Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pitriana, Pipit, Valente, Luis, von Rintelen, Thomas, Jones, Diana S., Prabowo, Romanus E. & von Rintelen, Kristina, 2020, An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia, ZooKeys 945, pp. 17-83 : 17

Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) Figure 26a-e , Table 1: species no. 97

Balani Rhumphius, 1705: 121, pl. 41 figs A, C, D.

Balanus tintinnabuliformis laevis Lang, 1772: 4.

Balanus cylindraceus unicum thalamum efformans, magnis ventricosus Gaultierus, 1742: un-numbered page, pl. 106, fig. H. Glands de mer de la grande espèce Dezallier d’Argenville, 1742: 364, pl. 30 fig. A; 1757: 364, pl. 26 fig. A.

Lepas Tintinnabulum Linnaeus, 1758: 668; Chemnitz 1785 (part.): pl. 97 figs 830, 831 (non figs 828, 829).

Lepas calyciformis orientalis Ellis, 1758: 845, pl. 34 figs 8, 9.

Balanus tintinnabulum : Bruguière 1789 (part.): 165; Holthuis and Heerebout 1972: 24, pl. 1.

Lepas tintinnabulum : Wood 1815: 38, pl. 6 figs 1, 2.

Lepas spinosa Wood, 1815 (part.): pl. 7 fig. 4 (large shell only; small shells = M. spinosus ).

Balanus tintinnabulum var. (1) communis Darwin, 1854: 195, pl. 1 figs a, b, f supra, pl. 2 figs 1 a, 1 c-e, 1 i, 1 k.

Balanus tintinnabulum var. communis : Gruvel 1905a: 21.

Balanus tintinnabulum tintinnabulum : Pilsbry 1916: 55, fig. 9, pl. 10 figs 1a-e; Dong et al. 1982: 86.

Balanus tintinnabulum antillensis Pilsbry, 1916: 63, pl. 13 figs 1, 2 e.

Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum forma communis Broch, 1931: 56.

Balanus tintinnabulum var. tintinnabulum ; Oliveira 1941: 11, fig. 1, pl. 2 figs 1, 2, pl. 4 fig. 1, pl. 5 fig. 3, pl. 8 fig. 6.

Megabalanus antillensis Newman & Ross, 1976: 67.

Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum tintinnabulum : Ren & Liu, 1978: 121, fig. 1, pl. 1 figs 1-5.

non Lepas tintinnabulum : Spengler 1790: 180 [= Megabalanus occator (Darwin, 1854)]

non Lepas tintinnabulum var. a: Spengler 1790: 181 (incertae sedis).

non Lepas tintinnabulum var. b: Spengler 1790: 182 [= Striatobalanus amaryllis (Darwin, 1854)]

non Lepas tintinnabulum : Chemnitz 1785: pl. 97, figs 828, 829 [= Austromegabalanus nigrescens (Lamarck, 1818)].

non Balanus tintinnabulum : Chenu 1843: pl. 2 fig. 8, pl. 3 fig. 5, pl. 2 fig. 8 [= Megabalanus ajax (Darwin, 1854)]; pl. 3 fig. 5 [= Megabalanus tulipiformis (Darwin, 1854)].

non Balanus tintinnabulum var. communis : Krüger 1911a: 46, pl. 3 figs 31 a1-31 b2 [= Megabalanus volcano Pilsbry, 1916)].

non Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum : Withers 1924: pl.6 figs 4-7 [= Megabalanus linzei (Foster, 1979)].

non Balanus tintinnabulum antillensis Pilsbry, 1927: 38, fig. 3 a-c [= Megabalanus stultus (Darwin, 1854)]

non Balanus tintinnabulum tintinnabulum : Linzey 1942: 279 [= Megabalanus linzei (Foster, 1979)].

non Balanus tintinnabulum : Foster 1967: 81, fig. 2a, b [= Megabalanus linzei (Foster, 1979)].

Megabalanus tintinnabulum : Newman & Ross, 1976: 68; Henry & McLaughlin 1986: 17, figs 1e, 2a, g, h, 3a-c, 5 a-l; Zevina et al. 1992: 99, fig. 67; Pitombo 2004: 175; Chan et.al 2009a: 259, fig. 224; Pochai et.al 2017: 28, fig.11.

Material examined.

Ambon Island: 3 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 066, Laha, 3°43'22.5"S, 128°05'02.5"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 5 Sep 2016. Saparua Island: 1 specimen, MZB Cru Cir 067, Desa Pia, 3°30'20.4"S, 128°36'55.0"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 21 Sep 2016.

Diagnosis.

Shell relatively large, lightly ribbed; radii wide; surface smooth without spines; tergum wider than scutum with spur narrow and long, crests for depressor muscle weakly to moderately well developed.

Description.

Shell cylindrical to conical, parietes purplish, smooth, with longitudinal purple striations, tubiferous (Fig. 26a ); radii wide, usually horizontally striated, summits horizontal, sutural edges with regular denticles; summits of alae oblique; orifice rhomboidal, moderately small to large, one-third to two-thirds basal diameter, subcircular to subtriangular; scutum triangular, external surface with horizontal striations, inner surface with conspicuous articular ridge; tergum triangular, frequently wider than scutum, external surface with horizontal striations, spur long, narrow, external surface with median furrow, scutal margin denticulate (Fig. 26b-e ); mandible with five teeth, labrum with deep cleft, three teeth on each side. Basal length 26.0-49.2 mm, basal width 29.0-43.1 mm, height 20.1-49.4 mm. Orifice length 13.7-16.3 mm, orifice width 10.4-15.9 mm (measurements for four specimens are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S25).

Distribution.

Megabalanus tintinnabulum is a cosmopolitan species and widely distributed worldwide ( Pochai et al. 2017). In this study, M. tintinnabulum was found on Ambon Island (at Laha) and in Saparua Island (at Desa Pia) on concrete bridge at the port, stones and reef surface (a map with the occurrence of Megabalanus tintinnabulum in the Moluccas is shown in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S4).

Remarks.

The name Megabalanus was given by Hoek (1913), referring to the largest form of existing Balani . With the exception of Balanus amphitrite , Darwin (1854) considered Balanus tintinnabulum as the most difficult and variable species in the genus Balanus ( Henry and McLaughlin 1986). Megabalanus tintinnabulum can be distinguished by its large shell plates and purple surface with irregular, unclear longitudinal stripes ( Pochai et al. 2017).

Figures

Figure 26. Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) (MZB Cru Cir 066 - 3) a upper view b external view of scutum c internal view of scutum d external view of tergum e internal view of tergum. Scale bars: 8 mm (a); 5 mm (b-e).