Ctenomorpha Gray
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.173413 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620918 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A5787A7-FF98-2E4C-FE8A-2C05FBEFF473 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi (2016-04-04 12:51:08, last updated 2024-11-28 02:58:56) |
scientific name |
Ctenomorpha Gray |
status |
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Ctenomorpha Gray, 1833: 16 View in CoL , 27. Type species. Ctenomorpha marginipennis Gray, 1833 View in CoL , by subsequent designation of Kirby 1904: 388.
Ctenomorpha View in CoL ; Stål, 1875: 35, Kirby, 1904: 388, Karny, 1923: 240, Vickery, 1983: 9, Balderson et al 1998: 364, Otte & Brock 2005: 111.
Characteristics of the genus
Remarkably elongate phasmids, body length 134 mm to 300 mm in females, 91 mm to 198 mm in males. Rather variable in length, tuberculation and spination, within species. Head longer than wide, ocelli conspicuous in male. Pronotum similar in length to head. Mesonotum very elongate, 5 to 7 times length of pronotum, sparsely to heavily tuberculated. Metanotum short. Antennae long, exceeding length of fore femora. Legs very long and spiny, all femora with pair of short apical spines. Fore femora particularly serrate in female. Forewings elongate, leaflike. Hindwings fullsized (male), shorter than mid femora in females; preanal part of hindwings in female with conspicuous tessellated base, hindwings black and slightly tessellated to a varying degree; in male, wings uniform brown. Operculum elongate, reaching end of abdomen (male subgenital plate reaching about end of ninth abdominal segment). Cerci huge, several times longer than anal segment in female, shorter, but still leaflike in male [no other known Australian genera have such long, leaflike cerci in females].
Species included
C. gargantua View in CoL spec. nov., C. marginipennis Gray, 1833 View in CoL (= Phasma (Diura) chronus Gray, 1833 View in CoL , Acrophylla oxyacantha Redtenbacher, 1908 View in CoL , Acrophylla phyllocerca Redtenbacher, 1908 View in CoL , Acrophylla scutigera Redtenbacher, 1908 View in CoL and Ctenomorpha tasmanensis Redtenbacher, 1908 ), Phibalosoma caprella Westwood, 1859 , which is left as a doubtful Australian species (the holotype ♂ in OXUM is from Australia (?)), and requires placing in another genus. It has conspicuous lobed tarsi and may originate from New Guinea.
Species removed from Ctenomorpha View in CoL
1) Acrophylla aliena Redtenbacher, 1908: 456 , pl. 22: 3, 3a. This species was transferred to Ctenomorpha by Karny, 1923: 240, incorrectly attributed to Ctenomorphodes by Vickery, 1983: 5, hence returned to Ctenomorpha ( Brock, 1998: 13, Otte & Brock, 2005: 111). This species is here returned to its original genus i.e. Acrophylla aliena Redtenbacher, 1908 stat. rev. after lectotype designation: Lectotype ♂, Australia ‘New Holland’, Mus. Stuttgart (76 mm) (NHMW, No. 869), here designated. Paralectotype series: Ψ, Australia ‘New Holland’, Mus. Stuttgart (misidentified Ψ of Ctenomorpha marginipennis Gray , with larger wings than normal (200 mm) [cerci are broken off, but figured by Redtenbacher on plate 22: 3a, showing end of abdomen only]) (NHMW, No. 869), 3♂, Australia ‘New Holland’ (SMNS) [This lectotype designation shall guarantee the stability of the name. It is the specimen figured by Redtenbacher on plate 22: 3]. Redtenbacher was, perhaps, influenced by the larger than normal hindwings of the female (otherwise almost identical to species in NHMW he identified as chronus ) and the fact that it was with males from the Stuttgart collection, with the same data. The size difference alone makes a match extremely unlikely and when females of this species are traced, I would expect them to be in the region of 110 mm.
2) Based on careful checking of Gray’s brief descriptions (type (s) have not been traced) against nymphs and adults in collections (BMNH and P. Brock Coll. in particular), Ctenomorpha acheron Gray, 1834 is synonymised with Eurycnema goliath Gray, 1834 syn. nov., and Ctenomorpha macleayi Gray, 1835 is synonymised with Ctenomorphodes briareus Gray, 1834 syn. nov. (although specimens are on the small side at 80 mm (male) and 97 mm (female), briareus is very variable in size). After rechecking the faded holotype ♂ of Acrophylla salmacis Westwood, 1859 (BMNH), it is synonymised with Eurycnema osiris ( Gray, 1834) syn. nov.
3) Anchiale marmorata ( Redtenbacher, 1908) comb. nov. is transferred from Ctenomorpha (originally described in Acrophylla ). Redtenbacher described the holotype Ψ from New Guinea in the genus Acrophylla (MCSN) [the only nonAustralian species]; this and other species described as Acrophylla in Redtenbacher, were transferred to Ctenomorpha ( Karny, 1923) , but this species from New Guinea lacks large cerci amongst other differences and, in our view, belongs to Anchiale Stål, 1875 .
Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. & Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston W. W. K. & Wells A. (Eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456.
Brock, P. D. (1998) Catalogue of type specimens of Stick- and Leaf-insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen-Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 13 (5), 72 pp.
Gray, G. R. (1833) The Entomology of Australia in a Series of Monographs. Part 1. The monograph of the genus Phasma. Longman & Co., London, 28 pp. 8 pls
Gray G. R. (1834) Descriptions of several species of Australian Phasmata. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1, 45 - 46.
Gray, G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the Species of Insects Belonging to the Family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, London, 48 pp.
Karny H. H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Treubia, 3, 230 - 242.
Kirby, W. F. (1904) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. 1, Orthoptera, Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). Longman & Co, London.
Otte, D. & Brock, P. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of the Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp.
Redtenbacher J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 3. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. & Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908). Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27.
Stal, C. (1875) Recensio Orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linne, DeGeer et Thunberg. Vol. 3. P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm, 105 pp.
Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper. No. 20, 1 - 19.
Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1, Phasmidae. British Museum, London. 195 pp, 48 pls.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
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SubFamily |
Phasmatinae |
Ctenomorpha Gray
Hasenpusch, Jack & Brock, Paul D. 2006 |
Ctenomorpha
Otte 2005: 111 |
Balderson 1998: 364 |
Vickery 1983: 9 |
Karny 1923: 240 |
Kirby 1904: 388 |
Stal 1875: 35 |
Ctenomorpha
Kirby 1904: 388 |
Gray 1833: 16 |
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