Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833

Wesener, Thomas, 2016, Redescription and phylogenetic analysis of the type species of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae), Zootaxa 4184 (1), pp. 141-157 : 146-150

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.9

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F0F46020-96AB-4C67-BC0E-1E932BAC449A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475145

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F93E87D5-D246-FFF0-159E-322076DB9799

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scientific name

Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833
status

 

Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833

Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833: 199 .

Tonkinobelum Verhoeff, 1924: 58 View in CoL (synonymized by Jeekel 1974: 46) Pantitherium Attems, 1932: 7 (synonymized by Jeekel 1974: 46) Lissosphaera Attems, 1943: 62 (synonymized by Jeekel 1974: 46)

Sphaeropoeus — Brandt 1833: 199 (first description).— Brandt 1841: 364 (description).— Gervais 1847: 83 (list).— C.L. Koch 1847: 38 (description).— Pocock 1894: 326 (new species).— Pocock 1895: 412 (new species).— Silvestri 1896: 205.— Flower 1901: 7 (new species).— Attems 1914: 142 (list).— Verhoeff 1924: 59 (list).— Attems 1926: 120 (list).— Attems 1928: 203 (list).— Attems 1935: 130 (list).— Attems 1936: 152 (list).— Attems 1943: 61 (list).— Attems 1953: 155 (list).— Jeekel 1971: 28 (list).— Jeekel 1974: 46 (classification).— Hoffman 1976: 119 (list).—Hoffman 1980: 63 (list).— Hugot et al. 1991: 65 (parasites).— Jeekel 2001: 22 (list).— Mauriès 2001: 140 View Cited Treatment (list).—Wesener & VandenSpiegel 2009: 551 (morphological phylogenetic analysis).— Wesener 2015: 375 (list).

Synonyms:

Tonkinobelum View in CoL — Verhoeff 1924: 58 (first description).— Attems 1926: 120 (list).— Attems 1928: 203 (list).— Verhoeff 1928: 1384 (description).— Attems 1935: 128 (list).— Attems 1936: 152 (list).— Attems 1943: 62 (list); Jeekel 1971: 29 (list).— Jeekel 1974: 46 (synonymization).— Hoffman 1976: 119 (list).—Hoffman 1980: 63 (list). Type species: Tonkinobelum maculatum Verhoeff, 1924 .

Pantitherium View in CoL — Attems 1932: 7 (first description).— Attems 1935: 131 (list).— Attems 1943: 63 (list).— Attems 1953: 155 (list).—Jeekel 1971: 27 (list).— Jeekel 1974: 46 (synonymization).

Type species: Pantitherium lugubre Attems, 1932 .

Lissosphaera View in CoL — Attems 1943: 62 (first description).—Jeekel 1971: 26 (list).— Jeekel 1974: 46 (synonymization). Type species: Lissosphaera speciosa Attems, 1943 .

Distribution. Mainly Sumatra (13 of 20 species), few species also in Borneo (2), Java (1), Nias (1), Singapore (1), Peninsular Malaysia (2), and a dubious record (see Jeekel 2001, Enghoff et al. 2004) from Vietnam.

……continued on the next page Description. 20–50 mm long. Apical male antennomere axe-shaped, with>70, up to 180 apical cones (record number in the order, and of all Diplopoda). Anal shield locking carinae of variable number, length, and position. Tarsi of legs 3–21 with a single apical spine, rarely two. Coxae in the analyzed species with a wide coxal process. Posterior telopods with four telopoditomeres; immovable finger (telopoditomere 2) slender, with two membranous processes, usually shorter than movable finger. Telopoditomere 3 with small sclerotized teeth and a white ledge. Telopoditomere 4 in some species with spines, always with a membranous ledge, always lacking teeth. Anterior telopod with four podomeres distal to syncoxite. General shape in the few analyzed species of the genus variable. A specially shaped lateral process of telopoditomere 2 and a process of telopoditomere 3 form a clamp ( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A–C). Genus difficult to distinguish from Tigridosphaera Jeekel, 2000 and Prionobelum Verhoeff, 1924 .

Type-species: Sphaeropoeus hercules Brandt, 1833 by monotypy.

Other species included (19):

Sphaeropoeus extinctus Silvestri, 1895 ( Malaysia, Indonesia: Nias) Sphaeropoeus gisleni (Verhoeff, 1939) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus lugubris ( Attems, 1932) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus maculatus Verhoeff, 1924 ( Vietnam? Mislabeled according to Jeekel 2001) Sphaeropoeus magnus Chamberlin, 1921 (Borneo: Sarawak) Sphaeropoeus malaccanus Verhoeff, 1910 -1914 ( Singapore) Sphaeropoeus modiglianii Silvestri, 1895 (Sumatra, Malay Peninsula ) Sphaeropoeus pellitus ( Attems, 1943) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus politus ( Attems, 1935) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus punctulatissimus Silvestri, 1897 (Sumatra) Sphaeropoeus speciosus ( Attems, 1943) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus stollii Pocock, 1895 (Java)

Sphaeropoeus sumatrensis ( Chamberlin, 1945) (Sumatra) Sphaeropoeus tatusiaeformis Daday, 1889 (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus tigratus Silvestri, 1897 (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus tuberculosus Karsch, 1881 (Borneo)

Sphaeropoeus unciger ( Attems, 1943) (Sumatra)

Sphaeropoeus variegatus Pocock, 1895 (unknown)

Sphaeropoeus velutinus Carl, 1906 (Sumatra)

Attems, C. (1914) Die Indo - australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (4), 1 - 398.

Attems, C. (1926) Myriopoda. Kukenthal - Krumbach, Handbuch der Zoologie, 4, 1 - 402.

Attems, C. (1928) The Myriopoda of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 26, 1 - 431, pl. 1 - 26.

Attems, C. (1932) Myriopoden. In: Van Straelen (Ed.), Resultats scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Neerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Leopold de Belgique. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (H. S) 3 (12), 1 - 324, pl. 1 - 6.

Attems, C. (1935) Myriopoden von Sumatra. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 14, 114 - 142.

Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323.

Attems, C. (1943) Neue Sphaerotheriden des Wiener Museums. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 53 (2), 60 - 73.

Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina, Expedition von Dr. C. Dawydoff (1938 - 1939) Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle (n. s., A), 5, 133 - 230.

Brandt, J. F. (1833) Tentaminum quorandum monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognatha Latreillti spectantium. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 6, 194 - 209.

Brandt, J. F. (1841) Remarques critiques sur les especes qui composant les genres Sphaerotherium et Sphaeropoeus, suivis d'une description de six especes nouvelles des Sphaerotheries. Bulletin Scientifique publie par l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint - Petersbourg, 8, 357 - 365.

Carl, J. (1906) Diplopoden aus dem Malayischen Archipel. Zoologisches Jahrbuch Systematik, 24, 227 - 246, pl. 17.

Chamberlin, R. V. (1945) On some diplopods from the Indo - Australian Archipelago. American Museum Novitates, 1282, 1 - 43.

Daday, J. (1889) Myriopoda extranea Musaei Nationalis Hungarici. Termeszetrajazi Fuzetek, 12, 115 - 156, pl. 4 - 5.

Enghoff, H., Golovatch, SI. & Nguyen, AD. (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2), 29 - 43.

Flower, S. (1901) Notes on the Millipedes, Centipedes, Scorpions, etc., of the Malay Peninsula and Siam. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1901, 1 - 48.

Gervais, P. (1847) Myriapodes. In: Walckenaer & Gervais (Eds.), Histoire naturelle Insectes Apteres, 4, 1 - 333, Atlas, 18 - 22, pl. 37, 39 - 45.

Hoffman, R. L. (1976) The systematic status of the diplopod genus Rajasphaera Attems, 1935 (Sphaerotheriida). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 5, 117 - 126.

Hugot, J. P., Morand, S. & van Waerebeke, D. (1991) On genus Desmicola (Nematoda, Thelastomatidae) with description of two new species. Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 51, 65 - 74.

Jeekel, C. A. W. (1974) The group taxonomy and geography of the Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 32, 41 - 52.

Jeekel, C. A. W. (2001) A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, 3, 5 - 38.

Karsch, F. (1881) Zur Formenlehre der pentazonen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 47 (1), 19 - 35.

Koch, C. L. (1847) System der Myriapoden (Pustet, Regensburg).

Mauries J-P. (2001) Sur l'identite de Zephronia hainani Gressit, 1941, a propos de la description d'un nouveau Prionobelum (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Sphaeropoeidae) de Hainan, Chine. Zoosystema, 23 (1), 131 - 142.

Pocock, R. I. (1894) Chilopoda, Symphyla and Diplopoda from the Malay Archipelago. in Weber, Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost - Indien, 3, 307 - 404, pl. 19 - 22.

Pocock, RI. (1895) Descriptions of new genera of Zephroniidae, with brief diagnoses of some new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 16, 409 - 415.

Silvestri, F. (1895) Chilopodi e Diplopodi di Sumatra e delle Isole Nias, Engano e Mentavei. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 34, 707 - 760.

Silvestri, F. (1896) Diplopodi di Borneo. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 36, 20 - 28.

Verhoeff, K. W. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 1913. Myriapoda, Diplopoda. Arkiv for zoologi, 16 (5), 1 - 142, pl. 1 - 5.

Verhoeff, K. W. (1928 - 1932) Klasse Diplopoda. In: Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des TierReichs, 5 (2), 1 - 1071, pl. 1 - 11, 1073 - 2084.

Wesener, T. (2015) The Giant Pill - Millipedes of Nepal (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae) Zootaxa, 3964 (3), 301 - 320. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3964.3.1

Gallery Image

FIGURE 1. Sphaeropoeus hercules holotype, ZMB 54. A: Endotergum; B: left midbody leg, posterior view; C: remaining syncoxite and podomere 1 of the anterior telopods, anterior view; D: left posterior telopod, anterior view; E: left posterior telopod, posterior view; F: posterior telopod, detail of crenulated teeth on podomere 3. Scale bars = 1 mm. Abbreviations: numbers refer to podomere number above syncoxite; Cx = coxa; Fe = femur; IH = inner horn; PFe = postfemur; Pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; Ta = tarsus; Tib = tibia.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Diplopoda

Order

Sphaerotheriida

Family

Zephronidae