoL ; Fitzpatrick et al. 1994, as H. tortricis View in CoL ).
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Exoristinae |
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Goniini |
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Exoristinae |
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