Tambinia Stal , 1859

Wang, Rong-rong & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2011, Taxonomic review of the genus Tambinia Stal (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) with descriptions of four new species from the Pacific region, ZooKeys 132, pp. 13-31 : 14-16

Genus Tambinia Stal, 1859

Tambinia Stål 1859: 316; Distant 1906: 276; Bierman 1910: 26; Muir 1931: 303; Metcalf 1954: 100; Liang and Jiang 2003. Type species Tambinia languida Stål by subsequent designation.

Ossa de Motschulsky, 1863: 106; Bierman 1910: 26.

Diagnostic characters.

Small-sized tropiduchids. Head (Figs 1 A–E) with eyes narrowed than pronotum, distinctly produced in front of eyes and apically rounded, usually strongly dorsoventrally depressed and distinctly flattened in lateral view. Vertex (Figs 1 A–E, 2-5A) tricarinate, disc of vertex (excluding median carina) depressed, posterior margin straight. Frons (Figs 2-5C) distinctly reclined caudad, somewhat flat and smooth, with or without median carina, rarely covered with sparsely microsetae. Clypeus triangular, relatively convex, with or without median carina, lateral margins not carinate. Rostrum short, not reaching mesotrochanters. Ocelli very small. Antennae with scape very small, pedicel cylindrical, covered with long setulae, sensory plaques present on top surface of pedical. Pronotum (Figs 2-5A) tricarinate, anterior margin straight and hind margin angulately excavate, with a single carina between eye and tegula. Mesonotum tricarinate. Hind titiae each with 2 distinct lateral spines; spinal formula of hind leg (4 –5)–(4–5)– 2; metatarsal segment II short and small. Forewings (Figs 1 A–E) with oblique nodal line, apical portion flexing ventrad at this line, basal portion somewhat sub-hyaline, with or without granulate, thicker than apical portion, costal cell without cross veins.

Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 2 F–H, 3E, 3G, 3H, 4 E–G, 5 F–H) symmetrical, dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal tube. Gonostylus (Figs 2F, 2H, 3E, 3G, 3H, 4E, 4G, 5F, 5H) elongate, bilaterally symmetrical, membranously fused with pygofer at base, with a conical, median process in ventral view, with a dorsally directed process arising from inner side near base and a laminate, inward directed, triangular process arising from inner side near middle. Periandrium (Figs 2F, 3E, 4E, 5F) dorsally connected with ventrobasal margin of anal tube, membranously fused with pygofer at ventral side, tube-like, distinctly sclerotized, surrounding aedeagus subapically or mesially, and visible in lateral view. Aedeagus (Figs 2F, 3E, 4E, 4F, 5F, 5G), asym metrical, elongate and tubular, shaft of aedeagus (Figs 2F, 3E, 4E, 4F, 5F, 5G) slender and elongate, tubular, and sinuate in lateral view, subapically or mesially embraced in periandrium, endosoma membranous, with or without spines.

Discussion.

The genus Tambinia comprises twenty-four species and is distributed in Oriental, Australasian and Afrotropical regions ( Distant 1906, 1916, Fennah 1956, 1970, 1982, Ghauri 1976, Matsumura 1914, Melichar 1914, Metcalf 1946, 1954, Muir 1931, Wilson 1986, Wilson and Malenovský 2007). The tropiduchid planthoppers are usually weak fliers and have poor ability for long-distance migration by themselves. So, we indicate that new species have formed through geographical isolation over the disjunct distribution of the genus across widely separated island groups.

In external appearance, the genus Tambinia is similar to the Oriental and Australasian genera Nesotaxila , Kallitaxila and Kallitambinia . These four genera form a distinct group within tribe Tambiniini . They can be distinguished from the other known genera in the tribe by the head relatively dorsoventrally depressed, produced in front of eyes, but not extreme produced into a linguiform prolongation, apex not broadly rounded to base of frons, and hind tibia with two lateral spines. The four genera can be distinguished as follows:

Check list of species of Tambinia Stål

Tambinia atrosignata Distant, 1906; Sri Lanka (Paradeniya).

Tambinia bizonata Matsumura, 1914; China (Taiwan), Japan.

Tambinia capitata Distant, 1906; Burma, Malay States, India.

Tambinia conus sp. n.; Papua New Guinea.

Tambinia debilis Stål, 1859; India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South China (Anhui Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Hainan Island, Hong Kong, Taiwan), Japan, Malacca, Malaysia, Singapore.

Tambinia exoleta Melichar, 1914; New Guinea (Moroka).

Tambinia fasciculosa Melichar, 1914; New Guinea (Moroka).

Tambinia guamensis Metcalf, 1946; Micronesia (Guam).

Tambinia inconspicua Distant, 1906; Burma.

Tambinia languida Stål, 1859; Sri Lanka.

Tambinia macula sp. n.; Malaysia (Borneo).

Tambinia menglunensis Men & Qin, 2009; China (Yunnan Province).

Tambinia pitho Fennah, 1970; Philippines.

Tambinia robustocarina sp. n.; Malaysia (Sabah).

Tambinia rubrolineata Liang, 2003; South China (Hainan Island), Laos, Vietnam.

Tambinia rubromaculata Distant, 1916; Sri Lanka.

Tambinia rufoornata Stål, 1859; Sri Lanka.

Tambinia sexmaculata sp. n.; Australia (Kuranda).

Tambinia similis Liang, 2003; Vietnam.

Tambinia sisyphus Fennah, 1956; Micronesia (Western Caroline Islands: Palau).

Tambinia theivora Fennah, 1982; Malaysia (Cameron Highlands).

Tambinia venusta (Kirkaldy, 1906); Australia (Queensland), New Guinea.

Tambinia verticalis Distant, 1916; India (Southern India, Coorg, Madras), Zanzibar, Tanga.

Tambinia zonata Muir, 1931; India (Madras).

Key to species of genus Tambinia