Theodisca biseriata ( Friedberg, 1914 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2023, A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5272 (1), pp. 1-241 : 83-87

Theodisca biseriata ( Friedberg, 1914)

Figs 12A–J

Cerithium nodoso-plicatum Ĥrn. — Ĥrnes 1855: 397, pl. 41, figs 20a–c [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Cerithium nodoso-plicatum Hoern. — Toula 1884: 222 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

? Cerithium nodosoplicatum Hoern. ?— Sokolov 1899: 37, 80, pl. 4, figs 23–24 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

* Potamides biseriatus Friedb. — Friedberg 1914: 293, pl. 18, figs 2–3.

Potamides Zboroviensis Friedb. — Friedberg 1914: 294, pl. 18, fig. 4.

Bittium dubiosum Friedb. — Friedberg 1914: 306, pl. 18, fig. 14.

Potamides zboroviensis Friedb. —Friedberg 1928: 599.

Cerithium nodosoplicatum (Ĥrn.) Sok. — Ossipov 1932: 68, pl. 4, fig. 27 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Cerithium nodosoplicatum M. Ĥrn. — Kolesnikov 1935: 227, pl. 28, figs 22–24 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Cerithium nymphoides n. sp. — Kolesnikov 1935: 227, pl. 28, figs 25–27.

Pirenella biseriata Friedberg — Sieber 1937: 480, pl. 25, figs D2, 3.

Potamides zboroviensis Friedb. — Friedberg 1938a: 102.

Potamides biseriatus Friedb. — Friedberg 1938b: 156, pl. 3, figs 16–20.

Cerithium nodosoplicatum M. Hoernes — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 91, pl. 2, fig. 22 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Cerithium biseriatum Friedb. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 90, pl. 1, fig. 51.

Cerithium gracile n.f.— Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 91, pl. 1, fig. 53, text-fig. 99.

Pirenella nodosoplicata Hoernes – Jekelius 1944: 78, pl. 20, figs 1–9 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Hoernes) — Papp 1954: 41, pl. 6, figs 25–26 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Ĥrnes) — Švagrovský 1954: 5, pl. 1, figs 1–13 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella biseriata (Friedberg) — Švagrovský 1954: 7, pl. 1, figs 14–33.

Bittium deforme Eichw. — Saulea 1956: 82, pl. 3, figs 20–21 [non Eichwald, 1829].

P [otamides]. nodosoplicata nodosoplicata (Ĥrn.) — Sieber 1958: 136 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella gamlitzensis gamlitzensis (Hilber) — Boda 1959: 616, pl. 25, figs 8–11 [non Hilber, 1879a].

Pirenella nodosoplicata nodosoplicata (M. Ĥrnes) — Švagrovský 1960: 79, pl. 8, figs 1–3 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata eichwaldi (R. Hoernes et Auinger) — Švagrovský 1960: 81, pl. 8, figs 7–9 [non Hilber, 1882].

Pirenella nodosoplicata M. Ĥrnes — Florei 1961: 683, pl. 7, fig. 49 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata eichwaldi (R. Hoern. et Auing.) — Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 16, fig. 6 [non Hilber, 1882].

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Hoernes) — Spajič 1966: 35, pl. 3, figs 5–6 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Potamides nodosoplicatus (M. Ĥrnes, 1856) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 159, pl. 39, figs 15–16 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Potamides biseriatus Friedberg, 1914 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 157, pl. 38, figs 23–24.

Potamides zboroviensis ( Friedberg, 1914) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 161, pl. 39, figs 23–24.

Pirenella nodosoplicata biseriata ( Friedberg, 1914) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 127, pl. 30, figs 7a–b.

Pirenella nodosoplicata nodosoplicata (Ĥrnes, 1856) — Kojumdgieva 1969: 91, pl. 32, figs 9–11 [non Ĥrnes 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata biseriata ( Friedberg, 1914) — Kojumdgieva 1969: 92, pl. 32, figs 12–14.

Cerithium nodosoplicatum Hoern. — Ali-Zade 1967: 203, pl. 75, fig. 4.

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Hörnes) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 118, pl. 8, figs 1–11 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella hartbergensis gracilis (Simionescu et Barbu) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 130, pl. 9, figs 16–21, pl. 10, figs 1–6.

Pirenella gamlitzensis biseriata (Friedberg) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 124, pl. 8, figs 12–16, pl. 9, figs 1–15.

Pirenella nodosoplicata nodosoplicata (M. Ĥrnes, 1856) — Švagrovský 1971: 337, pl. 57, figs 8–15 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata biseriata (Friedberg, 1923) — Švagrovský 1971: 340, pl. 58, figs 1–6.

Pirenella gamlitzensis biseriata (Friedb.) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1973b: plate, figs 1–5, 8–10.

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Hörn.) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1973b: plate, figs 6–7 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata (M. Hoernes) — Papp 1974: 344, pl. 7, figs 19–22 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosoplicata (Hoernes) — Munteanu & Munteanu 1997: 157, pl. 19, fig. 24 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Pirenella nodosliplicata [sic] nodosoplicata (Ĥrnes) — Schultz 1998: 130, pl. 59, figs 8a–d [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Granulolabium nodosoplicatum (Ĥrnes, 1856) — Harzhauser & Kowalke 2002: 66, pl. 13, fig. 6 [non figs 7, 11 = Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825) ].

Potamides gracile ( Simionescu et Barbu, 1940) — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108.

Potamides nodosoplicatus (Hoern.) — Ionesi 2006: 199, pl. 5, fig. 12 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

Potamides nodosoplicatus ( Ĥrnes, 1855) — Filipescu et al. 2014: 78, fig. 10/5 [non Ĥrnes, 1855].

non Cerithium zboroviense Friedb. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 90, pl. 1, fig. 52 [=?]. non Bittium dubiosum Friedb. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 100, pl. 2, fig. 23 [=?]. non Pirenella picta biseriata (Friedberg) — Švagrovský 1959: 222, pl. 6, fig. 14 [= Theodisca theodisca ( Rolle, 1856) ]. non Cerithium gracile Sim. et Barbu — Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 18, fig. 7 [= Cerithiidae ]. non Potamides (Pirenella) biseriatus Friedberg — Bałuk 1970: 117, pl. 10, fig. 5 [= Theodisca theodisca ( Rolle, 1856) ]. non Potamides (Pirenella) gamlitzensis (Hilber, 1879) — Iljina 1993: 73, pl. 9, figs 10–14 [= Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot,

1825)]. non Potamides nodosoplicatus ( Ĥrnes, 1855) — Landau et al. 2013: 54, pl. 4, figs 13–14 [= Theodisca theodisca ( Rolle,

1856)].

Type material. ZNG PAN A-I-50/707.2, lectotype designated by Švagrovský (1971: 341), Geological Museum of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, illustrated in Friedberg (1914: pl. 18, fig. 2) ( Figs 12A 1 –A 2). ZNG PAN A-I-50/707.1, paralectotype, Geological Museum of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, illustrated in Friedberg (1914: pl. 18, fig. 3) ( Figs 12B 1 –B 2).

Type locality. Glibiv ( Ukraine) .

Stratigraphy. Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian).

Illustrated material. NHMW 1855/0002/0090, SL: 10.1 mm, MD: 3.8 mm, Sedlec ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12C 1 –C 2. NHMW 1855/0002/0090, SL: 10.2 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Sedlec ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12D 1 –D 2; NHMW 2022/0126/0001, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Hauskirchen ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12E 1 –E 2. Nr 317/11126 (2871/331), SL: 14.0 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Răzeni ( Moldova), Sarmatian (Volhynian), lectotype (designated herein) of Potamides nymphoides Kolesnikov, 1935 , illustrated in Kolesnikov (1935: pl. 28, fig. 25). TSNIGR Museum Saint-Petersburg, Figs 12F 1 –F 2. NHMW 2022/0125/0001, SL: 10.1 mm, MD: 4.3 mm, Čejč ( Czech Republic) Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12G 1 –G 2. NHMW 2022/0125/0002, SL: 11.3 mm, MD: 4.3 mm, Čejč ( Czech Republic) Sarmatian (Volhynian), Fig. 12H. NHMW 2022/0125/0003, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 2.9 mm, Hauskirchen ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12I 1 –I 2. NHMW 2022/0125/0003, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 2.9 mm, Hauskirchen ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 12J.

Studied material. NHMW 1855/0002/0089, SL: 10.1 mm, MD: 4.4 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 20a–20c); 19 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0233, Ĥflein ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1860/005070083, Hobersdorf ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1865/0001/0548, Gaweinsthal ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 9 spec., NHMW 2013/0288/0016, Hautzendorf ( Austria), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 17 spec., NHMW 2022/0126/0003, Čejč ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 12 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0273, Holič ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 27 spec., NHMW 1855/0002/0089, Mikulov ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 130 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0272, Velké Bílovice ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0272b, Podivín ( Kostel ) ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 130 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0272, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic), Sarmatian (Volhynian) ; 86 spec., Sedlec ( Voitelsbrunn ) ( Czech Republic); Sarmatian (Volhynian) .

Revised description. Small, stout to elongate conical to pupoid shell of eight teleoconch whorls, with cyrtoconoid spire; apical angle ~30–40°. Protoconch conical of three convex whorls. Two spiral cords on last protoconch whorl in midwhorl position and above abapical suture. Early teleoconch whorls decreasing in convexity, angulated at periphery close above abapical suture. Sculpture of two prominent, beaded spiral cords. Midwhorl cord separating faintly convex subsutural ramp, which occasionally bears third beaded spiral cord. Wide-spaced beads on spiral cords, strictly axially arranged without forming axial ribs. Later teleoconch whorls subcylindrical with two adsutural spiral cords with large, rounded beads, separated by band-like spiral groove. Third, weak spiral cord rarely intercalated between primaries. Last whorl slightly angulated at periphery; base rapidly contracting with prominent peribasal spiral cord and narrow fasciole. No varices. Aperture wide, ovoid. Columella concave, smooth. Inner lip forming thickened rim, well separated from base by narrow chink; rarely forming narrow pseudoumbilicus. Anal sinus narrowly incised. Outer lip slightly expanded, weakly thickened, with weak central angulation. Siphonal canal short, relatively narrow, incised, slightly deflected to the left.

Synonyms. Lozouet (1986: 178) recognized that the two specimens illustrated by Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 19–20) as Cerithium nodosoplicatum are not conspecific and concluded that fig. 19 represents a Granulolabium whereas fig. 20 is a Potamides . This view was adopted by D’Amico et al. (2012) and Landau et al. (2013) and is partly followed herein. Consequently, Lozouet (1986) and Landau et al. (2013) referred to Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 20) when discussing Potamides nodosoplicatus . All authors, however, have overlooked that Švagrovský (1971: 338) had selected fig. 19 as lectotype of this species. As a consequence of this unfortunate selection, the majority of literature references listing Potamides (or Pirenella ) nodosoplicatus have to be removed from synonymy and are treated herein as Theodisca biseriata ( Friedberg, 1914) . Cerithium gracile Simionescu & Barbu, 1940 was described from the Bessarabian of Moldova. The specimen illustrated by Simionescu & Barbu (1940) is fully in the range of Theodisca biseriata and there is no reason to separate it. Cerithium nymphoides Kolesnikov, 1935 represents a morphotype of Theodisca biseriata with reduced sculpture. Potamides zboroviensis Friedberg, 1914 and Bittium dubiosum Friedberg, 1914 represent slender morphs with delicate, distinctly beaded sculpture.

Discussion. This species was frequently confused with Theodisca theodisca ( Rolle, 1856) and vice versa. Both species may be closely related, and both are highly variable concerning the strength of the central cord. Theodisca biseriata , however, differs from Theodisca theodisca in its larger protoconch, smaller shell size, more conical outline, the more angulated periphery of the last whorl and the more flaring outer lip. Moreover, it develops less teleoconch whorls and the early teleoconch sculpture is blunt compared to the delicate sculpture of Theodisca theodisca . A third spiral cord of beads is occasionally intercalated between the two primary ribs. Such specimens are relatively rare in Sarmatian populations of Theodisca biseriata in the Central Paratethys.

Theodisca biseriata and T. theodisca seem to have preferred different habitats. Theodisca biseriata was documented by Harzhauser & Kowalke (2002) from the ‘ Potamides disjunctus assemblage’, which settled littoral to shallow sublittoral marine environments with mixed siliciclastic-carbonatic sediments. Theodisca theodisca , in contrast, occurred on brackish coastal mudflats and was found in lignitic marls associated with Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830) (own data M.H.).

The placement of this species in Granulolabium by Harzhauser & Kowalke (2002) was based on a juvenile shell of Granulolabium bicinctum , which was erroneously mistaken for “ Potamides nodosoplicatum ” by those authors.

Distribution. Theodisca biseriata was endemic to the Sarmatian Paratethys Sea. It appeared during the Volhynian and vanished after the Bessarabian.

Central Paratethys. Sarmatian, Volhynian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Tarnoruda (Khmel'nytskyi Region), Butsyky, Glibiv, Zboriv (Ternopil Region) ( Ukraine), Bogucice, Miechocin ( Poland), Nowy Sącz Basin:Niskowa( Poland)( Friedberg1914,1928,1938a); Vienna Basin:Gaweinstal,Hauskirchen, Hautzendorf, Hobersdorf, Berndorf (St. Veit an der Triesting), ( Ĥrnes 1855; Toula 1884; Sieber 1937); Bílovice u Uherského Hradiště, Čejč, Podivín, ( Czech Republic), Holič, Šaštinské Stráže, Strážnice ( Slovakia) (Quenstedt 1884; Švagrovský 1971); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: St. Margarethen, Wiesen ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937; Harzhauser & Kowalke 2002); Slovakian Basin: Slanec, Kalša, Herl'any, Bohdanovce, Nižná Myšľa, Nižný Čaj, Slanec, Trstené pri Hornáde ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1954, 1971); Styrian Basin: Bad Gleichenberg ( Ĥrnes 1855); Pannonian Basin: Soceni ( Romania) ( Jekelius 1944); East Slovakian Basin: Ždaňa, Skaroš ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1954); Borod Basin: Vârciorog ( Romania) ( Filipescu et al. 2014); Mehadia Basin: Valea Belibuc, Valea Bobiac ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Banat: Zorenţul-Mare ( Romania) ( Florei 1961).

Eastern Paratethys. Sarmatian, Volhynian (Middle Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Kuncha (Khmel'nytskyi Region, Ukraine), Bursuc, Butuceni, Camenca, Ghidirim, MolochiȘul, Răzeni, Severinovca, Tîrnova, Zgurița, Zăzuleni ( Moldova) ( Kolesnikov 1935; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970). Sarmatian, Bessarabian (Late Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Chişinău, Doibani, Calfa, Ghidirim, Oxentea, Piatra ( Moldova) ( Simionescu & Barbu 1940; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970); Dacian Basin: Deleina, Gomotartsi, Gradeshnitsa, Koshava, Lipen, Shiyakovo, also Vratsa and Pleven provinces ( Bulgaria) ( Kojumdgieva 1969); Oancea Valley ( Romania) ( Munteanu & Munteanu 1997).

1934), PIN 5872/18, Belaya River ( Russia, Adygea), early Chokrakian. F. Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) , PIN 5872/20,

Mount Bryk ( Russia, Stavropol Krai), early Chokrakian. G 1 –G 2. Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) , PIN 5872/21, Mount Bryk ( Russia, Stavropol Krai), early Chokrakian. H. Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) , TSNIGR Nr. 161/11330, Benoi

( Russia, Chechnya), early Chokrakian, holotype of Cerithium acriculus Zhizhchenko, 1934 . I. Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko,

1934), NHM TG 27311, lectotype of Cerithium truncatum Baily, 1858 , Mramornaya gully (= “ Gorge of Iphigenia ”) (Crimea) ,

early Chokrakian. J. Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) , PIN 5872/6, Malyi Kamyshlak (Crimea), early Chokrakian. K.

Theodisca cicur ( Zhizhchenko, 1934) , PIN 5872 /7, Mount Bryk ( Russia, Stavropol Krai), early Chokrakian .