Elytroleptus apicalis ( LeConte, 1884 )

GRZYMALA, TRACI L. & MILLER, KELLY B., 2013, Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Elytroleptus Dugés (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini), Zootaxa 3659 (1), pp. 1-62 : 14-20

Elytroleptus apicalis ( LeConte, 1884)

(Figs. 4, 33)

Pteroplatus apicalis LeConte, 1884: 24 .

Elytroleptus apicalis ; Bates, 1885: 318; Leng, 1886: 32; Aurivillius, 1912: 455; Blackwelder, 1946: 588; Linsley et al., 1961a: 19, fig. 2; Linsley, 1961b: 10; Linsley et al., 1961b: 19, fig.11; Eisner et al., 1962: 316, figs. 1,3; Linsley, 1962a: 176, 1962b: 2, fig. 1; Selander et al., 1963: 46; Grant, 1963: 109, fig. 25; Chemsak & Linsley, 1965: 193; 1975: 109; 1982: 56; Skiles & Chemsak, 1982: 69; Chemsak et al., 1992: 82; Monné & Giesbert, 1995: 148; Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 402; Monné, 2001: 70; Eisner, 2003: 170; Eisner et al., 2005: 197; Monné, 2005: 604; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 143; Eisner et al., 2008: 111–113, 115, 118, fig. 2; Noguera et al., 2009: 83, 88.

Type locality. United States, Arizona .

Type information. Lectotype. Elytroleptus apicalis ( MCZC, ♂) labeled: ‘Ariz./Type 3898/ P.apicalis Lec ./ LECTOTYPE Pteroplatus apicalis LeConte Skiles & Chemsak, 1982 .’

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other species of Elytroleptus by the following combination of characters: 1) elytra laterally expanded apically, greatest width>1.5 × humeral angle width, 2) pronotum and abdominal sternites testaceous, 3) pronotum with longitudinal lines of dense appressed, testaceous pubescence, and though this character is not constant as some individuals are concolorous. The antennae, especially in males, are longer than in E. ignitus with antennomere XI extremely appendiculate. Males also have densely punctate oval areas (gland pores) directly dorsad to the pronotal lateral margins. The only readily apparent distinguishing character for both males and females is the degree of elytral punctation (6–8 punctures medially between suture and costa I in E. apicalis instead of 5–6 punctures). From E. limpianus and E. rufipennis , it is distinguished by the longer antennae in males (extending past ½ elytral length), the scutellar pubescence testaceous instead of black, and the abdominal sterna testaceous instead of black. From E. grandis it is distinguished by the central pronotal disc entirely or mainly testaceous instead of black and the lack of a piceus elytral midband.

Description. Male. TL 9.1–16.8 mm, GW 3.2–6.1 mm. Body elongate, laterally expanded apically from humeri, dorsoventrally flattened.

Head. HL 0.7–1.1 mm, HW 1.4–2.3 mm, DBE 0.9–1.5 mm, DBA 0.6–0.8 mm. Testaceous, except apices of mandibles piceous. Finely punctate with short, sparse, suberect to erect, testaceous pubescence, more dense on vertex; gular region glabrous; rugose posterior to lower eye lobe. Antennal tubercles moderately raised, subtriangular, and separated by approximate width of four antennal sockets. Genal apices generally rounded, width greater than ½ × height. Eyes moderately large, finely faceted, lower lobe with about 25 facets at greatest height; integument ventral to lower lobe about 0.5 × eye height; deeply emarginate at antennal insertion, with 1–2 facets at greatest emargination point. Antennae black, extending to approximately 3/5 elytral length, scape and antennomere V subequal, scape with slight longitudinal, dorsal, median impression; pedicel about 1/3 × scape length; antennomeres III and IV subequal, each 2 × pedicel length; antennomeres VI and VII subequal, VIII and IX subequal, V–X decreasing in length; antennomere XI subequal to VI and extremely appendiculate. Thorax. PL 1.6–2.8 mm, PW 1.7–3.1 mm. Pronotum testaceous, width slightly greater than length; apical width slightly less than basal; lateral margins angulate, widest medially. Pronotal disc shining, punctate, with short, recumbent, testaceous pubescence; laterad to center, two (one on each side) distinct longitudinal, arcuate lines of dense, appressed, testaceous pubescence overlying slightly raised integument, each of similar width throughout and occupying ¼ of pronotal disc area; punctation on shining areas deep, individual punctures small and varying in diameter and shape, majority not sharply delimited; oval, more densely punctate areas dorsad of lateral margins indicative of sexually dimorphic gland pores; pronotal disc flat to slightly convex, sides impressed in dorsal aspect, margin apparently elevated, calli absent; lateral margins lined with recumbent and erect, moderate, testaceous pubescence. Pro-, meso- and metasternum testaceous, shining with sparse, erect, testaceous setae. Scutellum testaceous, small, subtriangular, length subequal to width, medially impressed, with short, moderately dense, recumbent, testaceous pubescence.

Wings. EL 6.8–12.9mm. Elytron with basal 4/5 testaceous, apical 1/5 piceous, margin irregular. About 4.5 × PL, width at humeral angles about 1.2 × PW. Elytron laterally expanded apically, greatest width>1.5 × width at humeral angle. Elytron with 4 distinct costae; from suture, costa I arising from anterior margin and extending to 3/ 5 elytral length, costa II arising from anterior margin and extending to 4/5 elytral length, costa III more indistinct than others and arising from about 2/5 posterior to middle of anterior margin and extending to 4/5 elytral length, costa IV arising from humeral angle and extending to 4/5 elytral length; elytron with distinct but shallow punctation, 6–8 punctures medially between suture and costa I, becoming indistinct, shallower apically, subequal basally; elytron with moderate, short, suberect to recumbent pubescence, one seta per puncture, testaceous on palecolored areas, black on dark-colored areas, outer elytral margins with pubescence more dense. Metathoracic wing bi-colored, basal 4/5 lightly tinted, apical 1/5 darkly tinted.

Abdominal Sternites. Testaceous, shining, finely punctate, covered in sparse, short, suberect, testaceous pubescence. Legs. Testaceous with tibial apices and tarsi piceous. Femora covered in sparse, suberect, testaceous pubescence, tibia covered in sparse, suberect, black pubescence, tarsal pubescence recumbent and more dense. Metatibia slightly sinuate. Genitalia. Sternite VIII with sides gradually tapering towards apex, apex truncate often with slight concavity medially. Tergite VIII mirroring shape of sternite VIII.

Female. TL 10.4–15.9 mm, GW 4.1–6.1 mm, HL 0.4–0.8 mm, HW 1.5–2.0 mm, DBE 0.9–1.3 mm, DBA 0.6– 0.8 mm, PL 1.8–2.4 mm, PW 2.1–3.1 mm, EL 8.2–12.7 mm. As male, except antennae extending slightly past 1/5 elytral length, antennomere XI not as strongly appendiculate. Pronotum lacking sexually dimorphic densely punctate oval areas dorsad of lateral margins. Elytron greater in length, about 4.9 × length of pronotum.

remaining antennomeres testaceous; supra-orbital areas piceous; pronotal dimorphic punctate areas piceous in males; scutellum with pubescence mostly testaceous with some setae piceous; scutellum piceous; central area of pronotum piceous; lateral margins of pronotum piceous. Older specimens are subject to color fading and usually testaceous areas will instead appear yellow.

Phylogenetic relationship. This species is sister to E. grandis supported by the characters of the eleventh antennomere extremely appendiculate in males (Character 3) and small, shallow elytral punctation (Character 17) ( Figs. 31 , 32 ).

Distribution. Southwestern USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) and north to central Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas) ( Fig. 33 ).

Natural history. Flight period June through September. Adults have been collected on flowers and foliage of plants in the families Anacardiaceae ( Rhus sp. ), Asteraceae ( Solidago sp. ), Fabaceae ( Acacia sp. , Melilotus albus Medik. , Mimosa biuncifera Benth. ), Fagaceae ( Quercus sp. ), Ranunculaceae ( Clematis paucifolia Nutt. ), Rhamnaceae ( Condalia ericoides (A. Gray) M.C. Johnst. ), Sapindaceae ( Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. ), and Sapotaceae ( Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. ). This species is part of the Lycus fernandezi mimetic complex whose members also include the model sibling lycid beetle species L. fernandezi Dugés and L. arizonensis Green ( Coleoptera : Lycidae ), and two mimetic moth species, Seryda constans (Edwards) ( Lepidoptera : Zygaenidae ) and Ptychoglene coccinea (Edwards) ( Lepidoptera : Erebidae ) (Linsley et al., 1961). Elytroleptus apicalis is predaceous upon the lycid beetles in its own mimetic complex as well as those found in the mimetic complex of E. ignitus , which includes the lycid beetle sister species L. loripes (Chevrolat) and L. simulans (Schaeffer) ( Coleoptera : Lycidae ) ( Eisner et al., 1962). Elytroleptus apicalis is a Batesian mimic and does not possess the chemical component thought to cause distastefulness in Lycus spp. , lycidic acid ( Eisner et al., 2008).

Material examined. MEXICO, Aguascalientes: Calvillo , 1 ♂, 5.vii.1984, Carroll, Schaffner, & Friedlander ( TAMU) ; Chihuahua: Chihuahua, 1 ♂, Wickham ( MCZC) ; Copper Canyon , 1 ♂, 20.vii.1957, Pine, R.H. ( SEMC) ; Hidalgo del Parral , 9 ♂, 6 ♀, 15.vii.1964, Chemsak, J.A. & Powell, J. ( EMEC) ; 2 ♂, 15.vii.1947, Cazier ( EMEC) ; Parrita , 1 ♂, 7.vii.1954, MacSwain, J.W. ( EMEC) ; Coahuila: Saltillo , 1 ♂, 25.iv.1960, Mathieu, J. ( EMEC) ; 1 ♂, 9.vii.1960, Selander, R.B. & Mathieu, J. ( EMEC) ; Durango: Durango, 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 11.vi.1964, Martin, J.H ( CNC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 23.vi.1964, Howden, H.F. ( CNC) ; Louis Moya , 1 ♂, 16.vii.1970, Beer, R.E. ( SEMC) ; Nombre de Dios , 1 ♀, 25.vi.1952, Gilbert, E.E. & MacNeil, C.D. ( EMEC) ; Jalisco: Autlan , 1 ♀, 7.vii.1984, Carroll, Schaffner, & Friedlander ( TAMU) ; Encarnacion de Diaz , 1 ♂, 9.vii.1982, M.A. Ivie ( MAIC) ; same except, 1 ♀, William F. Abeles ( MAIC) ; Sonora: 1 ♂, --.v,----, Morrison, H.K. ( BMNH) ; Tamaulipas: Llera Mesa , 1 ♂, 7.vi.1961, U Kans. ( EMEC) ; Zacatecas: Fresnillo , 1 ♀, 16.vii.1954, MacSwain, J.W. ( EMEC) ; USA, Arizona: Cochise Co., Douglas , 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 17.vii.1973, 18.vii.1974, McCleve, S. ( TAMU) ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 17.vii.1973, McCleve, S. ( AMNH) ; Portal , 1 ♂, 29.vi.1956, Scullen, H.A. ( EMEC) ; 3 ♂, 9.vii.1960, 17.vii.1960, 21.vii.1960, Linsley, E.G. ( EMEC) ; 3 ♂, 11.vii.1960, Statham, M. ( EMEC) ; 1 ♂, 1.viii.1958, James, R.H. ( UCD) ; Chiricahua Mtns. , 24 ♂, 11 ♀, 2.vii.1959, 15.vii.1961, 3.vii.1961, 18.vii.1961, 10.vii.1961, 20.vii.1955, 29.vi.1961, 7.vii.1961, 22.vii.1961, 16.vii.1959, 19.vii.1952, 9.vii.1959, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH) ; 1 ♀, 18.vii.1987, McCleve, S. ( FSCA) ; 2 ♀, 5.viii.1972, Stephan, K. ( FSCA) ; 1 ♂, 6.vii.1967, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( CASC) ; 1 ♂, 8.vii.1967, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( CMNH) ; 12 ♂, 9 ♀, 6.vii.1967, 27.vii.1967, 1.vii.1967, 8.vii.1967, 14.vii.1967, 29.vii.1961, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( OSUC) ; Cave Creek Canyon , 1 ♂, 6.vii.1963, Raske, A. ( EMEC) ; Texas Canyon , 1 ♂, 13.vii.1999, Skelley, P. & Thomas, M. ( FSCA) ; Dragoon Mtns. , 1 ♂, 8.vi.2000, Skillman, F.W. ( FSCA) ; 1 ♂, 2–5.viii.1988, Androw, R. & Brattain, M. ( RAAC) ; Stronghold , 2 ♂, 5.viii.1972, Stephan, K. ( FSCA) ; Gila Co., Globe , 1 ♂, 26.vii.1948, Parker, F.H. ( AMNH) ; Pima Co., Madera Canyon , 1 ♀, 14.vii.1964, AEL ( FSCA) ; 9 ♂, 2 ♀, 17.vii.1971, 10.vii.1970, Giesbert, E. ( FSCA) ; 1 ♀, 8.vii.1973 ( ACMT) ; 4 ♂, 1 ♀, 4–5.vii.1986, Androw, R. & Heffern, D. ( RAAC) ; 1 ♂, 8.vii.1973 ( FMNH) ; 2 ♂, 11.vii.1973, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT) ; 1 ♀, 20.vii.1970, AEL ( CUIC) ; Santa Rita Mtns. , 1 ♂, 28.vi.2000, Skillman, F.W. ( FSCA) ; Box Canyon , 1 ♂, 5–6.vii.1986, Heffern, D. & Androw, R. ( CMNH) ; 1 ♂, same except ( TAMU) ; Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca , 1 ♂, 9.vii.1973 ( ACMT) ; 1 ♀ ( AMNH) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Morrison, H.K. ( CUIC) ; 1 ♀, same except ( MCZC) ; 1 ♀, same except ( USNM) ; 1 ♂ ( CASC) ; 1 ♂, Hubbard & Schwarz ( USNM) ; New Mexico: Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces , 1 ♂, 30.vi.1932, Keller, J. ( FMNH) ; Grant Co., Grant , 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1.vii.2003, Skillman, F.W. ( FSCA) ; Texas: Brewster Co., Chisos Mtns. , 3 ♂, 16.vi.1958, 8.vii.1955, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH) ; 1 ♂, 25.vi.1971, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA) ; Big Bend Nat. Park , 4 ♂, vi.1965, Lenczy ( USNM) ; Jeff except ( CMNH) ; 2 ♂, Heffern, D.J., Huether, & Androw, R. ( DHPC) ; 1 ♂, 17–19.vii.1991, Androw, R., Marqua, D., & Brattain, M. ( RAAC) ; 1 ♂, 28.vi–2.vii.1986, Androw, R., Brattain, M., & Huether, J. ( RAAC) . Davis Mtns. , 1 ♀, 28.vi–2.vii.1986, Huether, J. ( FSCA) ; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 24.vi.1999, 25.vi.1999, Nelson, G.H. ( FSCA) ; 1 ♀, 13–15.vi.1989 ( FSCA) ; 10 ♂, 3 ♀, 20.vi.1990, 22.vi.1992, 17.vi.1992, 6.vi.1992, Marqua, D.G. ( TAMU) ; 5 ♂, 24.vi.1957, Knull, D.J. & J.N. ( FMNH) ; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 15.vii.1999, 3.vii.1999, Wappes, J.E. ( ACMT) ; 1 ♀, Cazier ( AMNH) .

Figures

FIGURE 31. Three of six most parsimonious trees retrieved from phylogenetic analysis of Elytroleptus (L = 59, CI = 50, RI = 75). Numbers above branches are characters and numbers below branches are character states. Characters are optimized for

FIGURE 32. Strict consensus for six most parsimonious cladograms resulting from cladistic analysis of Elytroleptus. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values.

FIGURE 33. Distribution map for Elytroleptus apicalis and Elytroleptus divisus.