Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905

Carpenter, K., 1992, Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America, Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology, Beijing: China Ocean Press, pp. 250-268 : 254

Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905

Figs. 2A , 3, 5A

= Dynamosaurus imperosus Osborn 1905

Holotype: CM 9380 (formerly AMNH 973 ) partial skull and skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana, U.S.A .

Diagnosis: Angular terminates posterior to the surangular fenestra. Surangular fenestra much larger than in Tyrannosaurus bataar . Maxilla terminates below the lacrymal.

Stratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Distribution: Scollard and Willow Creek formations of Alberta; Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan; Hell Creek Formation of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Lance Formation of Wyoming; and Laramie Formation of Colorado.

Figures

Figure 3. Medial view of the quadrate of Tyrannosaurus rex (cast at the ANSP) with B, drawings made by Erwin Christman and identified by Welles and Long (1974) as the astragulus. 1 - pterygoid process of the quadrate. 2 - quadrate foramen. 3 - occipital condyle. 4 - paroccipital process. 5 - basisphenoid. 6 - prearticular. 7 - articular. 8 - quadratojugal. 9 - articulating surface for the squamosal. Scale below the articular in A = 2 cm.

Figure 2. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skulls: A-Tyrannosaurus rex AMNH 5027 (modified from Osborn, 1912); B-Tyrannosaurus bataar holotype PIN 551-1, with missing areas restored after PIN 551-3 and GI SPS 100/59 (from photographs,Maleev, 1974 and Barsbold,1983);C-Maleevosaurus novojilovi holotype PIN 552-2 (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus AMNH 5222, with lower jaws based on NMC 5600 and NMC 5601 (modified from photographs and Lambe, 1904);E-Albertosaurus libratus(modified from Russell, 1970); F-? Albertosaurus lancensis holotype CMNH 7541, composite of the left and right side (modified from photographs);G-Daspletosaurus torosus(modified from Russell, 1970 and photographs of NMC 8506). All drawn to scale;scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex = 10 cm .

Figure 5. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skeletons: A-Tyrannosaurus rex(based on drawings and photographs of AMNH 5027 and CM 9380);B-Tyrannosaurus bataar (based on photographs of PIN 552-1,a young adult);C- Maleevosaurus novojilovi (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus (skeleton based on photographs and drawings of ROM 807,with the skull based on photographs and drawings of AMNH 5222,NMC 5600 and NMC 5601); E- Albertosaurus libratus (skeleton modified from Lambe, 1914,and skull modified from Russell, 1970);F-Daspletosaurus torosus (modified from Russell, 1970). All drawn to scale;height of scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex tail = 1 m .