Xylopia villosa Chipp, Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1923: 183. 1923.

Johnson, David M. & Murray, Nancy A., 2018, A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa, PhytoKeys 97, pp. 1-252 : 175-182

45. Xylopia villosa Chipp, Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1923: 183. 1923. Fig. 48A-G

Xylopiastrum villosum (Chipp) Aubréville, Flor. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 1: 140. 1959. Type. NIGERIA. Lagos State, Ibadan Forest Reserve, Lagos, 17 Nov 1900, C. Punch 119 (lectotype, here designated: K! [000199069]).

Description.

Tree up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to ca. 90 cm, bole cylindrical, fluted at the base, forming narrow concave buttresses ca. 1 m high and extending up to 50 cm from the trunk, branches horizontal from trunk, forming a pyramidal crown [ex Bernardi 8679]; bark pale gray to brownish orange, rough or longitudinally wrinkled. Twigs initially brown, densely villous, with erect orangish or reddish brown hairs 0.5-1.3 mm long, eventually gray-brown to black, sparsely pubescent to glabrate; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches. Leaf with larger blades 8.6-12.6 cm long, 2.6-4.1 cm wide, subcoriaceous, discolorous, lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, the acumen 4-13 mm long, base broadly cuneate to rounded, glabrous or with a few hairs along the midrib adaxially, golden-sericeous, sometimes only sparsely so, abaxially; midrib impressed adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 10-15 per side, diverging at 45-55° from the midrib, these and higher order veins indistinct or slightly raised on both surfaces; petiole 2-4 mm long, canaliculate, villous. Inflorescences axillary, 1-8-flowered, but branch apices sometimes with terminal bud aborting and the distalmost nodes lacking leaves so that a congested pseudo-terminal inflorescence is formed, densely pubescent; peduncles 1 or 2 per axil, sometimes developing into an extended rachis 8.5-17 mm long with flower pedicels branching from it, and with bracts ca. 7.4 mm long; pedicels 2-7 per peduncle or rachis, 2.4-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm thick; bracts 2-4, spaced evenly along the pedicel, imbricate, more or less persistent, 3.0-3.7 mm long, ovate to nearly circular but sometimes split in the middle, apex rounded or emarginate; buds lanceolate, slightly angled in cross-section, apex acute to obtuse. Sepals somewhat spreading at anthesis, 1/4-1/2-connate, 4.3-5.5 mm long, 3.3-4.1 mm wide, coriaceous or a little fleshy, ovate, apex acute, warty, warts visible where hairs abraded, densely appressed-pubescent abaxially. Petals light yellow in vivo; outer petals slightly spreading at anthesis, (22-) 27-34 mm long, 3.5-3.9 mm wide at base, 1.7-2.3 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, apex acute to obtuse, densely pubescent on both surfaces except for glabrous base adaxially; inner petals probably more or less erect at anthesis, connivent at broadest point of the base but slightly spreading toward apices, 17.4-23 mm long, 2.5-3.6 mm wide at base, 1.2-1.7 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear, apex acute, base with undifferentiated margin, with slight transverse thickening adaxially at widest point, densely pubescent except medial portion below the midpoint, but with a transverse strip of hairs across widest point of base adaxially, densely pubescent except at base abaxially. Stamens 60-80; fertile stamens 1.1-1.8 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex of connective 0.2-0.3 mm long, dome-shaped to shieldlike, overhanging the anther thecae, papillate, anthers 9-12-locellate, filament 0.4-0.5 mm long; outer staminodes 1.7-2.0 mm long, clavate, apex rounded; inner staminodes 0.8-1.1 mm long, oblong, apex truncate; staminal cone 1.6-2.0 mm in diameter, ca. 0.8 mm high, partially concealing the ovaries, rim laciniate. Carpels 10-12; ovaries 1-1.3 mm long, oblong, densely white-pubescent, stigmas connivent with tips free, 2.5-4 mm long, linear, densely pubescent at apices and sparsely pubescent along sides. Torus flat, 2.5-2.7 mm in diameter. Fruit of up to 10 sparsely pubescent monocarps borne on a pedicel 6-42 mm long, 7-11 mm thick, glabrate; torus 14-33 mm in diameter, 8-27 mm high, depressed-globose. Monocarps with a green exterior in vivo, endocarp color unknown, ca. 4.6 cm long, 2.3 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick, oblong, apex rounded, base sessile or contracted into a stipe ca. 3 mm long, 9 mm thick, slightly wrinkled and verrucose; pericarp 3-4 mm thick. Seeds unknown, apart from illustration of Aubréville (1959, Plate 37, Fig. 10 ), where the seed illustrated is semicircular in lateral view, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, and lacking an aril.

Phenology.

Collections with flowers have been gathered from October to December, and in February and March ( Aubréville (1959) gives the flowering period in Ivory Coast as November to April). The collections with fruits are from March, April, and December, but Aubréville (1959) gives June as the time of fruiting.

Distribution

(Fig. 43 ). Occurs near the coast from Ivory Coast to southern Cameroon, growing in evergreen forest, semi-deciduous forest of Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae, and old secondary forest with Lophira alata , Coula edulis , and Sacoglottis gabonensis , at ca. 100 m.

Local names.

Aghako (Benin, Kennedy 417), elo ( Aubréville 198, 1159), oda’ (Thomas 1951), ohun (Benin, Kennedy 2574), orogbo-erin (Foster 354), oyakwi ( Yaoundé, Letouzey 9524), unien (Benin, Kennedy 415), and palufon (Dudu, Punch 119). Burkill (1985) lists additional names, but given the confusion regarding the identification of this species, those names and uses are not recounted here.

Additional specimens examined.

IVORY COAST. Abidjan, Aubréville 198 (A, P); Danipleu, 31 Mar 1932 (fl), Aubréville 1159 (P); in vicinioribus Yapo-Nord , ad orientem oppidi, 15-16 Mar 1962 (fl), Bernardi 8679 (A, F, K, M, MO, P, US, WAG-4 sheets); Ano , entre Eterokrou [7°15'N, 3°46'W] et Tchoumkrou, 8 Dec 1909 (fl), Chevalier 22516 (B, K, OWU, P-5 sheets); Abidjan, Banco Forest Reserve , near Esso station , c. 5°23'N, 4°03'W, 28 Apr 1976 (fr), de Koning 6823 (MO) . GHANA. Dunkwa [5°58'N, 1°47'W], s. d. (st), Vigne 81 (K); "Gold Coast" [without specific locality], s. d., Vigne 2561 (BM) . NIGERIA. S. Nigeria, Sapoba, 1929 (fl), Kennedy 415 (K); S. Nigeria, Sapoba , 1929-30 (fl), Kennedy 417 (K); S. Nigeria, Kennedy 1983 (K); Sapoba , Feb 1935 (fl), Kennedy 2574 (A, BM, F, MO, US); Calabar Province , Calabar District , Dukwe felling area, Calabar River Division , 9 Mar 1959 (fr), Latilo FHI 40346 (K); Sapoba, 29 Nov 1934 (fl), Ross 236 (K); Degema District , southern Nigeria , 1916 (fl), Talbot & Talbot 3775 (BM, K); S. Nigeria, Ala, 350', 2 Nov 1912 (buds), Thomas 1951 (K) . CAMEROON. 2 km E of km 58 of road Edéa-Kribi, ca. 100 m, 5 Oct 1965 (fl), Leeuwenberg 6815 (BR, K, MO, P, WAG-2 sheets); près Nkomeyo , 10 km E d’Esse, 7 Nov 1969 (fl), Letouzey 9524 (P) .

Xylopia villosa has subcoriaceous leaves with shining abaxial hairs, a branching inflorescence, and large monocarps. The limits of its distribution have been unclear because of confusion with X. letestui . The two species share densely hairy young twigs and short-stipitate or sessile monocarps, but X. villosa differs in the broadly cuneate to rounded rather, than truncate, leaf bases, slightly longer petioles, and longer outer petals. Xylopia villosa also lacks tufts of hairs on the bases of the inner petals found in X. letestui . The monocarps are oblong rather than globose. Sterile specimens resembling X. villosa , for example Small 633 (K, MO) from the Gola Forest of Sierra Leone, suggest that the species may be more widespread in West Africa than indicated here.

Given past confusion, it is necessary to re-evaluate literature on the two species. For example, Holmgren et al. (2004) report the formation of aerial roots on the base of the trunk in X. villosa , Yapi et al. (2012) list chemical constituents distilled from the bark, and Koné et al. (2008) report four species of monkeys in Ivory Coast as swallowing the seeds, but no voucher specimens have been cited to document these observations.

In Forest flora of southern Nigeria, the voucher specimen cited by Kennedy (1936) as Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. is a Xylopia species, probably X. villosa , described as having white axillary flowers and monocarps "splitting irregularly into three valves which reflex to expose about ten bean shaped seeds packed transversely" against a red endocarp. Dehiscent fruits do not occur in Hexalobus , and the specimen was not cited in a 2011 revision of Hexalobus ( Botermans et al. 2011). A photograph of the spirit collection of the specimen at FHO is plausible for X. villosa .

The name Xylopia macrocarpa A. Chevalier ( Chevalier 1920) is associated with the specimen Chevalier 22516 cited above, but the name was published without a validating description. Roberty (1953), in proposing the generic name Xylopiastrum and making the combination Xylopiastrum macrocarpum (Vahl) Roberty, mentioned the name Xylopia macrocarpa Oliv., which we have been unable to trace; it is possible that this was a copying error for Xylopia macrocarpa Chev. Roberty’s combination was explicitly based, however, on Unona macrocarpa Vahl ex Dunal, which is today identified as Uvaria chamae ( Junghans 1961); the name Xylopiastrum Roberty should therefore properly be considered a generic synonym of Uvaria , not of Xylopia . As Chevalier (1920) cited no basionym, the name Xylopia macrocarpa is treated as a nomen nudum and not a new combination.

The specimen Punch 119 agrees well with the protologue and it is designated as the lectotype of the name Xylopia villosa ; the paratype Foster 354 (K) could not be located at K.

Excluded names based on types from continental Africa and published in Coelocline , Habzelia , Unona , Xylopia , and Xylopiastrum

Coelocline ? Xylopia polycarpa (Dunal) A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 209. 1832.

Type: Based on Unona polycarpa Dunal.

= Annickia polycarpa (Dunal) Maas & Setten

Habzelia A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208. 1832.

Type: Habzelia aethiopica (Dunal) A. de Candolle.

This name is illegitimate and to be rejected under ICN (2012) Article 52.1 because it included at the time of its publication Unona discreta , the type of the genus Unona , among its four species. The binomials published by Candolle in the genus are likewise not legitimate names. However, the name was taken up by Hooker and Thomson (1855) who placed two species into the genus when it was adopted; the name may therefore be accepted as valid from the date of publication for Flora Indica, and one of the two named species chosen as lectotype.

Habzelia aethiopica (Dunal) A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208. 1832.

Type: Based on Unona aethiopica Dunal, but an illegitimate name under ICN Article 52.1.

= Xylopia aethiopica (Dun.) A. Rich.

Habzelia undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208. 1832.

Type: Based on Xylopia undulata Palisot de Beauvois.

= Monodora undulata (Pal. Beauv.) Couvreur

Unona albida Engler ex Engler & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 297. 1899.

Type: CAMEROON. South Region, Bipindi, 6 Mar 1898 (fl), G. A. Zenker 1715 (holotype: B! [100153057]; isotypes: B! [100153058] MO! PRC! WU!).

= Sphaerocoryne gracilipes (Benth.) X. Guo & R. M. K. Saunders ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona buchananii Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179. 1895.

Type: MALAWI: Without definite locality, 1891 (fr), J. Buchanan 1152 (lectotype, here designated: B! [100153048]). The two Stuhlmann syntypes, 6238 and 6703, from Usaramo, Kisserewe, apparently do not survive.

= Monanthotaxis buchananii (Engler) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a).

Unona caffra E. Meyer in Pl. Drege. A nomen nudum, referred to by Sonder (1860) in publication of the name Guatteria caffra E. Meyer ex Sonder, Fl. Cap. 1: 9. 1860.

= Monanthotaxis caffra (Sond.) Verdc.

Unona confinis Pierre, nomen nudum. Cited by Maas et al. (2003) as only a herbarium name.

= Duguetia confinis (Engl. & Diels) Chatrou

Unona congensis Engler & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296. 1899.

Type: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO [ “Kongo-Gebiet”]. Équateur Province, Bangala, M. D. J. Laurent s. n. (holotype: BR).

= Monanthotaxis laurentii (De Wild.) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Unona dielsiana Engler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 476-477. 1907.

Type: CAMEROON. South Region, bei Bipinde im Urwald, Dec 1901 (fl), G. A. Zenker 2473 (holotype: B!; isotypes: B! WAG!).

= Monanthotaxis dielsiana (Engl.) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona elegans Engler ex Engler & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296. 1899, non Thwaites, 1864.

Type: CAMEROON. South Region, Bipinde, G. A. Zenker 1321 (holotype: B!).

= Monanthotaxis elegans Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a) [Note: as a later homonym, Unona elegans Engl. & Diels is not valid as a basionym.]

Unona eminii Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179. 1895.

Types: “Bu.” [= Bukoba?], F. L. Stuhlmann 1556, F. L. Stuhlmann 4022 (B, not found).

= Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Unona ferruginea Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 35-36. 1868.

Type: ANGOLA ["Lower Guinea"]. Cuanza Norte Province, Golungo Alto and Cazengo [Dist. Golungo, 1000-2400'], F. Welwitsch 761 (isotype: B [100153029])

= Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc., ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Unona ferruginea var. brevifolia Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179. 1895.

Type: TANZANIA. Usaramo, s. coll.

= Monanthotaxis trichocarpa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971b, p. 103)

Unona glauca Engler & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296-297. 1899.

Type: GABON [ “Gabun”]. Munda, Sibange, 6 Feb 1881 or 1882 (fr), H. Soyaux 203 (lectotype, designated by Hoekstra in Guo et al. 2017: B; isolectotype: K).

= Monanthotaxis montana (Engl. & Diels) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona hirsuta Bentham, Trans. Linn. Soc. 23: 469. 1862.

Type: EQUATORIAL GUINEA. Bioco, Fernando Poo, 1860, G. Mann 559 (holotype: P [00363313]; isotypes: K [000198950], P [00363314]).

= Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona? lepidota Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 36. Oct 1868.

Type: As for Unona oliveriana Baillon below.

Unona lucidula Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 35. 1868.

Type: ANGOLA ["Lower Guinea"]. Malanje Province, Pungo Andungo, F. Welwitsch 762 (lectotype, designated by Paiva 1966, p. 44: LISU).

= Monanthotaxis lucidula (Oliv.) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Unona macrocarpa Vahl ex Candolle ex Dunal, Monogr. Anonac. 103-104. Aug-Nov 1817.

Types: GHANA. "Hab. in Guineâ,” P. Thonning s. n., P. E. Isert s. n. (DC. v. s. herb. Juss.)

= Uvaria chamae Pal. Beauv.

Unona millenii Engler & Diels, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 40. 1901.

Type: NIGERIA [ “Oberguinea”]. Lagos State, Lagos, Mar 1896 (fl), H. Millen 149 (holotype: K).

= Monanthotaxis gracilis (Hook. f.) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona montana Engler & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296. 1899.

Type: CAMEROON. Centre Region, Yaoundé [ “Yaunde”], 1894, G. A. Zenker & A. Staudt 431 (holotype: B).

= Monanthotaxis montana (Engl. & Diels) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona obanensis E.G. Baker, Cat. Talbot’s Nigerian Pl. 4. 1913.

Type: NIGERIA. Cross River State, Oban, 1911, P. A. Talbot 1246 (holotype: BM).

= Monanthotaxis enghiana (E.G. Baker) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona obovata Bentham, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 469. 1862.

Type: MOZAMBIQUE ["Mozamb. Distr."]. Zambezia Province, foot of Moramballa, Zambesia, 31 Dec 1858 (fl), J. Kirk s. n. (holotype: K; isotype: B).

= Monanthotaxis obovata (Benth.) Hoekstra ( Guo et al. 2017)

Unona oliveriana Baillon, Adansonia 8: 307. May-June 1868.

Type: EQUATORIAL GUINEA. Muni River, Aug 1862, G. Mann 1774 (lectotype, here designated: K! [000795931]; isotypes: K! [000795932], P! [00362615]).

This name appears to be based on the same type as Unona lepidota above, for the plant currently known as Meiocarpidium lepidotum (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, but the name of Baillon (1868) was published several months earlier and has priority. The correct name should be Meiocarpidium oliverianum (Baillon) D. M. Johnson & N. A. Murray, comb. nov.

Unona ovata Vahl ex Candolle ex Dunal, Monogr. Anonac. 104. Aug-Nov 1817.

Type: GHANA. "Hab. in Guineâ,”] P. Thonning s. n. (DC. v. s. h. Juss.).

= Uvaria ovata (Dun.) A. DC. subsp. Xylopia ovata ( Keay 1954-1958)

Unona ovata var. ß afzeliana Candolle, Prodr. 1: 89. 1824.

Type: "Priori fere similes, sed folia adulta omnino (excepto nervo longitudinali) Xylopia glabra fusco- Xylopia ferruginea . (v. s. in h. Lamb.)"

= Uvaria ovata (Dun.) A. DC. subsp. afzeliana (DC.) Keay ( Keay 1954-1958)

Unona parvifolia Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 36, 1868.

Type: ANGOLA ["Lower Guinea"]. Cuanza Norte Province, Golungo Alto, F. Welwitsch s. n. (holotype: LISU [P. Hoekstra, personal communication]).

= Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Unona parvifolia var. petersii Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179. 1895.

Type: MOZAMBIQUE. Sena, W. C. H. Peters s. n. (holotype: B).

= Cleistochlamys kirkii (Benth.) Oliv. (Sprague & Hutchinson 1916, Verdcourt 1971b)

Unona ? Xylopia polycarpa Candolle ex Dunal, Monogr. Anonac. 117-118. Aug-Nov 1817.

Type: "Hab. in Sierra Leonâ,” A. Afzelius s. n. (DC. v. s. sinè fl. in herb. Lamb.)

= Annickia polycarpa (Dun.) P. Maas & van Setten ( Versteegh and Sosef 2007)

Unona stuhlmannii Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C: 179. 1895.

Type: TANZANIA. Pwani Region, Bagamoyo, Feb 1890 (fl, fr), F. L. Stuhlmann 229 (holotype: B! [100154088]).

= Huberantha stuhlmannii (Engl.) Chaowasku ( Chaowasku et al. 2015).

Unona undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) Dunal, Monogr. Anonac. 111. Aug-Nov 1817.

Type: Based on Xylopia undulata Palisot de Beauvois.

= Monodora undulata (Pal. Beauv.) Couvreur ( Couvreur 2008).

Xylopia bokoli De Wildeman & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo, Sér. 2, Bot. 1(2): 2. 1900.

Type: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ["Belgian Congo"]. Équateur Province, Bokakata, 10 Mar 1896 (fl, fr), A. Dewèvre 785 (holotype: BR!; isotypes: BR! [0000008804020, 0000008804358]).

= Monanthotaxis bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1971a)

Xylopia dunaliana Vallot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 219. 1882, nomen illegit., non Planchon & Linden, 1863. A nomen novum proposed by Vallot for the plant that had been known as Xylopia acutiflora .

Xylopia elliotii var. hedinii Robyns & Ghesquière, nomen nudum on Zenker 4739 at BR

= Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc.

Xylopia fernandopoana , nomen nudum on Guinea 1658

= Xylopia africana (Benth.) Oliv.

Xylopia houttei , nomen nudum on type specimen of Xylopia dekeyzeriana

= Xylopia aethiopica (Dun.) A. Rich.

Xylopia lehmbachii Diels, nomen nudum on Lehmbach 137a

= Xylopia africana (Benth.) Oliv.

Xylopia macrocarpa A. Chevalier, Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franç. 1: 15. 1920, nomen nudum

= Xylopia villosa Chipp

Xylopia otunga Exell, J. Bot. 69: 99. 1931.

Type: CAMEROON. Centre Region, Bitye, Yaunde, G. L. Bates 1226 (holotype: BM! [000513697]).

= Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. ( Verdcourt 1969)

Xylopia poggeana Engler & Diels, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 65-66. 1901.

Type: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ["Belgian Congo"]. Lualaba Province, Mukenge, s. d. (fr), P. Pogge 634 (holotype: B, not found). Diels (1915) commented that with study of more fruiting material the placement of X. poggeana in Xylopia was doubtful, and suggested that it might be more similar to a Popowia such as P. laurentii De Wild., but that he had not examined material of that species. Verdcourt (1971a) did not discuss the name Xylopia poggeana in his revision of Monanthotaxis , where African Popowia species are now placed.

Xylopia polycarpa (Candolle ex Dunal) Oliver, Fl. trop. Afr. 1: 32. 1868.

Type: Based on Unona polycarpa Candolle ex Dunal.

= Annickia polycarpa (DC. ex Dun.) P. Maas & van Setten

Xylopia smithii , nomen nudum in sched.

= Xylopia longipetala De Wild. & T. Durand

Xylopia [ “Xilopia”] Xylopia undulata Palisot de Beauvois, Fl. Owar. 1: 27-28 + t. 16. 20 May 1805 [ “1804”].

Type: NIGERIA. Without definite locality, s. d., A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois s. n. (holotype: G-DC ( Couvreur 2008)).

= Monodora undulata (Pal. Beauv.) Couvreur

Xylopiastrum Roberty, Bull. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire 15: 1397. 1953.

Type: Unona macrocarpa Vahl.

= Uvaria chamae Pal. Beauv. ( Junghans 1961)

Xylopiastrum macrocarpum (Vahl ex Dunal) Roberty, Bull. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire 15: 1398. 1953.

Type: Based on Unona macrocarpa Vahl ex Candolle ex Dunal

= Uvaria chamae Pal. Beauv.

Xylopiastrum taiense Aubréville, Flor. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 1, 140 + pl. 41, 3-4. 1959. This name was based on the specimen Aubréville 4090 from Taï, Ivory Coast, but the protologue lacks a Latin diagnosis or description and the name is thus not validly published under Article 39.1 of the ICN (2012).

= Xylopia acutiflora (Dun.) A. Rich.

Xylopicrum polycarpum (Candolle ex Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8. 1891.

Type: Based on Unona polycarpa Candolle ex Dunal.

= Annickia polycarpa (DC. ex Dun.) P. Maas & van Setten

Figures

Figure 10. Distributions of Xylopia africana, X. globosa, and X. staudtii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers.

Figure 43. Distributions of Xylopia villosa, X. letestui, and X. hypolampra. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers.

Figure 48. Xylopia villosa. A Flower, lateral view B Pedicel and torus of fruit C Outer petal, adaxial view D Inner petal, adaxial view E Shoot F Torus with sepals and staminal cone attached G Close-up of portion of inflorescence. A, C-G from Bernardi 8679 (A) B from Chevalier 22516 (P).