Trichoptera

Johanson, Kjell Arne & Oláh, János, 2012, Revision of the Fijian Chimarra (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) with description of 24 new species, Zootaxa 3354, pp. 1-58 : 6-7

Key to Fijian Trichoptera families (adults) and Philopotamidae species (males)

1 Forewings shorter than 4.0 mm, narrow, pointed apically (figs. 6–10 in Marshall (1979 )); antennae shorter than forewings; tho- rax with mesoscutellum pointed posteriorly (fig. 83 in Marshall (1979 ))................................................................................................. Hydroptilidae (1 species: Oxyethira fijiensis Kelley, 1989 ).

- Forewings longer than 4.0 mm, broad, rounded apically ( Fig. 5); antennae as long as forewings or longer; thorax with mesoscutellum rounded or nearly straight posteriorly (figs. 53–54 in Marshall (1979 ))............................... 2

2 (1 ’) Ocelli present........................................................................................ 3

- Ocelli absent......................................................................................... 4

3 (2) Maxillary palps each with segment 2 swollen mesally and with apical segment flexible, distinctly longer than previous seg- ment............................................................. Philopotamidae ( Chimarra , 27 species)... 8

- Maxillary palps each with segment 2 cylindrical and with apical segment not flexible, about as long as previous segment...................................................................... Hydrobiosidae ( Apsilochorema , 3 species).

4 (2 ’) Maxillary palps each with apical segment flexible, distinctly longer than previous segment........................... 5

- Maxillary palps each with apical segment not flexible, about as long as previous segment........................... 6

5 (4) Forelegs each with 2 spurs (preapical spur absent); thorax without mesonotal setal warts................................................................................................... Hydropsychidae ( Abacaria , 9 species).

- Forelegs each with 3 spurs (preapical spur present); thorax with pair of mesonotal setal warts......................................................................................... Polycentropodidae ( Polyplectropus , 8 species).

6 (4 ’) Antennae each with scape distinctly longer than head; thorax with pair of distinct mesonotal setal warts, setae never in longitu- dinal rows..................................................................... Goeridae ( Goera , 3 species).

- Antennae each with scape shorter or about as long as head; thorax without mesonotal setal warts, setae always in pair of longi- tudinal rows.......................................................................................... 7

7 (6 ’) Maxillary palps each 6 -segmented; forewings less than 3 x longer than broad... Calamoceratidae ( Anisocentropus , 5 species)

- Maxillary palps 5 -segmented; forewings more than 3 x longer than broad................................................................................ Leptoceridae ( Oecetis , 1 species; Triaenodes , 3 species; Triplectides , 1 species)

8 (3) Hind wings each with centrally located, large, pale hyaline spot ( Figs. 10–13)..................................... 9

- Hind wings without large pale, hyaline spots ( Figs. 6–7).................................................... 14

9 (8) In genitalia, gonopods short, length about as long as high in lateral view ( Fig. 50).............. C. schlingeri , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods more elongate, longer than high in lateral view (cf. Figs. 60, 65, 70)......................... 10

10 (9 ’) In genitalia, ventral branch of each gonopod more than 2 x longer than wide in lateral view ( Fig. 60) C. braueri , new species.

- In genitalia, ventral branch of each gonopod not as long as wide in lateral view ( Figs. 45, 65)........................ 11

11 (10 ’) In genitalia, gonopods widest at mid-length in lateral view ( Fig. 70)..................... C. karoyanitensis , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods widest beyond mid-length in lateral view ( Figs. 45, 55, 65)................................. 12

12 (11 ’) In genitalia, dorsal branch of each gonopod forming ventrally pointing hook in lateral view ( Fig. 45) C. signata Banks, 1936 .

- In genitalia, dorsal branch of each gonopod forming posteriorly pointing triangle in lateral view ( Figs. 55, 65)......... 13

13 (12 ’)In genitalia, dorsal margin of each gonopod nearly straight and as darkly sclerotized as posterior margin ( Fig. 55)........................................................................................... C. nathani , new species.

- In genitalia, dorsal margin of each gonopod strongly convex and more darkly sclerotized than posterior margin ( Fig. 65)...................................................................................... C. vitiensis , new species.

14 (8 ’) Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot............................................................... 15

- Forewings without large, pale hyaline spots............................................................... 16

15 (14) Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot located immediately anterior of posterior wing margin ( Fig. 6); in genitalia, ter- gum X with prominent dorsal process on each lateral branch ( Fig. 35)....................... C. vanuensis , new species.

- Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot located centrally in wings ( Fig. 7); in genitalia, tergum X without dorsal pro- cesses ( Fig. 40)................................................................. C. macuatensis , new species.

16 (14 ’)In genitalia, phallic apparatus without endothecal processes; phallotremal sclerite more than 2 x longer than width of narrowest part of phallotheca ( Figs. 79, 84, 89)..................................................................... 17

- In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 1 or 2 pairs of endothecal processes; phallotremal sclerite less than 2 x longer than width of narrowest part of phallotheca, or not discernable ( Figs. 139, 170)............................................... 19

17 (16) In genitalia, gonopods acute apically in lateral view ( Fig. 75); phallotremal sclerite more than 1 / 2 as long as phallotheca ( Fig. 79)............................................................................. C. tokotaai , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods rounded apically in lateral view ( Figs. 80, 85); phallotremal sclerite much less than 1 / 2 as long as phal- lotheca ( Figs. 84, 89).................................................................................. 18

18 (17 ’)In genitalia, segment IX rectangular and oblique, with ventral margin much shorter than height in lateral view ( Fig. 85); each posterior margin produced into large, triangular plate immediately below its cercus ( Fig. 85).. C. naitasirensis , new species.

- In genitalia, segment IX hyperbolic, with ventral margin subequal to height in lateral view ( Fig. 80); each posterior margin without triangular plate below its cercus ( Fig. 80)............................................ C. vuda , new species.

19 (16 ’)In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 2 pairs of endothecal processes ( Fig. 138)..................................... 20

- In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 1 pair of endothecal processes ( Fig. 169)..................................... 23

20 (19) In genitalia, each lateral branch of tergum X with dorsal, rounded process ( Figs. 105, 111).......................... 21

- In genitalia, each lateral branch of tergum X with dorsal, hook-shaped process ( Figs. 134, 139)...................... 22

21 (20) In genitalia, anteroventral portion of segment IX rectangular in lateral view ( Fig. 105); in tergum X, gap between dorsal and ventral branches nearly right-angled ( Fig. 105); tergum X with triangular process on lateral margin in lateral view ( Fig. 105); gonopods strongly expanded ventrally at base ( Fig. 105); in phallus, endothecal processes no longer than as minimum breadth of phallotheca in ventral view ( Fig. 110)................................................. C. manni Banks, 1924 .

- In genitalia, anteroventral portion of segment IX triangular in lateral view ( Fig. 111); in tergum X, gap between dorsal and ventral branches wide-angled, nearly 180 degrees ( Fig. 111); tergum X without triangular process on ventral margin in lateral view ( Fig. 111); gonopods only slightly expanded ventrally at base ( Fig. 111); in phallus, endothecal processes longer than minimum breadth of phallotheca in ventral view ( Fig. 116)............................... C. cakaudrovensis , new species.

22 (20 ’) In genitalia, each dorsal branch of tergum X with darkly sclerotized apicodorsal hook ( Fig. 134); each ventral branch of tergum X reaching as far posterior as each dorsal branch ( Fig. 134); phallic apparatus without spicules ( Figs. 137, 138)............................................................................................ C. lavensis , new species.

- In genitalia, each dorsal branch of tergum X with weakly sclerotized subapicodorsal process ( Fig. 139); each ventral branch of tergum X exceeding posteriorly each dorsal branch of tergum X ( Fig. 139); phallic apparatus with group of spicules in addition to endothecal processes ( Figs. 143, 144)................................................ C. devoensis , new species.

23 (19 ') In genitalia, tergum X with each lateral branch uniramus ( Figs. 90, 124, 155)..................................... 24

- In genitalia, tergum X with each lateral branch biramus ( Figs. 95, 117, 145)..................................... 29

24 (23) In genitalia, gonopods clearly reaching beyond tergum X posteriorly ( Figs. 100, 155)........................... ... 25

- In genitalia, gonopods reaching as far out as tergum X or shorter ( Figs. 90, 150, 164).............................. 26

25 (24) In genitalia, segment IX long, with narrow anteroventral plates and straight posterior margin in lateral view ( Fig. 100); each gonopod uniramus ( Fig. 100)....................................................... C. abacensis , new species.

- In genitalia, segment IX short, with broad anteroventral plates and convex posterior margin in lateral view ( Fig. 155); each gonopod with slender dorsal branch and rounded ventral branch ( Fig. 155).................. C. psychodida , new species.

26 (24 ’) In genitalia, gonopods about as long as broad in lateral view ( Fig. 90)....................... C. veisarensis , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods much shorter than broad in lateral view ( Fig. 124, 165, 170)................................ 27

27 (26 ') In genitalia, distal part of each gonopod almost straight ( Figs. 124, 170)........................................ 33

- In genitalia, distal part of each gonopod curved posterad in lateral view ( Figs. 150, 165)............................ 28

28 (27 ’) In genitalia, segment IX with slightly concave to straight posterior margin ( Fig. 150); tergum X short, not reaching beyond gonopods in lateral view ( Fig. 150); each lateral branch of tergum X with lateral subapical process ( Fig. 151); gonopods each with rounded ventral branch in lateral view ( Fig. 150)..................................... C. tipulida , new species.

- In genitalia, segment IX with slightly convex posterior margin ( Fig. 165); tergum X long, reaching well beyond gonopods in lateral view ( Fig. 165); tergum X without lateral processes ( Fig. 166); gonopods each with nearly rectangular ventral branch in lateral view ( Fig. 165).............................................................. C. malickyi , new species.

29 (23 ’) In genitalia, gonopods broad, nearly triangular in lateral view ( Fig. 117).................... C. cartwrighti , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods narrow, each with nearly parallel-sided dorsal branch ( Figs. 95, 129, 145, 160)................ 30

30 (29 ’) In genitalia, tergum X with ventral branches produced posterad beyond dorsal branches ( Figs. 95, 145)................ 31

- In genitalia, tergum X with ventral branches not produced posterad beyond dorsal branches ( Figs. 129, 160)............ 32

31 (30) In genitalia, apex of each dorsal and ventral branch of each gonopod parallel-sided and bent posterad C. fijiana , new species.

- In genitalia, apex of dorsal branch of each gonopod straight; dorsal branch nearly parallel-sided, ventral branch irregular ( Fig. 145).......................................................................... C. helomyzida , new species.

32 (30 ’) In genitalia, gonopods longer than segment IX in lateral view, slightly curved posterad along their length ( Fig. 129); distal 1 / 2 of tergum X narrower than distal 3 rd of gonopods in lateral view ( Fig. 129)................. C. kadavuensis , new species.

- In genitalia, gonopods shorter than segment IX in lateral view, strongly curved into 1 / 2 -circle ( Fig. 160); tergum X broader than distal 3 rd of gonopods in lateral view ( Fig. 160)..................................... C. levuensis , new species.

33 (27) In genitalia, posterolateral margins of segment IX each with posterior, setose lobe above its gonopod in lateral view ( Fig. 124); gonopods each narrowing at 1 / 2 -length into parallel-sided dorsal branch and with rounded ventral branch in lateral view ( Fig. 124); tergum X with convex dorsal margin in lateral view ( Fig. 124), divided into lateral processes in dorsal view ( Fig. 125).................................................................................. C. kimminsi , new species.

- In genitalia, posterolateral margins of segment IX without posterior, setose lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 170); gonopods each with dorsal branch narrowing distally along its full length and with ventral branch short, triangular in lateral view ( Fig. 170); tergum X with stepped, concave dorsal margin in lateral view ( Fig. 170), without lateral processes in dorsal view ( Fig. 171)................................................................................. C. obscurella Banks, 1924 .