Hypothenemus plumeriae ( Nordlinger, 1856 )

Atkinson, Thomas H. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2021, New species, new records and synonymy of Brazilian species of Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insecta Mundi 2021 (846), pp. 1-33: 4

Hypothenemus plumeriae ( Nordlinger, 1856)   Edit , status restored

Bostrichus plumeriae Nordlinger 1856: 74   Edit

Hypothenemus plumeriae (Nordlinger)   Edit . Wood and Bright 1992: 938. Complete synonymy given.

Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood 1834   Edit . Bright 2019: 136 plumeriae   Edit = eruditus   Edit

Stephanoderes parallelus Hopkins, 1915: 25   Edit . New synonymy.

Wood (1982: 905) questioned the validity of H. parallelus   Edit and suggested that it might be a synonym of H. eruditus Westwood. Later   Edit he suggested that it might be synonymous with H. plumeriae ( Wood 2007)   Edit . Large numbers of specimens of H. plumeriae   Edit were collected from traps in Brazil by the second author and collaborators and we were concerned that the differences given in his 2007 key between H. parallelus   Edit and H. plumeriae   Edit were extremely minor and variable. The holotype of S. parallelus (USNM)   Edit was compared by the first author with those of S. cylindricus Hopkins   Edit (USNM), H. pallidus Hopkins   Edit (USNM), and H. guadaloupensis Schedl   Edit (USNM), all of which have previously been synonymized with H. plumeriae   Edit by Wood. Likewise, all of the specimens in Wood’s collection identified as H. plumeriae   Edit were studied. We conclude that parallelus Hopkins   Edit falls within the range of H. plumeriae sensu Wood (2007)   Edit . Bright (2019: 136) treated H. plumeriae   Edit as a synonym of eruditus Westwood   Edit without mentioning H. parallelus   Edit because the small frontal elevation on the frons was difficult to see. While this character is subtle, it is consistent and typical “ eruditus   Edit ” and “ plumeriae   Edit ” are often found in the same trap samples with no intergradation. There is a great deal of variation within what is currently referred to H. eruditus   Edit which is most likely a complex of cryptic species ( Kambestad et al. 2017), but all of these forms have the frons completely convex apart from a slight transverse impression above the epistoma. In specimens of H. plumeriae   Edit there is a distinct concavity above the epistoma with an impunctate elevation above it in the middle of the frons.