Thyrocopa Meyrick

Medeiros, Matthew J., 2009, A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae), Zootaxa 2202, pp. 1-47 : 6

Thyrocopa Meyrick

Thyrocopa Meyrick, 1883a: 32 . Type species: Thyrocopa abusa Walsingham. (= Thyrocopa usitata of Meyrick, 1883a: 33, not Depressaria usitata Butler, 1881:396 ). Walsingham, 1907b: 492. Clarke, 1969b: 480. Zimmerman, 1978: 932.

Synomotis Meyrick, 1883a: 33. Type species: Synomotis epicapna Meyrick. Synonymy by Walsingham, 1907b: 492.

Hodegia Walsingham, 1907b: 488 . Type species: Hodegia apatela Walsingham. Synonymy by Zimmerman (1978: 932).

Ptychothrix Walsingham, 1907b: 489 . Type species: Ptychothrix vegans Walsingham. Synonymy by Zimmerman (1978: 932).

Psychra Walsingham, 1907b: 489. Type species: Psychra phycidiformis Walsingham. Synonymy by Zimmerman (1978: 932).

Catamempsis Walsingham, 1907b: 491. Type species: Catamempsis decipiens Walsingham. Synonymy by Zimmerman (1978: 932).

Description: Head: Vestiture mostly smooth, except erect scales near vertex and dorsal to compound eyes; scales moderately broad, often paler near apex of each scale. Ocelli absent. Haustellum present with basal scaling. Antennal scape without pectin. Labial palpus smooth, long, recurved ( Fig. 56 ). Thorax: Vestiture smooth. Forewing ( Fig. 55 ) with R4 and R5 stalked; CuP present; fringe minimal. Hindwing ( Fig. 55 ) with CuP present; males with thick brush of hairlike scales at base of wing extended under narrow costal fold, nearly entire length of costa. Abdomen: Posterior margin of segments 2-7 with dorsal band of transverse orange spines ( Fig. 62 ); number of spines per segment dependent on size of segment, mostly between 80 and 190 spines. Male genitalia with uncus triangular ( Fig. 63 ), slightly downcurved, with cluster of setae laterally. Gnathos V-shaped, upcurved, slightly flared distally with acute tip. Phallus cylindrical, with slightly hollowed-out tip ( Fig. 57 ). Female genitalia with anterior apophysis ca. 0.3x length of posterior apophysis. Segment VIII slightly tapered, ca. 2x length of preceding segments, with similar spination. Sterigma reduced to spurlike lateral projections. Ductus seminalis arising near base of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae ca. as long as anterior apophysis, gradually enlarged to corpus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, ca. as long as anterior apophysis; one signum, bearing tiny blunt spines ( Figs. 99, 100 ).

Immature stages (summarized from Zimmerman 1978): Larva: Head with adfrontals ending distant from vertical triangle; seta O1 inside row of more numerous ocelli; frons very short, not reaching middle of front of head and not reaching level of P1 setae; mandibles with nearly straight internal cutting edge which is not conspicuously dentate; three prepiracular L group setae on prothorax arranged in subhorizontal line; crochets of ventral prolegs arranged in complete circles or ellipses; spiracles of abdominal segments 1 to 7 conspicuously larger than SD1 setal sockets, about three times their size and with very thick rims; anal fork absent. Pupa: Cauda armed with one or more slender-tipped, spinelike processes and derm of dorsum often extensively sculptured ( Zimmerman 1978: 933, fig. 649).

Figures

FIGURES 46 – 59. Adults of Thyrocopa. 46. T. subahenea, Molokai, forewing = 11 mm; 47. T. usitata, Oahu, forewing = 10 mm; 48. T. vagans, Kauai, forewing = 8 mm; 49. T. viduella (holotype), Kauai, forewing = 17 mm; 50. T. sp. A, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 51. T. sp. B, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 52. T. sp. C, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 53. T. sp. D, Molokai, forewing = 10 mm; 54. T. sp. E, Molokai, forewing = 14 mm; 55. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, male, wings (slide 05 A 45 wings, BPBM); 56. T. kea, Kauai, female, head; 57. T. kea, Kauai, male, aedeagus (slide LA 59 UHIM); 58. T. abusa, Maui, detail showing antennal flagellomere with cilia only on ventral side; 59. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, detail showing antennal flagellomere with cilia surrounding.

FIGURES 60 – 74. Antenna and male genitalia of Thyrocopa; lower left box with detail of uncus, lower right box with detail of sacculus. 60. T. decipiens, Molokai, male, antenna; 61. T. vagans, Kauai, male, antenna; 62. T. kea, Kauai, male, abdomen showing transverse bands of spines (slide LA 59 UHIM); 63. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, male, detail showing very shallowly cleft uncus (slide 07 B 25 BPBM); 64. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, male, detail showing sacculus with scooped-out appearance (slide 07 B 25 BPBM); 65. T. abusa, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 31580 BMNH); 66. T. albonubila, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 85 BPBM); 67. T. alterna, Hawaii Island, male genitalia (slide Jon # 2 BPBM); 68. T. apatela (intermediate winged specimen), Maui, male genitalia (slide 05 A 97 HALE); 69. T. apatela (brachypterous morph), Maui, male genitalia (slide 19860 BMNH); 70. T. apatela (macropterous morph), Maui, male genitalia (slide 21906 BMNH); 71. T. apikia, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA 26 UHIM); 72. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 05 A 75 BPBM); 73. T. cinerella, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 08 A 24 BPBM); 74. T. decipiens, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA 25 UHIM).

FIGURES 90 – 104. Male and female genitalia of Thyrocopa; for figures of male genitalia, lower left box shows detail of uncus, lower right box shows detail of sacculus. 90. T. subahenea, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 51 BPBM); 91. T. usitata, Oahu, male genitalia (slide 31570 BMNH); 92. T. vagans, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA 51 UHIM); 93. T. sp. A, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 31577 BMNH); 94. T. sp. B, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 31578 BMNH); 95. T. sp. C, Kauai, male genitalia (slide MJM 44 BPBM); 96. T. sp. D, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 37 BPBM); 97. T. sp. E, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 50 BPBM); 98. T. peleana, Oahu, female genitalia (slide Z- 70 - 12 BPBM); 99. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, female, detail showing bursa with long signum (slide 06 A 62 BPBM); 100. T. abusa, Maui, female, detail showing bursa with short signum (slide 06 A 25 BPBM); 101. T. abusa, Maui, female genitalia, detail showing segments VIII – X (slide 06 A 25); 102. T. gigas, Molokai, female genitalia (slide 07 A 36 BPBM); 103. T. megas, Maui, female genitalia (slide 06 B 25 BPBM); 104. T. seminatella, Kauai, female genitalia (slide 31585 BMNH).