Inaequalium, Coscaron & Wygodzinsky, 1984
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1834.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987D4-FFD7-FF8E-9580-F937FA22FEB0 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Inaequalium |
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Key to species of Inaequalium
Several keys exist that purport to separate the females and males of all species of the Inaequalium species group. However, we were unable to reliably separate the adult life stage of this homogenous group, except to species group using the structure of the paraproct ( Figs. 120–133 View PLATE 10 ) and the gonostyle ( Figs. 168–182 View PLATE 13 ). From there on species separation is not possible because of their morphological homogeneity and so recourse has to be made to reared specimens with attention given to pupal morphology. The reader should consult the morphological descriptions and digital images of adults as an aid to species identification. The number and configuration of the pupal gill filaments is usually the most reliable taxonomic character to identify species in this subgenus. However, variation in this character has been found in several taxa making their identification difficult for non-taxonomists. Simulium lurybayae and S. parimaense are not included in the key to species because the pupa is unknown in the former species, and because of the confusion on the status of the female and pupa of the latter (see also Taxonomic discussion under each taxon).
PUPAE
1. Gill bifid or trifid, swollen, with finger-like or fine secondary filaments and usually with bulbous protrusions.............................................................................................................................................................2
– Gills with 3–6, fine or swollen filaments, without finger-like secondary filaments and no bulbous protrusions............................................................................................................................................................5
2. Gill trifid, forwardly directed from base, regular in shape with dorsal primary branch narrowing apically and sometimes with two finger-like projections. Gill covered with fine spicules ( Figs. 236–239 View PLATE 21 ) .............. ................................................................................................................................................... S. travassosi View in CoL
– Gill bifid, primary branches initially orientated in dorsal and ventral planes and then forwardly directed, irregular in shape with dorsal primary branch narrowing apically with or without finger-like projections. Gill glabrous or covered with spicules and/or hairs ( Figs. 205–211 View PLATE 17 )...........................................................3
3. Gill surface glabrous. Dorsal primary branch bifurcating basally forming tapering secondary branches; upper branch bifurcating distally and lower branch bifurcating basally. Ventral primary branch short and bulbous with two short, pointed filaments apically ( Fig. 211 View PLATE 17 ) ................................................ S. souzalopesi View in CoL
– Gill surface with spicules and/or hair. Dorsal and ventral primary branches short and swollen, either tapering apically or not, with pointed ends ( Figs. 205–210 View PLATE 17 )................................................................................4
4. Dorsal primary branch with small bulbous protrusion basally, one or two ventrally directed short, stout filaments beyond mid point on ventral surface and 1–4 short, stout terminal filaments. Ventral primary branch shorter with bulbous protrusion near base. Filaments covered in spicules. ( Figs. 205, 206 View PLATE 17 ) ............ ........................................................................................................................................ S. botulibranchium View in CoL
– Dorsal primary branch with small bulbous protrusion at right angle from where it points forward from its basal vertical orientation; apex of primary branch with 3–4 finger-like projections. Ventral primary branch of similar form except tapering apically with no division. Filaments covered in hairs and spicules. ( Figs. 207–210 View PLATE 17 ) ............................................................................................................................... S. petropoliense View in CoL
5. Gill with four filaments................................................................................................................................6
– Gill with six filaments.................................................................................................................................8
6. Gill filaments fine ( Fig. 217 View PLATE 18 ) ............................................................................................... S. margaritatum View in CoL
– Gill filaments stout ( Figs. 216 View PLATE 18 , 229–234 View PLATE 20 ).....................................................................................................7
7. Gill filaments all arising from base and tapering distally ( Fig. 216 View PLATE 18 ) ............................... S. maranguapense View in CoL
– Gill bifurcating basally with a further bifurcation in each of the dorsal and ventral primary branches. Bifurcation of dorsal primary branch varying in position from basal to apical; bifurcation of ventral primary branch near mid-point of gill ( Figs. 229–234 View PLATE 20 ) ..................................................................... S. rappae View in CoL
8. Gill filaments lightly to strongly swollen with basal division into three primary branches, each of which bifurcates at varying distances from base ( Figs. 219–228 View PLATE 18 View PLATE 19 ) ............................................................ S. rappae View in CoL
– Gill filaments narrow and dividing into primary branches basally ( Figs. 212–215, 218 View PLATE 17 View PLATE 18 , 235 View PLATE 21 )................... 9
9. Apices of filaments club-shaped and pointed ( Figs. 212 View PLATE 17 , 213 View PLATE 18 ) ....................................... S. clavibranchium View in CoL
– Apices of filaments narrow and pointed ( Figs. 214, 215, 218 View PLATE 18 , 235 View PLATE 21 ) ......................................................... 10
10. Gill divided basally into three primary branches ( Fig. 215 View PLATE 18 ) ..................................................... S. inaequale
– Gill divided basally into dorsal and ventral primary branches ( Figs. 214, 218 View PLATE 18 , 235 View PLATE 21 )................................ 11
11. Dorsal primary branch thicker than ventral primary branch. Dorsal primary branch bifurcates basally into two thick secondary branches, each of which bifurcates into finer filaments at about same level in basal half of gill ( Figs. 214, 218 View PLATE 18 ) ........................................................... S. diversibranchium View in CoL , S. mariavulcanoae View in CoL
- Dorsal primary branch same girth as ventral primary branch. Dorsal primary branch bifurcates basally into two fine secondary branches, each of which bifurcates into finer filaments at different levels in basal half of gill ( Fig. 235 View PLATE 21 ) ................................................................................................................ S. subnigrum View in CoL
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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