Psechrus clavis, Bayer, 2012

Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), Zootaxa 3379 (1), pp. 1-170 : 119-123

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0272654-FFF6-5839-FF20-2F40FDF24305
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-08-24 09:38:57, last updated 2024-11-29 10:24:50)
scientific name	Psechrus clavis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Psechrus clavis View in CoL sp. nov.

Figs 66a–e View FIGURES 66 , 67a–j View FIGURES 67 , 86f View FIGURES 86 , 89h View FIGURES 89 , 92h View FIGURES 92

Psechrus torvus View in CoL — Kayashima 1962: 9, figs 1–4 (Description of ♀, illustration of ♀, misidentified).

Psechrus sp. — Yoshida 1978: 24, fig. 2 (Illustration of ♂).

Psechrus sinensis View in CoL — Chen 1996: 134 (Listed as fauna element of Taiwan, misidentified). Chen 1999: 426, 427, 431, misidentified. Chen 2001: 243–244, figs integrated in the text (Photos of dorsal and ventral habitus of ♂, misidentified).

Psechrus taiwanensis View in CoL — Ono 2009: 140, figs 2.2.24.1–3 (Description of ♀, illustration of ♀, misidentified). Yoshida 2009: 7, figs 1–7 (Description of ♂ and ♀, illustration of ♂ and ♀, misidentified).

Type material. Holotype ♀ ( SB 1021 ), TAIWAN: Taichung county: Dong-Shi (Dongshih), N 24°15'04'', E 120°51'03'', ca. 450 m, secondary forest; R.C. Cheng leg. XI.2010; SMF GoogleMaps . Paratypes (2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 4 s.a. ♀♀): 1 ♀ ( SB 276 ), 3 s.a. ♀♀ ( SB 1018 , 1024 , 1027 ) , with same data as for holotype; SMF; 1 s.a GoogleMaps . ♀ ( SB 276 ) , TAIWAN: Taichung county: Wushihkeng , N 24°16'30'', E 120°56'56'', 950–1000 m, mixture of broadleaf forest and plantation forest, edge of a trail; R.C. Cheng leg. IX.2009; SMF GoogleMaps ; 1 ♀ ( SB 614 ) , TAIWAN: Taoyuan county: Ssuleng , N 24°37', E 121°23', ca. 1300 m, mountainous forest, bush on rocky surface (roadside); H. Ono leg. 030. X.2003; NSMT 8507 GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ ( SB 616 ) , 1 ♀ ( SB 617 ) , TAIWAN: Nantou county: Penpuchi , ca. N 24°00', E 121°05', ca. 800 m; H. Yoshida leg. 02. IV.1979; NSMT 8379 GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ ( SB 1008 ) , 1 ♀ ( SB 1010 ) , TAIWAN: Nantou county: Yuchih (Yu-Chi) township , Lian-Hua-Chih, N 23°55'07'', E 120°53'02'', ca. 700 m, secondary forest; R.C. Cheng leg. II.2011; SMF GoogleMaps ; 2 ♀♀ ( SB 793 , 879 ) , TAIWAN: Nantou county: Chitou Forest Recreation Area , ca. N 23°42', E 120°48', ca. 1600 m; J. Haupt leg. 08. IV.2004; ZMB ( SB793 ) GoogleMaps ; H. Yoshida leg. 20.VII.1977; YPM ( SB 879 , at N 23°41') ; 1 ♀ ( SB 831 ) , TAIWAN: Chiayi county: Alishan ; H. Yoshida leg. 11.VII.1977; NSMT 8380 .

Additional material examined (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 6 s.a. ♂♂, 1 p. s.a. ♂, 1 p. s.a. ♀, 2 juvs). TAIWAN: Taipei City: Yangmingshan ; H. Yoshida leg. 07. IV.1979; 2 ♀♀ ( SB 877–878 ), YPM. Miaoli county: Kuan-Wu, N 24°24'20'', E 120°58'32'', ca. 1200 m, secondary forest GoogleMaps ; R.C. Cheng leg. XI.2009; 1 s.a. ♂ ( SB 1011 ), 1 p. s.a. ♂ ( SB 1012 ), SMF . Taichung county: Wushihkeng, N 24°16'30'', E 120°56'56'', 950–1000 m, mixture of broadleaf forest and plantation forest, edge of a trail GoogleMaps ; R.C. Cheng leg. IX.2009; 2 juvs ( SB 277–278 ), SMF. Dong-Shi (Dongshih), N 24°15'04'', E 120°51'03'', ca. 450 m, secondary forest; R.C. Cheng leg. XI.2010; 4 s.a. ♂♂ ( SB 1019 , 1022–1023 , 1026 ), 1 p. s.a. ♀ ( SB 1020 ), SMF . Nantou county: Tsuifeng, ca. N 24°06', E 121°12', ca. 2200 m GoogleMaps ; H. Yoshida leg. 23.VII.1977; 1 ♂ ( SB 876 ), YPM. Yuchih (Yu-Chi) township , Lian-Hua-Chih, N 23°55'07'', E 120°53'02'', ca. 700 m, secondary forest GoogleMaps ; R.C. Cheng leg. II.2011 ; 1 s.a. ♂ ( SB 1009 ), SMF. Meichi; H. Yoshida leg. 30. III.1979; 1 ♀ ( SB 619 ), NSMT 8377. Chiayi county: Alishan ; H. Yoshida leg. 11.VII.1977; 1 ♀ ( SB 880 ), YPM .

Etymology. The specific name refers to the similarity of the epigynal median septum of the female type specimens with a keyhole (Latin “clavis” means “key, lock, keyhole”); term (noun) in apposition.

Diagnosis (see also diagnosis for sinensis -group above). Males with relatively simple embolus base (EB), without apophyses or special structures, except a few ridges ( Fig. 66c View FIGURES 66 ). Tegulum (T) protruding baso-retrolaterally ( Fig. 66b View FIGURES 66 ). Palpal femur only with very indistinct ventral modification ( Fig. 66d View FIGURES 66 ), almost not recognisable as such. Epigyne of females similar to P. senoculatus in having elongated median septum (MS) broadest in anterior half. Distinguished by the shorter MS (at most 1.5x longer than broad) ( Fig.67a View FIGURES 67 ). Vulva with initial section of copulatory duct (CD) already included in kidney-shaped bulbous section ( Fig. 67b View FIGURES 67 ). The latter clearly longer than broad and not in direct contact with the spermathecae.

Description. Male:

Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 6.3–10.2, carapace width 4.3–7.0, anterior width of carapace 2.7–3.9, opisthosoma length 7.7–11.6, opisthosoma width 4.6–6.1. Eyes: AME 0.31–0.41, ALE 0.38–0.49, PME 0.39–0.51, PLE 0.38–0.51, AME–AME 0.18–0.27, AME–ALE 0.08–0.11, PME–PME 0.28–0.37, PME–PLE 0.39–0.44, AME–PME 0.60–0.76, ALE–PLE 0.43–0.57, clypeus height at AME 0.87–1.20, clypeus height at ALE 0.79–1.15.

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1243. Palp: 7.4–11.5 [2.7–3.9, 1.2–1.9, 1.1–1.8, 2.4–3.9]; Legs: I 49.2–70.0 [12.7–17.8, 3.0–4.7, 14.1–19.3, 13.5–19.9, 5.9–8.3], II 38.9–52.8 [10.6–14.6, 2.7–4.2, 10.4–13.5, 10.4–14.5, 4.8–6.0], III 27.7–37.6 [8.0–10.7, 2.2–3.3, 6.8–9.4, 7.2–9.8, 3.5–4.4], IV 38.8–52.6 [10.4–14.7, 2.4–3.6, 10.0–13.8, 11.0–14.3, 5.0–6.2].

Spination. Palp: 131 (121), 110(prolateral one small), 1101(all spines small); legs: femur I 546 (546,525), II 546 (546,526) III 545 (545,525,565), IV 544 (544,524); patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 2034 (2034,3034), IV 3036 (3036,3034); metatarsus I–III 3035, IV 3035 (3035,3036).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for sinensis -group). Embolus slightly serrated ventrally ( Fig. 66b View FIGURES 66 ). Conductor apically with folding and dorsally with small spines ( Figs 66a–b View FIGURES 66 ). Sperm duct with transversal section in retrolateral half of T and with distinct loop in prolateral half. Palpal tibia short ( Figs 66a–c View FIGURES 66 ).

Female (Measurements of holotype first, those of paratype females as range in parentheses).

Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 8.2 (7.2–8.5), carapace width 5.7 (4.7–6.0), anterior width of carapace 3.8 (3.3–3.9), opisthosoma length 9.7 (7.3–11.6), opisthosoma width 3.9 (3.6–6.8). Eyes: AME 0.41 (0.37–0.44), ALE 0.50 (0.46–0.51), PME 0.51 (0.47–0.51), PLE 0.49 (0.46–0.50), AME–AME 0.22 (0.17–0.24), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.05–0.06), PME–PME 0.31 (0.29–0.36), PME–PLE 0.43 (0.40–0.48), AME–PME 0.66 (0.63–0.73), ALE–PLE 0.48 (0.51–0.61), clypeus height at AME 1.03 (0.91–1.05), clypeus height at ALE 1.03 (0.85–1.03).

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1243 (1243,1423). Palp: 9.4 (9.0–10.2) [3.3 (3.1–3.3), 1.3 (1.2–1.6), 1.7 (1.7–1.9), 3.1 (3.0–3.4)]; Legs: I 48.3 (42.9–48.7) [13.2 (11.7–13.2), 3.6 (3.0–3.6), 13.8 (11.9–13.7), 12.3 (11.1–12.7), 5.4 (5.2–5.7)], II 38.7 (32.6–39.0) [11.3 (9.4–10.8), 3.3 (2.7–3.3), 10.3 (9.2–10.5), 9.4 (8.2–9.8), 4.4 (3.1–4.6)], III 27.2 (24.3–28.1) [8.3 (7.3–8.3), 2.4 (2.2–2.6), 6.6 (6.0–6.9), 6.7 (5.9–7.1), 3.2 (2.9–3.2)], IV 38.3 (34.3–38.9) [11.4 (9.9–11.2), 2.8 (2.3–2.9), 10.1 (9.1–10.2), 9.5 (8.6–9.9), 4.5 (4.3–4.7)].

Palpal claw with 15 (13–15) teeth.

Spination. Palp: 131 (131), 110 (110), 1101 (1101), 1014 (1014); legs (—except for patella— variable, only most common states noted): femur I 546 (536,526), II 546 (546,436,636) III 545 (555,536,445), IV 544 (554,544,434); patella I–II, IV 000 (000), III 000{100} (000); tibia I 3038 (3038), II 3038 (3038,3037), III 2036 {2024} (2036,2035,2026), IV 2036 (3036,2036,3027); metatarsus I 3035 (3035), II 3035 (3035,3037), III 3035 (3035), IV 3035 (3035,3025,3036).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of sinensis -group). Margins of MS at least slightly S-shaped. Slit sense organs outside and epigynal muscle sigilla within epigynal field ( Fig. 67a View FIGURES 67 ). Bulbous parts of CD ( Figs 67b,i View FIGURES 67 ) laterally convex, medially concav, separated from receptacula by a gap.

Primordial copulatory organ. Pre-epigyne: Similar to P. senoculatus in shape of pre-MS. The latter (at least slightly) longer than broad and with (almost) parallel margins ( Fig. 67d View FIGURES 67 ). Distinguished by the shorter pre-MS whose margins anteriorly bordered by transversal edges ( Fig. 67d View FIGURES 67 ).

Pre-vulva: Similar to P. senoculatus . Distinguished by the shorter pre-CD ( Fig. 67e View FIGURES 67 ).

Colouration of male and female (see also description for sinensis -group and Psechrus ). Median bands on carapace slightly serrated. Lateral bands very narrow (at most 0.7 diameter of PME) and not serrated. Light longitudinal line ventrally on opisthosoma may be broken subdistally or strongly constricted subdistally and broad. If measured centrally on opisthosoma, its width is ca. 0.7–1.2 times the width of one half of the cribellum. Distal part (patch) mostly broader than main section.

Variation of copulatory organs. In males T may be a bit shorter and the spines on C may be more indistinct (not illustrated) than in SB 616 ( Figs 66a–c View FIGURES 66 ). In females MS may be slightly narrower ( Fig. 67h View FIGURES 67 ) or broader ( Fig. 67j View FIGURES 67 , 89h View FIGURES 89 ) than in holotype. Posterior part of MS straight in holotype ( Fig. 67a View FIGURES 67 ) and very slightly concave medially in SB 793 from Chitou, Nantou County ( Fig. 67h View FIGURES 67 ). In vulvae the shapes of bulbous section of CD may be broader ( Fig. 67f View FIGURES 67 ) or narrower ( Fig. 67i View FIGURES 67 ) than in holotype ( Fig. 67b View FIGURES 67 ) or in SB 793 from Chitou ( Fig. 67g View FIGURES 67 ). Spermathecal head in some specimens with additional, small outgrowth ( Fig. 67g View FIGURES 67 ).

Remarks: Ono (2009) and Yoshida (2009) regarded this species as P. taiwanensis . However, a comparison of the females of this new species examined in the present study with the female P. taiwanensis holotype, showed that their copulatory organs are clearly different.

Distribution. Taiwan ( Fig. 97 View FIGURE 97 ).

References

Chen, S. - H. (1996) A checklist of spiders in Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum, 39, 123 - 155.

Chen, S. - H. (1999) Cytological studies on six species of spiders from Taiwan (Araneae: Theridiidae, Psechridae, Uloboridae, Oxyopidae, and Ctenidae). Zoological Studies, 38 (4), 423 - 434.

Chen, S. - H. (2001) A guide to common spiders of Taiwan. Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan, 317 pp.

Kayashima, I. (1962) On Psechrus torvus from Taiwan. Atypus, 25, 9 - 11.

Ono, H. (2009) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa, Japan, 739 pp.

Yoshida, H. (1978) On some Formosan spiders (1). Atypus, 71, 21 - 28.

Yoshida, H. (2009) Notes on the genus Psechrus (Araneae: Psechridae) from Taiwan. Acta Arachnologica, 58 (1), 7 - 10.

Figures

FIGURES 66a–e. Psechrus clavis sp. nov. a–d ♂ paratype SB 616 from Taiwan, Nantou County. e s.a. ♂ SB 1026 from Taiwan, Taichung County. a–c ♂ palp (a prolateral, b ventral, c retrolateral view). d ♂ left palpal femur, retrolateral view. e Left cheliceral furrow, orthogonal view.

FIGURES 67a–j. Psechrus clavis sp. nov., ♀ adult and primordial copulatory organ. a–c ♀ holotype SB 1021, d–e s.a. ♀ paratype SB276, both from Taiwan, Taichung County. g–h ♀ paratype SB 793, i–j ♀ SB 619, both from Taiwan, Nantou County. f ♀ SB 877 from Taiwan, Taipei County. a, h, j Epigyne, ventral view. b, f–g, i Vulva, dorsal view. c Schematic course of internal duct system. d Pre-epigyne, ventral view. e Pre-vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURES 86a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of left ♂ palp. a P.sinensis. b P. triangulus. c P. tingpingensis. d P. obtectus sp. nov. e P. senoculatus. f P. clavis sp. nov. g P. torvus. h P. hartmanni sp. nov. i P. zygon sp. nov.? j P. crepido sp. nov. k P. schwendingeri sp. nov. l P.cebu. m–o P. kunmingensis. a ♂ syntype SB 521 from China, Guizhou Prov. b ♂ paratype SB 882 from China, Yunnan Prov. c ♂ SB 529 from China, Hunan Prov. d ♂ paratype SB 1150 from Vietnam, Bac Thai Prov. e ♂ paratype SB 537 from China, Hunan Prov. f ♂ paratype SB 1008 from Taiwan, Nantou County. g ♂ paralectotype SB 264 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. h ♂ SB 624 from Sri Lanka. i ♂ SB 848 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. j ♂ holotype SB 644 from India, Tamil Nadu Prov. k ♂ holotype SB 143 from Philippines, Luzon, Mountain Prov. l ♂ holotype SB 149 from Philippines, Cebu Prov. m–o ♂ from China, Yunnan Prov., Kunming. a–m, o ventral, n prolateral view.

FIGURES 89a–p. Psechrus spp., photos of epigyne, ventral view. a P. sinensis. b P. triangulus. c P. tingpingensis. d P. obtectus sp. nov. e P.fuscaisp. nov. f P. kunmingensis. g P. senoculatus. h P.clavis sp. nov. i P. kenting. j P. taiwanensis. k P. crepido sp. nov. l P. cebu. m P. torvus. n P. hartmanni sp. nov. o P. zygon sp. nov. p P. tauricornis sp. nov. a ♀ paratype SB 524 from China, Guizhou Prov. b ♀ holotype SB 881 from China, Yunnan Prov. c ♀ paratype SB 194 from China, Hunan Prov. d ♀ paratype SB 1153 from Vietnam, Bac Thai Prov. e ♀ holotype SB 954 from China, Yunnan Prov. f ♀ SB 953 from China, Yunnan Prov. g ♀ SB 886 from China, Sichuan Prov. h ♀ paratype SB 614 from Taiwan, Taoyuan County. i ♀ paratype SB 618 from Taiwan, Taitung County. j ♀ holotype SB 238 from Taiwan. k ♀ paratype SB 984 from India, Tamil Nadu Prov. l ♀ paratype SB 151 from Philippines, Cebu Prov. m ♀ SB 941 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 845 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. o ♀ holotype SB 846 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. p ♀ paratype SB 849 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov.

FIGURES 92a–p. Psechrus spp., photos of vulva, dorsal view. a P. sinensis. b P. triangulus. c P. tingpingensis. d P. obtectus sp. nov. e P.fuscaisp. nov. f P. kunmingensis. g P. senoculatus. h P.clavis sp. nov. i P. kenting. j P. taiwanensis. k P. crepido sp. nov. l P. cebu. m P. torvus. n P. hartmanni sp. nov. o P. zygon sp. nov. p P. tauricornis sp. nov. a ♀ paratype SB 524 from China, Guizhou Prov. b ♀ holotype SB 881 from China, Yunnan Prov. c ♀ paratype SB 194 from China, Hunan Prov. d ♀ paratype SB 1155 from Vietnam, Bac Thai Prov. e ♀ holotype SB 954 from China, Yunnan Prov. f ♀ SB 953 from China, Yunnan Prov. g ♀ SB 886 from China, Sichuan Prov. h ♀ paratype SB 831 from Taiwan, Chiayi County. i ♀ paratype SB 618 from Taiwan, Taitung County. j ♀ holotype SB 238 from Taiwan. k ♀ paratype SB 984 from India, Tamil Nadu Prov. l ♀ paratype SB 151 from Philippines, Cebu Prov. m ♀ SB 941 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 845 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. o ♀ holotype SB 846 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov. p ♀ paratype SB 849 from Sri Lanka, Central Prov.