Sphenarium

Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Song, Hojun, Oyama, Ken, González-Rodríguez, Antonio & Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del, 2017, Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae), Zootaxa 4274 (1), pp. 1-86 : 67

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.804182

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27748C60-F64A-4E2C-B5CD-8DB413480DF4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029412

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C6E25-AC45-3B2A-2CBE-D7C4FA3CA8E1

treatment provided by

Plazi (2017-06-08 07:37:32, last updated 2024-11-29 12:15:00)

scientific name

Sphenarium
status

 

Key to Sphenarium View in CoL species

1. Tegmina spatula-like, wider in the apex than in the base ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 G)............................................... 2

- Tegmina strap-like, as wide in the apex as in the base ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 H)................................................ 12

2. Ectophallus in posterior view without sclerotized hollow in the inner-central portion of the sheath (e.g. Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 B, arrow). Endophallus in lateral view with short to very long aedeagal valves and elongated pseudoarch loosely joined to the valves of cingulum (e.g. Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 A-III, arrow)....................................................................... 3

- Ectophallus in posterior with a conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath (e.g. Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 E, arrow). Endophallus in lateral view always with short aedeagal valves and short pseudoarch tightly joined to the valves of cingulum (e.g. Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 D-III, arrow)..................................................................................................... 11

3. Aedeagal valves with an apical spine in lateral view of endophallus (e.g. Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 C, arrow)............................ 4

- Aedeagal valves without apical spine in lateral view of endophallus (e.g. Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 F, arrow)........................... 6

4. Ectophallus in dorsal view with lateral borders of ramus strongly concave (e.g. Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 A-II, arrow). Apical spine of aedeagus slightly longer or shorter than the base of aedeagal sclerites. Widely distributed from the southern Altiplano to the Sierra Madre del Sur in central and southern Mexico ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A).......................................... S. purpurascens View in CoL

- Ectophallus in dorsal view with lateral borders of ramus convergent slightly rounded (e.g. Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 J-II, arrow)............. 5

5. Ectophallus in posterior view with inflections of supraramus reduced or not developed laterally and valves cingulum tonguelike ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 K). Apical spine of aedeagus as long or shorter than the base endophallic apodemes ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 J-III). Restricted to outer slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 C)............................... S. zapotecum View in CoL sp.n.

- Ectophallus in posterior view with inflections of supraramus moderately developed laterally; valves of cingulum triangular to

Gallery Image

FIGURE 4. External morphologic characters of Sphenarium and Prosphena: antennae filiform (A) or weakly ensiform (B); head subtriangular-compresed (C), subtriangular-elongated (D) or conical (E, F); tegmina spatula-like (G), strap-like (H) or tongue-like (I); subgenital plate of males tapered (J) or rounded moderately (K) or notably (L) developed posteriorly; dorsal ovipositor valves rounded (M), moderately lanceolate (N) or notably elongated (O).

Gallery Image

FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca.

Gallery Image

FIGURE 10. Male genital structures of S. purpurascens: morphotype 1 (A – C), morphotype 2 (D – F), morphotype 3 (G – I); and S. zapotecum sp. n. holotype (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm).

Gallery Image

FIGURE 12. Male genital structures of S. tarascum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. planum (D – F); S. macrophallicum paratype # 234 (G – I); and S. minimum (J – L). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm).

Gallery Image

FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Orthoptera

Family

Pyrgomorphidae

SubTribe

Sphenariina