Waunana, HUBER, 2000

HUBER, BERNHARD A., 2000, New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (254), pp. 1-348 : 274-281

WAUNANA , NEW GENUS

TYPE SPECIES: Blechroscelis modesta Banks, 1929 .

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name honors the Waunana Indians , a tropical forest tribe living in the Colombian Chocó and Panamanian Darién. Gender feminine.

DIAGNOSIS: Medium-sized (total length 1.6–2.7 mm), rather light, eight-eyed pholcids with relatively long legs, longer-thanhigh opisthosoma; distinguished from similar genera ( Modisimus , Pisaboa ) by the combination of anterior humps on male sternum, apophyses on male chelicerae, pointed and upward-projecting (‘‘pup’’) apophysis on male palpal femur, eight eyes on moderately elevated ocular area, and many vertical hairs on femora and tibiae of male legs.

DESCRIPTION: Total length ~ 1.6–2.7 mm. Carapace with distinct thoracic groove, ocular area moderately elevated, with eight eyes, AME smallest; distance PME-ALE relatively large (80–100% of PME diameter). Sternum with humps (absent in W. eberhardi , n. sp.). Male clypeus unmodified. Basal segment of male chelicerae with pair of simple apophyses (more prominent in W. tulcan , n. sp.); without stridulatory ridges laterally; fangs unmodified. Male palpal coxa with retrolateral apophysis, femur with prominent retrolateral apophysis proximally and ‘‘pup’’ apophysis distally (missing in W. tulcan ); procursus long and thin, with simple tip. Tarsal organ exposed (examined: W. modesta ). Legs relatively long (leg 1 about 9–13 × body length; tibia 1 l/d usually 75–85; only 56 in W. tulcan ); leg formula 1243; legs without spines and curved hairs; with many vertical hairs on femora and tibiae (not in W. tulcan ); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 very proximal (at 3–4%); tarsus 1 with ~ 20–30 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma longer than high, pointed at spinnerets. Male gonopore without epiandrous spigots (examined: W. modesta ). ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each (examined: W. modesta ), other spinnerets typical for family.

Female only known in type species; sexual dimorphism slight. Epigynum and stridulation see W. modesta description below.

MONOPHYLY: The species included do not share a clear synapomorphy, but rather show general and specific similarities (habitus and pale coloration; simple, spinelike procursus; one pair of apophyses on male chelicerae; many vertical hairs on male femora and tibiae), could not convincingly be placed into another genus, and occur in a restricted geographic region. The unique stridulatory apparatus in W. modesta females might be a synapomorphy, but in no other species is the female known.

GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS: Waunana shares the high concentration of vertical hairs on male femora with Modisimus , a largely Central American genus, but it lacks the high eye turret of typical Modisimus . Several other genera share the many vertical hairs on the tibiae; of these, Pomboa and Pisaboa appear similar to Waunana , and Pisaboa also shares the ‘‘pup’’ apophysis on the male palpal femur.

SPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS: W. anchicaya , n. sp., is very close to W. modesta (identical male chelicerae, minimal differences in the procursus); W. eberhardi shares with these species the many vertical hairs on femora and tibiae; W. tulcan is quite different (no vertical hairs, no ‘‘pup’’ apophysis) and therefore assigned tentatively.

DISTRIBUTION/COMPOSITION: Four described species from Panama, Colombia and Ecuador east of the Andes. W. tulcan is the only species from high in the Andes (2400 m elev.), but this species is also tentatively assigned for other reasons (see above).

Waunana modesta (Banks, 1929) , new combination Figures 199 , 1101–1114

Blechroscelis modesta Banks, 1929: 57 , figs. 24, 39, 41, 80.

TYPES: Two male and one female syntypes from Barro Colorado , Canal Zone, Panama ; June 20–24 and July 13, 1924 (N. Banks) and Ft. Davis, July 3, 1924 (N. Banks), in MCZ (examined) .

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from close relatives ( W. anchicaya , eberhardi ) by the curved slender procursus (figs. 1106–1108), and the bipartite bulbal apophysis (figs. 1105–1106).

MALE (syntype from Ft. Davis): Total length 2.1, carapace width 0.9; leg 1: (6.6+0.4+6.7, metatarsus and tarsus miss- ing), tibia 2: 4.0, tibia 3: 2.8, tibia 4: 3.5; tibia 1 l/d: 75. Habitus as in fig. 1101; prosoma ochre-yellow, with deep thoracic groove and moderately elevated ocular area with eight eyes (figs. 1101–1103); distance PME-ALE about 80% of PME diameter. Sternum with pair of anterior humps (figs. 1102, 1104); chelicerae with pair of frontal apophyses distally, directed inward (fig. 1109). Palps as in figs. 1105–1106, with distinct retrolateral coxal apophysis, femur with proximal bulge and distal ventral apophysis (fig. 1110), procursus slender and curved, with distal ventral lamina (figs. 1107–1108), bulb with bipartite distal apophysis. Legs ochre-yellow; femora and tibiae with many vertical hairs, without spines and curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 4%; tarsus 1 (male from Barro Colorado) apparently with over 20 pseudosegments (very difficult to count). Opisthosoma pale greenish-gray, with faint dorsal marks (fig. 1101); gonopore without epiandrous spigots; ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each.

FEMALE (syntype): Total length 2.0; tibia 1: 3.8. General shape and colors as in male; sternum without humps, femora and tibiae without vertical hairs. Unique stridulatory apparatus ventrally between prosoma and opisthosoma: sclerotized edge on prosoma against transverse band of about a dozen tiny cuticular knobs on opisthosoma (fig. 1114). Epigynum only slightly darker than opisthosoma, with pair of large pits (figs. 1111– 1112; the ‘‘two circular openings’’ of Banks, 1929). Dorsal view as in fig. 1113.

VARIATION (Barro Colorado Island): Tibia 1 in another male: 6.1; tibia 1 in 10 females: 3.8–4.3 (x¯ = 4.1).

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Canal Zone, Panama.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: PANAMA: Canal Zone: Ft. Davis: syntype above ; Barro Colorado: syntypes above; Barro Colorado Island , July–August 1939 (A. M. Chickering), several vials with males and females, in MCZ .

Waunana anchicaya , new species Figures 1115–1121

TYPES: Male holotype, 13 paratype from ‘‘Cent. Anchicaya´’’ (hydroelectric dam on Rio Anchicayá at ~ 400 m elev.), Dept. del Valle, Colombia ; no date (W. G. Eberhard), in MCZ .

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality. The specific name is a noun in apposition.

DIAGNOSIS: Close relative of W. modesta , distinguished by the straighter procursus and its tip (figs. 1116–1118), and the single apophysis on the bulb (fig. 1116).

MALE (holotype): Total length 2.7, carapace width 1.13; leg 1: 35.0 (8.0+0.5+8.4 +15.6+2.5), tibia 2: 5.2, tibia 3: 3.8, tibia 4: 4.7; tibia 1 l/d: 79. Prosoma shape and eye pattern as in W. modesta (cf. figs. 1102– 1104); distance PME-ALE about 80% of PME diameter; humps on sternum very low, almost invisible; carapace, ocular area, clypeus, and palps ochre to light brown, with darker spot behind ocular area; sternum light ochre. Chelicerae light brown with black apophyses in same position as in W. modesta (cf. fig. 1109), but slightly smaller. Palps as in figs. 1115–1116, with distinct retrolateral apophysis on coxa, femur with proximal bulge and distal ventral apophysis, long thin procursus with distal ventral lamina (figs. 1117–1118), bulb tapering into single distal apophysis (fig. 1116). Legs light brown, without markings; femora and tibiae with many vertical hairs; without spines and curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 4%; tarsus 1 with over 20 pseudosegments (quite distinct). Opisthosoma shape as in W. modesta (cf. fig. 1101), but slightly longer, ochre-gray, with hardly visible darker spots dorsally.

VARIATION: Tibia 2 in paratype: 4.7. Male from Ecuador (see below) with longer opisthosoma and minimally different procursus tip (figs. 1119–1121), assigned tentatively.

FEMALE: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Colombia, Dept. del Valle, and possibly Ecuador: Los Rios (see Variation).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: COLOMBIA: Dept. del Valle: types above. ECUADOR: Los Rios: km 56 Quevedo to Sto Domingo, Jan. 27, 1973 (V. Brach), 13 in MCZ, assigned tentatively.

Waunana eberhardi , new species Figures 1122–1127

TYPE: Male holotype from ‘‘Cent. Anchicaya´’’ (hydroelectric dam on Rio Anchicayá at ~ 400 m elev.), Dept. del Valle, Colombia ; 1975 (W. G. Eberhard), in MCZ .

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the collector of the type material.

DIAGNOSIS: Close relative of W. modesta and anchicaya , distinguished by the procursus that suddenly narrows into a distal spine bent ventrally (figs. 1123–1124), the cheliceral apophyses that are less converging at their tips (fig. 1127), the palpal coxal apophysis that is more rounded (fig. 1126), and the distal femur apophysis that sits on a large bulge (fig. 1122).

MALE (holotype): Total length 2.5, carapace width 1.00; leg 1: 31.8 (7.6+0.5+7.6 +14.1+2.0), tibia 2: 4.3, tibia 3: 3.0, tibia 4: 3.9; tibia 1 l/d: 84. Prosoma shape and eyes as in W. modesta (cf. figs. 1102–1104; distance PME-ALE about 80% of PME diameter; sternum, however, without humps); entire prosoma pale orange-ochre, except brown Y mark dorsally; sternum orange; chelicerae with pair of frontal apophyses (fig. 1127). Palps as in figs. 1125–1126; with rounded retrolateral apophysis on coxa, femur with proximal bulge and distal ventral apophysis (fig. 1122); procursus simple dark rod that bifurcates distally into short translucent dorsal projection and ventrally bent black spine (figs. 1123–1124). Legs orange-ochre, tips of femora and tibiae slightly lighter; hairs on legs as in W. modesta and anchicaya ; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 3%; tarsus 1 with ~ 30 quite distinct pseudosegments. Opisthosoma shape as in W. modesta (cf. fig. 1101), but slightly longer, pale ochregray, genital plate slightly brownish.

VARIATION: Tibia 1 in male from Nariño: 7.9.

FEMALE: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from western Colombia (Dept. del Valle, Nariño).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: COLOMBIA: Dept. del Valle : type above ; Nariño: Barbacoas , 20 m elev., Mar. 20, 1974 (W. G. Eberhard), 13 in MCZ .

Waunana tulcan , new species Figures 1128–1132

TYPE: Male holotype from El Angel (Tul-

cán), Dept. Carchi, Ecuador; 2700 m elev.,

June 24, 1965 (L. Peña), in MCZ. NOTE: This species is tentatively assigned to Waunana because of the similarities with W. modesta in terms of prosoma shape, presence of sternum humps, slender procursus, and because of the geographic origin. It differs, however, in the absence of vertical hairs on legs, and the absence of a ventrodistal apophysis on the palpal femur.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality. The specific name is a noun in apposition.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from congeners by the large male cheliceral apophyses (figs. 1128–1129), the absence of an apophysis on the male palpal femur and the absence of vertical hairs on the femora and tibiae of all legs.

MALE (holotype): Total length 1.6, carapace width 0.8; leg 1: 15.1 (3.6+0.3+3.7 +6.0+1.5), tibia 2 missing, tibia 3: 1.7, tibia 4: 2.0; tibia 1 l/d: 56. Prosoma as in W. modesta (cf. figs. 1102–1104), but distance PME-ALE about 100% of PME diameter; carapace ochre-yellow, darker medially and around ocular area, ocular area with brown median band, clypeus with broad light brown band medially; sternum pale ochre-yellow with pair of distinct anterior humps (cf. figs. 1102, 1104). Chelicerae (figs. 1128–1129) ochre-yellow, only tips of long apophyses brown. Palps as in figs. 1130–1131, retrolateral coxal apophysis distinct but rounded, femur with long proximal protrusion, without distal ventral apophysis, procursus long and slender (fig. 1132), bulb with single, spinelike apophysis distally (figs. 1130–1131). Legs pale ochre-yellow, with hardly visible darker rings on femora and tibiae (distally), without spines, without curved and vertical hairs; tarsus 1 with over 20 pseudosegments (difficult to count). Opisthosoma slightly shrunken, but apparently more globular than in W. modesta (cf. fig. 1101), pale ochregray, with large blackish spots dorsally.

FEMALE: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: ECUADOR: Carchi: El Angel: type above.

Figures

Figs. 191–199. Posterior median spinnerets. 191. Smeringopus pallidus (Blackwall), female. 192. Uthina sp. from Sumatra, female. 193. Spermophora senoculata (Dugès), male. 194. Mesabolivar eberhardi, n. sp., female. 195. Artema atlanta Walckenaer, male. 196. Metagonia blanda Gertsch, male. 197. Chibchea ika, n. gen., n. sp., male. 198. Modisimus guatuso Huber, male. 199. Waunana modesta (Banks), male. Scale lines: 8 µm.