Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch, 1892

C. B. Cameron, C. Deland & T. H. Bullock, 2010, A revision of the genus Saccoglossus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Harrimaniidae) with taxonomic descriptions of five new species from the Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 2483, pp. 1-22 : 2

Genus Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch, 1892

Dolichoglossus: Spengel, 1893

Type species. Saccoglossus kowalevskii ( Agassiz, 1873)

Diagnosis. Proboscis usually long; middorsal longitudinal groove may be present. Collar usually very short compared to proboscis. Dorsal interbranchial genital ridges and dorsal gonads absent but lateral extrabranchial genital ridges may be present. Intestinal pores often present. Perihaemal cavities always present. Peribuccal cavities usually present, but not always. Genus most importantly characterized by arrangement of longitudinal muscle fibers of proboscis in several concentric rings ( Fig. 2 A ). Many species favor quiet muddy-sandy flats not too far from the mouth of a bay, living in ‘permanent’ tubes and throwing up low conical mounds of quasi-spiral castings from the anus.

Remarks. The genus as revised above would now include the following species: S. apatensis Thomas, 1956 ; S. aulakoeis Thomas, 1968 ; S. bromophenolosus King, Giray & Kornfield, 1994 ; S. horsti Brambell & Goodhart, 1941 ; S. hwangtauensis (Si & Kwang-Chung, 1935) , S. inhacensis (Kapelin, 1936) , S. kowalevskii ( Agassiz, 1873) , S. madrasensis Rao, 1957 , S. mereschkowskii ( Wagner, 1885) , S. otagoensis ( Benham, 1895) , S. pusillus ( Ritter, 1902, 1929), S. ruber Tattersall, 1905 , and S. sulcatus ( Spengel, 1893) . S. cambrensis (Brambell, Rogers and Goodhart, 1939) , S. serpentinus (Assheton, 1908) and S. ruber ( Tattersall, 1905) are synonymous species from the United Kingdom ( Burdon-Jones, 1960) and so S. ruber takes precedence. S. ruber characteristics found in this article, including Table 1, are taken from the more comprehensive taxonomic treatment of Brambell, Rogers and Goodhart (1939). Five new species collected from the Eastern Pacific are described below.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Saccoglossus porochordus n. sp.: A, Proboscis with heartkidney complex. B, Heart-kidney complex. C, Proboscis neck. D, Anterior region of the collar. Inset: Dorsal collar nerve cord and crest. E, Posterior region of the collar. F, Collar canal. G, Dorsal groove of the collar. H, Anterior pharyngeal region of the trunk. a, axons; bs, branchial sac; bv, blood vessel; cb, cell bodies; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; dg, dorsal groove; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; mc, mucous cells; nc, nerve cord; ncc, nerve cord crest; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, periheamal diverticulum; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pp, proboscis pore; pv, proboscis vesicle; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; sp, skeletal plate; ss, skeletal spine; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vm, ventral mesentery. Scale bars A, D and F = 750 µm; B and C = 300 µm; D inset and E inset = 200 µm.