Calletaera Warren, 1895
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3856.1.3 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A61774A-7D31-46CE-8311-683DCC8BE43F |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137559 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6587F7-394C-8543-FF35-662AFB10F9FF |
treatment provided by |
Plazi (2016-04-17 10:25:44, last updated 2024-11-26 08:05:22) |
scientific name |
Calletaera Warren, 1895 |
status |
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Calletaera Warren, 1895 View in CoL
Calletaera Warren, 1895 View in CoL , Novit. zool., 2: 132. Type species: Macaria ruptaria Walker, 1861 , by original designation. Bithiodes Warren, 1899 View in CoL , Novit. zool., 6: 354 (nec Bithiodes Warren, 1894 View in CoL ). Type species: Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888 View in CoL . Syn. nov.
Generic characters. Antennae mostly bipectinate in male, sometimes filiform (e.g. C. subgravata ( Prout, 1932) View in CoL , C. trigonoprocessus and C. postvittata View in CoL ); filiform in female. Frons not protruding. Labial palpi with third segment distinct. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, dilated and with hair-pencil in male. Apex of forewing often acute, sometimes slightly falcate (e.g. C. obliquata View in CoL , C. obvia , C. acuticornuta , C. rotundicornuta and C. consimilaria ); outer margin of forewing often straight, sometimes slightly protruding outwards at posterior half (e.g. C. subexpressa and C. basipuncta Wileman, 1916 View in CoL ) or at middle (e.g. C. foveata Holloway, 1994 View in CoL ), that of hind wing often crenulate above CuA1 and smooth below CuA1, sometimes forming a small protrusion or angle at end of M1 (e.g. C. obliquata View in CoL , C. obvia , C. acuticornuta and C. rotundicornuta ) or at M3 (e.g. C. postvittata View in CoL , C. dentata , C. trigonoprocessus and C. jotaria (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)) View in CoL . Wings with postmedial lines thin, often dot-like (except C. subexpressa , C. basipuncta View in CoL , C. foveata View in CoL , C. sabulosa Warren, 1895 View in CoL and C. schistacea Swinhoe, 1900 View in CoL ); dark bands often present outside postmedial lines, and both inside and outside submarginal lines; Forewing with R1 long stalked with R2 (e.g. C. obliquata View in CoL , C. obvia , C. acuticornuta , C. rotundicornuta and C. consimilaria ) or anastomosing with R2 (e.g. C. subexpressa , C. dentata and C. trigonoprocessus ). Tuft of scales present on male sternite III. Male genitalia with uncus short, bearing a short apical process; gnathos with median process not developed; valva deeply bifurcate, forming a dorsal arm and a ventral arm; dorsal arm rod-like, rounded apically; ventral arm with a curved spine-like terminal part; coremata not developed; juxta short; saccus almost triangular, acute or rounded apically; aedeagus sometimes with a process posteriorly (e.g. C. subexpressa , C. trigonoprocessus and C. subgravata View in CoL ); vesica with cornuti, the shape of cornuti variable among species. Female genitalia with papillae anales rounded terminally; lamella postvaginalis small, ductus bursae with an antrum, totally or partly sclerotized; corpus bursae with a signum; signum large, rounded or oval with many marginal spines; seventh sternite often sclerotized and concave posteriorly (except C. subexpressa ).
Diagnosis. The diagnostic characters are given under the previous genus Luxiaria .
Distribution. China, Southeast Asia.
Remarks. Warren (1894) originally designated Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861 as the type species of Bithiodes , but subsequently, in 1899, having discovered that the specimens he had examined had been misidentified, and in fact belonged to Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888 , published a correction purporting to redesignate the type species of Bithiodes as Luxiaria obliquata . Formally this corrected type designation is not valid following the Code (1999). However, the name Bithiodes Warren, 1899 , is available following article 12.2.1 of the Code (1999), as a name, which is accompanied by an indication. Thus, there are two different but homonymic generic names: Bithiodes Warren, 1894 , with type species Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861 , by original designation, and Bithiodes Warren, 1899 , with type species Luxiaria obliquata Moore, 1888 , by original designation. To avoid any doubt which might result from Warren's attempt to change the type species of Bithiodes Warren 1894 , following the article 70.3 of the Code (1999), we confirm the nominal type Acidalia inexactata Walker, 1861 , for the genus name Bithiodes Warren, 1894 . Because A. inexactata is currently regarded ( Parsons et al. 1999) as a synonym of Eutoea heteroneurata (Guenée, 1858) , we consider Bithiodes Warren, 1894 to be a junior subjective synonym of Eutoea Walker, 1860 , syn. nov.
In addition, since in this paper we have transferred L. obliquata to Calletaera , Bithiodes Warren, 1899 should be considered as a junior subjective synonym of Calletaera Warren, 1895 , syn. nov.
Holloway (1994) mentioned that the species of Calletaera have the hindwing distinctly angled at M3, and considered a thorn-like process at the apex of the aedeagus as a potentially definitive feature. However, we find the two characters are not definitive features and are variable among different species in Calletaera .
Felder, R. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1875) Lepidoptera. Heft V. Atlas der Heterocera, Geometridae Pterophorida. Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde, Zoologischer Theil, 2 (2. Abt), pls. 121 - 140.
Holloway, J. D. (1994) The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae. Malayan Nature Journal, 47, 1 - 309.
Moore, F. (1888) Heterocera (continued). In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new India Lepidopterous Insects from the Colloctions of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Part 3. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, pp. 199 - 299, pls. 7 - 8.
Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.), Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vol. 1. & 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia; Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 1 - 1016. (+ 129 pp. of Index).
Prout, L. B. (1932) On the Geometridae of Mount Kinabalu. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 17 (1), 39 - 111.
Swinhoe, C. (1900) New species of Eastern and Australian moths. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (33), 305 - 313. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678380
Warren, W. (1894) New genera and species of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 1, 366 - 466.
Warren, W. (1895) New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 82 - 159.
Warren, W. (1899) New species and genera of the families Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae from the Old-World Regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 6, 1 - 66.
Wileman, A. E. (1916) New species of Geometridae from Formosa. (Continuation.). Entomologist, 49, 34 - 37.
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Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
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SubFamily |
Ennominae |
Calletaera Warren, 1895
Jiang, Nan, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang 2014 |
C. foveata
Holloway 1994 |
C. subgravata (
Prout 1932 |
C. basipuncta
Wileman 1916 |
C. schistacea
Swinhoe 1900 |
Bithiodes
Warren 1899 |
Calletaera
Warren 1895 |
C. sabulosa
Warren 1895 |
Bithiodes
Warren 1894 |
Luxiaria obliquata
Moore 1888 |
C. jotaria
Felder & Rogenhofer 1875 |
Macaria ruptaria
Walker 1861 |