Pinus yunnanensis, Kirkendall, Lawrence R., Faccoli, Massimo & Ye, Hui, 2008

Kirkendall, Lawrence R., Faccoli, Massimo & Ye, Hui, 2008, Description of the Yunnan shoot borer, Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall & Faccoli sp. n. (Curculionidae, Scolytinae), an unusually aggressive pine shoot beetle from southern China, with a key to the species of Tomicus, Zootaxa 1819, pp. 25-39 : 28-31

Key to the species of Tomicus Latreille

No key to the six previously published species of Tomicus exists. The bark beetles killing trees in Yunnan, identified in the literature as T. piniperda , are clearly morphologically distinct from that taxon and are described as a new, seventh species below. The following key to all seven species of the genus is based on specimens examined by us. Tomicus puellus and T. pilifer are rare in Western collections and nowhere well illustrated, and although we could study only a few specimens of these two species, they proved readily identifiable. Many characters used in the key vary intraspecifically and the extreme character states may overlap interspecifically; however, combinations of these characters reliably distinguish otherwise similar species.

1. Interstria 2 on declivity with rows of small granules, not impressed (weakly impressed in some T. minor ) ( Fig. 1 )...........................................................................................................................................2

- Interstria 2 devoid of granules, clearly impressed ( Fig. 2 ) .................................................................. 4

2(1). Elytral vestiture consisting of longer, erect interstrial hairs (arising from granules) in uniseriate rows and shorter decumbent hairs (ground vestiture), erect hairs longer on declivity ( Figs. 1 c, d). Elytral declivity with conspicuous interstrial tubercles in regular uniseriate rows. Larger species, length 3.1–5.2 mm. Normal hosts Pinus spp.......................................................................................................3

- Elytral interstrial hairs and ground vestiture equally short, dense, confused, decumbent or nearly so, not longer on declivity ( Figs. 1 a, b). Elytral interstriae strongly crenulate; interstrial tubercles large, transversely confluent, confused. Interstrial punctures confused on declivity, only slightly larger than strial punctures; interstrial tubercles inconspicuous on declivity. Smallest species, length 2.9–3.5 mm (ours 3.0–3.2). Maternal gallery monoramous, longitudinal. Distribution: Siberia, Russian Far East and Sakhalin Island. Normal hosts: Picea jezoensis , P. ajanensis , Abies holophylla , A. nephrolepis but also recorded from Pinus koraiensis .................................................................................... T. puellus (Reitter)

3(2). Interstrial punctures on disc and declivity fine points, difficult to see with normal lighting, not dense ( Fig. 1 c). Declivital ground vestiture absent or sparse and difficult to see, inconspicuous. Pronotal punctures sparse, most separated by much more than their diameter; most specimens with a distinct central impunctate longitudinal median strip ( Fig. 6 a). Antennal club pale to medium brown, at most

little darker than funicle ( Fig. 3 b). Larger, length 3.2–5.2 mm (Yunnan, 4.1–4.6 mm). Maternal gallery biramous, transverse. Distribution: Europe and Asia. Host-trees: all Pinus spp in its range ..................... ......................................................................................................................................... T. minor (Hartig) - Interstrial punctures on disc and declivity conspicuous, uniformly dense ( Fig. 1 d), on declivity only slightly smaller than, or equal to, strial punctures. Declivity densely hairy due to abundant conspicuous decumbent ground vestiture (but hairs can be completely worn away in older specimens). Pronotal punctures dense, separated on average by about their diameter, no impunctate median strip ( Fig. 6 b). Antennal club brown to dark brown, distinctly darker than funicle ( Fig. 3 d). Smaller, length 3.0– 4.3 mm (3.0– 3.8 mm in the specimens examined). Maternal gallery monoramous, longitudinal. Distribution: Siberia and Russian Far East, Heilongjiang Province in China. Hosts: Pinus koraiensis , P. armandii , P. tabulaeformis .................................................................................... T. pilifer (Spessivtsew)

4(1). Fine punctures of interstria 2 on declivity uniseriate; punctures of striae 1 to 3 on declivity more than twice as large as fine interstrial punctures ( Figs. 2 a, b). Granules on interstriae 2 and 3 on disc closely spaced, most by a distance equal to 1.5–2.5 punctures of adjacent striae. Antennal club brown, same color as or darker than funicle ( Figs. 3 a, 4c)...................................................................................5

- Fine punctures of interstria 2 on declivity confused or appearing biseriate, punctures of striae 1 to 3 on declivity less than or equal to twice as large as fine interstrial punctures ( Figs. 2 c, d). Granules on interstriae 2 and 3 on disc closely or distantly spaced. Antenna uniformly colored, club yellow to yellow-brown ( Figs. 4 a, b, d).........................................................................................................................6

5(4). Erect elytral hairs on disc longer, about as long as distance between striae; erect hairs on declivity distinctly longer than those on disc ( Fig. 2 b). Antennal club brown, antenna uniformly colored ( Fig. 4 c). Interstria 2 on declivity strongly impressed and concave, with uniseriate, regularly spaced fine punctures ( Fig. 2 b). More slender, elytra 1.7–1.8x longer than wide; larger, length 3.5–5.2 mm (Jilin: 4.4–5.2 mm). Elytra usually longer than twice width of pronotum. Maternal gallery monoramous, longitudinal. Distribution: Eurasia including Japan but not known from Yunnan. Hosts: continental Pinus spp. and Pinus pinaster , not known from P. yunnanensis ..................................... T. piniperda (Linnaeus)

- Erect elytral hairs on disc shorter, about 0.5x as long as distance between striae; erect hairs on declivity as long as those on disc ( Fig. 2 a). Antennal club brown to dark brown, usually noticeably darker than funicle ( Fig. 3 a). Interstria 2 on declivity weakly impressed, with punctures very fine, uniseriate, sparse, often widely spaced or even absent on much of declivity ( Fig. 2 a). Stouter, elytra 1.6x longer than wide; smaller, length 3.2–4.4 mm (Yunnan: 4.0– 4.4 mm). Elytra shorter than twice width of pronotum. Maternal gallery unknown, but probably monoramous and longitudinal. Distribution: Fukien, Fujian and Yunnan ( China), Assam ( India), Korea, Japan. Hosts: Pinus koraiensis , P. i n s u l a r i s, P. parvifolia , P. yunnanensis ................................................................................... T. brevipilosus (Eggers)

6(4). Mediterranean species. Interstria 2 on declivity weakly impressed, punctures dense, confused ( Fig. 2 c). Granules of interstriae 2 and 3 on disc closely spaced, most by a distance equal to 1.5–2.5 punctures of adjacent striae; granules of interstriae 1 and 3 on declivity widely spaced, the distance between adjacent granules within a row equal to ca. 2/3 the distance between rows of granules on interstriae 1 and 3. Only base of elytra dark. Protibia with five or six teeth, usually evenly spaced in one cluster ( Fig. 5 ). Length 4.1–4.9 mm. Maternal gallery monoramous, longitudinal. Distribution: Mediterranean basin and Atlantic coastal regions of Spain, Portugal and North Africa. Hosts: Mediterranean Pinus species .. .............................................................................................................................. T. destruens (Wollaston)

- Asian species. Interstria 2 on declivity strongly impressed but broadly convex to flat, punctures more evenly spaced, appearing biseriate or irregularly uniseriate (appearing to zig-zag down declivity) ( Figs.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Eytral declivity of Tomicus species: (a, b) T. puellus (Reitter), (c) T. minor (Hartig), (d) T. pilifer (Spessivtsew).

FIGURE 2. Eytral declivity of Tomicus species: (a) brevipilosus (Eggers), (b) T. piniperda (Linnaeus), (c) T. destruens (Wollaston), (d) T. yunnanensis sp. n. (holotype).

FIGURE 3. Antenna of Tomicus species: (a) T. brevipilosus (Eggers), (b) T. minor (Hartig), (c) T. puellus (Reitter), (d) T. pilifer (Spessivtsew).

FIGURE 4. Antenna of Tomicus species: (a, b) T. yunnanensis, (c) T. piniperda (Linnaeus), (d) T. destruens (Wollaston).

FIGURE 5. Protibiae of Tomicus species: T. destruens (Wollaston) (left), T. yunnanensis sp. n. (right).

FIGURE 6. Pronotum of Tomicus species: (a) T. minor (Hartig), (b) T. pilifer (Spessivtsew) (note difference in density of punctures).