Pimpla, Porter, 1970

Pádua, Diego G., Araujo, Rodrigo O. & Mazariegos, Luis A., 2019, Pimpla Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Colombia, Zootaxa 4683 (3), pp. 439-446 : 442-444

Key to the Colombian species of Pimpla (modified from Porter, 1970)

[The male of P. iothales ( Porter, 1970) and the female of P. varipes ( Porter, 1970) remain unknown]

1 Female ............................................................................................. 2 - Male.............................................................................................. 16

2 Fore wing hyaline to yellowish with a large, strongly contrasting subapical or apical darkened area; mesosoma yellow to brown, often with slight to extensive dark patterning ( Figs 1C ; 3A ).................................................... 3

- Fore wing without a strongly contrasting apical dark area; mesosoma black, variously metallic, or occasionally, red, without or with sparse to extensive white or yellowish markings ( Figs 1A; 1B ; 3B; 3C; 3D )................................... 4

3 Body yellow with dark (almost black to very pale brown or orange brown) pattern that normally includes three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, extensive transverse bands on metasomal tergites; tergites VI–VII almost entirely black; hind coxa with dorsal stripe (sometimes very faint) ( Fig. 1C ).............................................. P. sumichrasti Cresson

- Body orange brown with much weaker and more restricted dark markings; mesoscutum immaculate; metasoma immaculate or sometimes with a little dark brown staining at base of tergites and toward apex; hind coxa immaculate ( Fig. 3A )................................................................................................. P. azteca Cresson

4 Metasoma with laterotergite V broad, more than 0.50× as broad as long ( Fig. 2A ).................................. 5

- Metasoma with laterotergite V narrow, less than 0.30× as broad as long ( Fig. 2B )................................... 7

5 Metasoma reddish...................................................................... P. golbachi (Porter)

- Metasoma blackish with more or less brownish apical rims.................................................... 6

6 Laterotergite II–III more than 0.50× as broad as long, similar width to laterotergites IV–V; mesopleuron with posterolateral corner usually finely punctate........................................................... P. punicipes Cresson

- Laterotergite II–III less than 0.30× as broad as long, similar width to laterotergites IV–V; mesopleuron with posterolateral corner usually striated................................................................ P. sanguinipes Cresson

7 Dorsal valve of ovipositor on tip always with sharp, complete transverse ridges and at least moderately depressed ( Figs 2D; 2E; 2F; 2G )............................................................................................. 8

- Dorsal valve of ovipositor on tip never with sharp, complete transverse ridges (although often with small irregularities), depressed to convex ( Fig. 2C )............................................................................ 11

8 Body metallic blue ( Fig. 1B ); wings slightly to profoundly darkened............................... P. caerulea Brullé

- Body black, black and yellow, or black, brown and yellow ( Figs 1A ; 3B; 3C; 3D ); wings a little yellowish to pale orange... 9

9 Mesosoma and metasoma black with sparse yellow markings; metasoma black with yellowish areas in all tergites ( Fig. 3D ); wings hyaline with definite pale yellow staining and fore wing slightly dusky toward apex; tergite I in lateral view almost evenly convex or with a low, rounded hump ( Fig. 2I ).......................................... P. platysma (Porter)

- Mesosoma and metasoma black without yellow markings; wings pale to rather deep orange; tergite I in lateral view normally with a prominent, more or less pyramidal hump ( Figs 2H; 2I )................................................. 10

10 Tibiae and tarsi yellow ( Fig. 3C ); punctures of face in large part subadjacent or sparser; central field of postpetiole with at most faint transverse wrinkling; tergites II–V normally with in large part much sparser than subadjacent punctures; ovipositor tip gently decurved ( Fig. 2G )............................................................. P. flavipennis Enderlein

- Tibiae and tarsi black; punctures of face largely adjacent or confluent to subadjacent; central field of postpetiole with definite transverse wrinkling; tergites II–V often (but not always) with broad areas of large, subadjacent to adjacent punctures; ovipositor tip less definitely decurved........................................................... P. pepsoides (Porter)

11 Ovipositor cylindro-depressed based and becoming more strongly depressed apical with dorsal valve strongly flattened on tip ( Fig. 2D ); apical margin of clypeus at most slightly concave; gena <0.40× as long as basal as eye in lateral view; metasoma either mostly orange or black with apical rims of tergites more or less brownish................................... 12

- Ovipositor cylindric to cylindro-depressed, dorsal valve at least gently convex on tip; apical margin of clypeus shallowly to, most often, deeply emarginated; gena> 0.40× as long as basal as eye in lateral view; metasoma black, sometimes with red staining, or variously metallic, in many but no all species with white apical bands on most tergites.................... 13

12 Metasoma uniformly black; hind leg with coxa black, trochanteral segments, femur and tibia bright yellow ( Fig. 3B ).......................................................................................... P. croceipes Cresson

- Metasoma uniformly orange; hind leg yellowish brown with coxa generally white a white dorsal spot.................................................................................................. P. croceiventris (Cresson)

13 Mesosoma at most with white on scutellum and/or postscutellum; for a coxa almost wholly dark, without white, or red markings; tergite I in profile usually with a moderately to very high pyramidal hump ( Figs 2H; 2I )........................ 14

- Mesosoma with white at least on pronotum and hind corners of propodeum as well as on scutellum; fore coxa entirely pale or black with white, yellow, or red markings; tergite I in profile, in most species with a moderately high, rounded elevation or weakly raised ( Figs 2J; 2K )............................................................................ 15

14 Sheathed portion of ovipositor <0.15× as long as fore wing; apical margin of clypeus practically truncate; malar space> 1.40× as long as basal width of mandible; metasoma with a white apical band on tergites I–II............... P. aviancae (Porter)

- Sheathed portion of ovipositor> 0.25× as long as fore wing; clypeus deeply emarginated; malar space <1.30× as long as basal width of mandible; metasoma either without white markings or with a white apical band on tergites I–VII..................................................................................................... P. iothales (Porter)

15 Fore coxae entirely black................................................................. P. pyramis (Porter)

- Fore coxae entirely white ( Fig. 1A ).................................................. P. albomarginata Cameron

16 Fore wing hyaline to yellowish with a large to (occasionally) small subapical or apical darkened area; mesosoma yellow to brown, often with slight to extensive dark patterning ( Figs 1C ; 3A )............................................. 17

- Fore wing without a strongly contrasting apical dark area; mesosoma black, variously metallic, or occasionally, red, without or with sparse to extensive white or yellowish markings ( Figs 1A; 1B )............................................ 18

17 Body yellow with dark (almost black to very pale brown) pattern normally includes three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, extensive transverse bands on metasomal tergites; hind coxa with dorsal stripe (sometimes very faint) ( Fig. 1C )............................................................................................. P. sumichrasti Cresson

- Body orange brown with much weaker and more restricted dark markings; mesoscutum immaculate; metasoma immaculate or sometimes with a little dark brown staining at base of tergites and toward apex; hind coxa immaculate ( Fig 3A )................................................................................................. P. azteca Cresson

18 Metasoma normally with conspicuous white apical bands on most tergites ( Fig. 1A )............................... 19

- Metasoma solid metallic blue, black, or orange, or black or black and brown with sparse to profuse yellow markings ( Figs 1B; 1C ; 3A; 3B : 3C; 3D).................................................................................. 21

19 Malar space 0.90–1.00× as long as basal width of mandible; tergite I in profile with a rather high, bluntly pyramidal hump ( Figs 2H; 2I ).............................................................................. P. aviancae (Porter)

- Malar space 0.50–0.60× as long as basal width of mandible; tergite I in profile with a moderately high, rounded hump ( Figs 2L; 2M )............................................................................................... 20

20 Wings hyaline with a slight to definite yellowish brown; legs with coxae and trochanters mostly black with some brownish or red brown staining on trochanters and apex of coxae and with apical margin of trochanters more or less obscurely dull whitish or brownish white, femora, tibiae, and tarsi orange with tarsomeres V dusky on about apical 0.50; mid tarsus a little dusky basad and becoming blackish on last three segments, hind femur a little dusky on apex, hind tibia dull orange with dusky staining near base and irregularly dusky to blackish on about apical 0.25–0.50 or even farther basad or throughout above, hind tarsus blackish............................................................................... P. pyramis (Porter)

- Wings only very slightly blackish infumate; fore coxa otherwise predominantly black with coxa entirely and femur and tibia internally white, mid and hind legs with coxae, trochanteral segments and femora reddish, coxae sometimes marked with white, mid and hind tibia and tarsi blackish................................................. P. albomarginata Cameron

21 Metallic blue; wings almost hyaline to moderately darkened ( Fig. 1B ); lateral carinae of scutellum usually traceable 0.25–0.50 or more its length....................................................................... P. caerulea Brullé

- Variously colored but never metallic blue; wings hyaline to pale yellow or orange; lateral carinae of scutellum rarely prolonged much beyond base................................................................................... 22

22 Mesosoma without yellow color; metasoma black; wings pale orange; mid femur mostly black; mesoscutum opaque to dully shining; tergite I in profile with a definite low and rounded to high-pyramidal hump ( Figs 2H; 2I ).................... 23

- Mesosoma most often, but not invariably, with sparse to profuse yellow markings; metasoma in some species not entirely black; wings hyaline to yellowish; mid femur mostly yellow to orange; mesoscutum dully shining; tergite I in profile almost flat, gently convex, or sometimes a little humped ( Figs 2L; 2M )...................................................... 24

23 Mid and hind tibiae and tarsi yellow ( Fig. 3C )............................................ P. flavipennis Enderlein

- Mid and hind tibiae and tarsi dark........................................................ P. pepsoides (Porter)

24 Malar space <0.50× as long as basal width of mandible...................................................... 25

- Malar space> 0.60× as long as basal width of mandible...................................................... 26

25 Metasoma mostly black; hind coxa black; subalarum moderately swollen and callus-like with a long carina behind; sides of propodeum with long but not extensively overlapping dull white setae ( Fig. 3B )................... P. croceipes Cresson

- Metasoma mostly orange; hind coxa orange with yellow above toward base; subalarum strongly swollen and callus-like with a short carina behind; sides of propodeum with long, extensively overlapping, silvery white setae..... P. croceiventris Cresson

26 Laterotergites IV–V almost always> 3.00× as long as wide and frequently much longer; metasoma black and yellow without much reddish-brown staining and basal face of propodeum yellow with a complete longitudinal black area................................................................................................... P. platysma (Porter)

- Laterotergites IV–V 1.50–2.70× as long as broad; metasoma reddish or black with apical margins slightly to prominently brown............................................................................................. 27

27 Laterotergite II elongate wedge-shaped, 3.80–6.00× or more as long as wide; laterotergite III a little broader, and of following tergites contrastingly broader and shorter; tergites either black with more or less brownish or occasionally whitish apical margins, or partly to entirely red........................................................................... 28

- Laterotergite II broadly wedge-shaped, 1.30–2.60× as long as wide; laterotergite of succeeding tergites similar, at most a little broader and shorter; tergites black with more or less brown staining on apical rims................................ 29

28 Metasoma black with tergites on apical margins slightly to prominently brown................... P. sanguinipes Cresson

- Metasoma red, sometimes a little black stained toward apex or, very rarely, mostly black beyond tergites I–II................................................................................................. P. golbachi (Porter)

29 Malar space 0.70–0.90× as long as basal width of mandible.................................... P. punicepis Cresson

- Malar space 1.00–1.10× as long as basal width of mandible...................................... P. varipes (Porter)

Figures

FIGURES 1. A–C: Pimpla Fabricius species newly recorded to Colombia (in vivo—lateral view). A: Pimpla albomarginata Cameron; B: P. caerulea Brullé; C: P. sumichrasti Cresson. Scale bars = 5.00 mm.

FIGURES 2. A–M: Pimpla morphological structures. A–B: metasoma, dorsolateral view—arrows showing laterotergites V (modified from Díaz, 2000); C–G: ovipositor apex, lateral view (modified from Porter, 1970); H–K: tergite I, lateral view, female (modified from Porter, 1970); L–M: tergite I, lateral view, male (modified from Porter, 1970).

FIGURES 3. A–D: Other Pimpla Fabricius species recorded for the study area (in vivo - lateral view): A: P. azteca Cresson; B: P. croceipes Cresson; C: P. flavipennis (Enderlein); D: P. platysma (Porter). Scale bars = 5.00 mm.