Coniopterygidae

Sarmiento-Cordero, Mariza Araceli & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2019, Two new species and a key to the dustywings of Mexico (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae), Zootaxa 4671 (1), pp. 551-563 : 558-561

Key to adult males of Coniopterygidae from Mexico (modified from Sziráki 2011).

1. Abdomen with plicaturae, only lateral plicaturae present on the abdominal sternites ( Fig. 1B; Meinander 1972, fig. 16C; Johnson 1977, fig. 4)… Aleuropteryginae ...................................................................... 2

1’. Abdomen without plicaturae… Coniopteryginae ............................................................ 11

2. Hindwing with Radial cross-vein bit R 2+3 ( Meinander 1972, figs. 88E, 89G; Johnson 1977, fig. 3); wings in some cases shortened or absent… Fontenelleini ........................................................................... 3

2’. Hindwing with Radial cross-vein bit the stem or fork of Rs ( Meinander 1972, fig. 13D); wings normally developed… Aleuropterygini … Aleuropteryx … ............................................................................... 7............................................................................ Bidesmida morrisoni Johnson

3’. Sternite 7 of males without plicaturae ( Fig. 1B; Meinander 1972, fig. 88A); M thickened at the base of seta in the forewing ( Meinander 1972, fig. 88E); sternite 8 of males unsclerotized; parameres not fused with ectoprocts, but fused with the styli ( Figs. 1L, 1M; Meinander 1972, fig. 86A)… Neoconis ........................................................ 4

4. Forewing membrane hyaline along margin ( Meinander 1972, fig. 88E); ninth abdominal segment with prominent spines ( Meinander 1972, fig. 88B)........................................................ Neoconis inexpectata Meinander

4’. Forewing membrane with dark spots between longitudinal veins along distal edge of the wing ( Fig. 1B; Meinander 1972, fig. 89G; Monserrat 1985, fig. 1); ninth abdominal segment with one or three spines ( Figs. 1J, I, K; Monserrat 1985, fig. 2).... 5

5. Ninth abdominal segment with short apophyses with prominent spines ( Monserrat 1985, fig. 2)... Neoconis unam Monserrat

5’. Ninth abdominal segment without apophyses ( Fig. 1K; Meinander 1972, fig. 89B)................................. 6

6. Styli a dorsal long bar and a shorter ventral one, medially connected by a narrow bridge ( Meinander 1972, fig. 89F); an apparent narrow bridge connects dorsal rods of styli above penis ( Meinander 1972, fig. 89E)........ Neoconis marginata Meinander

6’. Styli undivided, with a small median protuberance, apically hooked in lateral view ( Figs. 1K, M); styli appearing connected ventrally to distal end of parameres ( Figs. 1L, M).......................................... Neoconis szirakii sp. n.

7. Penis ending in a single spine ( Meinander 1972, fig. 16F)........................... Aleuropteryx unicolor Meinander

7’. Penis ending in two or three spines ( Fig. 3C; Meinander 1972, figs. 13C, 14D).................................... 8

8. Penis ending in two short spines ( Meinander 1972, fig. 14C; Meinander 1974, fig. 3B); apohyses of ninth sternite long and slen- der ( Meinander 1972, fig. 14D), if apophyses are short, they are slightly curved inwards in ventral view ( Fig. 3C; Meinander 1974, figs. 2B, 3B).................................................................................... 9

8’. Penis ending in three spines ( Meinander 1972, fig. 13C); apohyses of ninth sternite short and straight in ventral view ( Fig. 3C; Meinander 1972, fig. 13C)................................................ Aleuropteryx maculipennis Meinander

9. Two short spines of penis situated side by side ( Fig. 3E; Meinander 1972, fig. 14C)....... Aleuropteryx simillima Meinander

9’. One spine of penis situated above the other ( Meinander 1974, fig. 2A).......................................... 10

10. Spines of penis directed caudally in lateral view ( Meinander 1974, fig. 3C); wing membrane distinctly spotted ( Meinander 1974, fig. 3D).............................................................. Aleuropteryx punctata Meinander

10’. Spines of penis directed upwards in lateral view ( Meinander 1974, fig. 2A); wing membrane without spots, unicolored grey ( Meinander 1974, fig. 2D).................................................. Aleuropteryx longipennis Meinander

11. M of hindwing unforked ( Fig. 2A; Meinander 1972, fig. 166A)… Coniopteryx .................................... 12

11’. M of hindwing forked ( Meinander 1972, fig. 214E; Meinander 1974, fig. 13A)................................... 25

12. Gonarcus and hypandrium separated ( Meinander 1972, figs. 128A, 168B)....................................... 13

12’. Gonarcus and hypandrium synscleritous ( Fig. 2D; Meinander 1972, fig. 149A; Meinander 1975, fig. 2A)… C. (Scotoconiopteryx).............................................................................................. 14

13. Stylus arising from the caudal end of gonarcus ( Meinander 1972, figs. 163A, 166A); flagellomeres with scale-like hairs (except in C. delta ) ( Meinander 1972, figs. 165A, 166D; Johnson 1977, fig. 1F)… C. ( Coniopteryx s. str.)..................... 16

13’. Stylus arising well before the caudal end of gonarcus ( Meinander 1972, figs. 128A, 129A); flagellomeres (in Mexican species) without scale-like hairs ( Meinander 1972, fig. 129F)... C. ( Xeroconiopteryx )… Coniopteryx diversicornis group.......... 23

14. Tips of processus terminalis on both sides of the median incision long, narrow and pointed ( Fig. 2G; Meinander 1972, figs. 149A, E)........................................................................................... 15

14’. Tips of processus terminalis on both sides of the median incision more or less broad, short and fairly blunt ( Meinander 1975, figs. 2A, C)................................................................ Coniopteryx (S.) flinti Meinander

15. Distal end of paramere abruptly bent downward in lateral view ( Meinander 1972, fig. 149C)............................................................................................... Coniopteryx (S.) isthmicola Meinander

15’. Distal end of paramere directed caudally in lateral view ( Figs. 2C, D) ...................... Coniopteryx (S.) josephus sp. n.

16. Segment four (some cases also segment three) of maxillary palpi modified ( Fig. 4C); frons modified with projections with bristles ( Meinander 1972, fig. 166F)........................................... Coniopteryx westwoodi group…17

16’. Segments of maxillary palpi not modified; frons without any modifications … Coniopteryx tineiformis group.............20

17. Ventral line of hypandrium together with the processus terminalis straight in lateral view ( Meinander 1972, fig. 163A).................................................................................. Coniopteryx (C.) fitchi Banks

17’. Ventral line of hypandrium distinctly bent upwards ( Fig. 4D; Meinander 1972, fig. 166A)........................... 18

18. Third segment of maxillary palpi with a large, forwards directed thorn ( Fig. 4C; Meinander 1972, fig. 166F).................................................................................... Coniopteryx (C.) palpalis Meinander

18’. Third segment of maxillary palpi without forwards directed thorn.............................................. 19

19. Ventral part of processus apicalis hooky and sharp ( Fig. 5B; Meinander 1972, fig. 168E)...................................................................................................... Coniopteryx (C.) westwoodi (Fitch)

19’. Ventral part of processus apicalis blunt, with an inwards directed dentiform projection ( Meinander 1974, figs. 10B, 10C)......................................................................... Coniopteryx (C.) mexicana Meinander

20. Most antennal segments with scale-like hairs ( Meinander 1972, fig. 162F)....................................... 21

20’. Antenal segments without scale-like hairs ( Johnson 1981, fig. 1F)....................... Coniopteryx (C.) delta Johnson

21. Anterior apodema of hypandrium ventrally complete, and curving backwards as far as the median incision ( Meinander 1972, fig. 165B), or it has a backwards directed median branch ( Meinander 1972, fig. 167D)............................. 22

21’. Anterior apodema of hypandrium often incomplete, and not curving backwards as far as median incision, without a backwards directed median branch ( Meinander 1972, fig. 162C)........................... Coniopteryx (C.) callangana Enderlein

22’. Median incision of processus terminalis moderately wide, V-shaped ( Meinander 1972, fig. 165C).............................................................................................. Coniopteryx (C.) minuta Meinander

23. Gonarcus long ( Fig. 5D; Meinander 1972, fig. 128B); tips of processus terminalis pointed on both sides of the median incision ( Fig. 5D; Meinander 1972, fig. 128D)..................................... Coniopteryx (X.) diversicornis Meinander

23’. Gonarcus short ( Meinander 1972, fig. 129B; Johnson 1981, fig. 4B); tips of processus terminalis very small or absent.... 24

24. A short processus terminalis of hypandrium present, with a narrow V-shaped median incision ( Johnson 1981, fig. 4C)............................................................................ Coniopteryx (X.) meinanderi Johnson

24’. Processus terminalis of hypandrium absent, consequently median incision also absent ( Meinander 1972, figs. 129A, C)............................................................................. Coniopteryx (X.) texana Meinander

25. Cross-vein M-Cu1 of both wings at right angle ( Meinander 1972, figs. 182G, 191E), striking the stem of M well before its fork, at least in forewing ( Meinander 1972, fig. 192E)........................................................... 26

25’. Cross-vein M-Cu1 of both wings oblique, striking the branch M 3+4 or the fork of M ( Meinander 1972, fig. 214E; Meinander 1980, fig. 11F) Semidalis .............................................................................. 27

26. Hindwing shortened or not shortened ( Meinander 1972, fig. 192E), in latter case Rs originates at the middle of this wing ( Meinander 1972, fig. 191E); ectoprocts ventrally with large digit-like outer processes ( Meinander 1972, fig. 192B) Conwentzia .. .................................................................................................. 40

26’. Hindwing normally developed, Rs originates basally of the middle of this wing ( Fig. 6A; Meinander 1972, fig. 182G); ectoprocts without outer processes ( Fig. 6B; Meinander 1972, fig. 182A)… Parasemidalis ( Parasemidalis s. str.)................................................................................... Parasemidalis (P.) fuscipennis (Reuter)

27. Middle or distal part of paramere much wider than proximal part (apart from the possible club of the latter); wide part plate-like or lobiform, or divided into hooks or broad teeth ( Meinander 1972, figs. 209B, 218B; Johnson 1980, fig. 7D)........... 28

27’. Paramere not or only moderately widened distally; when widened, not plate-like or lobiform, but swollen; in Mexican species divided into narrow and, at least partly, acute branches running caudally or dorso-caudally ( Meinander 1972, fig. 214C; Meinander 1975, fig. 3G; Monserrat 1985, fig. 18) … Semidalis boliviensis group...................................... 29

28. Widened part of paramere (before the hooked ending) rectangular and situated dorsally ( Meinander 1972, fig. 209B); hypandrium (in Mexican species) caudally terminating in a long spine ( Meinander 1972, fig. 209A)… Semidalis angusta group................................................................................... Semidalis angusta (Banks)

28’. Widened part of paramere not rectangular or trapezoid ( Meinander 1972, figs. 217C, 218B); hypandrium in most instances without distinct long spine ( Meinander 1972, fig. 218A; Meinander 1975, fig. 4A)… Semidalis aleyrodiformis group..... 35

29. Paramere slightly swollen distally; distal end consists of a dorso-caudally directed acute thorn, a caudally directed, slightly obtuse tooth and a dorso-caudally directed membranous branch ( Meinander 1972, figs. 214B, C)................................................................................................ Semidalis boliviensis (Enderlein)

29’. Paramere slender, distally divided into acute branches ( Meinander 1972, fig. 216B; Meinander 1980, fig. 11D; Monserrat 1985, fig. 18)............................................................................................ 30

30. Ectoproct with well-developed caudal projection directed inwards and/or backwards ( Monserrat 1985, figs. 9, 16, 17).... 31

30’. Ectoproct without distinct caudal projection ( Fig. 7D; Meinander 1972, fig. 216A; Meinander 1975, fig. 3A)........... 33

31. Caudal projection of ectoproct an acute hook ( Monserrat 1985, figs. 15, 17)...................................... 32

31’. Caudal projection of ectoproct a long, duplicate spine ( Monserrat 1985, fig. 9)................. Semidalis soleri Monserrat

32. A short dorsal branch anterior to the forked main branch of the distal part of paramere ( Meinander 1980, fig. 11D)................................................................................. Semidalis manausensis Meinander

32’. No dorsal branch anterior to the forked main branch of the distal part of paramere ( Monserrat 1985, fig. 18)....................................................................................... Semidalis problematica Monserrat

33. Processus terminalis of hypandrium rounded conic and snouted, with a minute median incision ( Meinander 1972, figs. 216A, D)......................................................................... Semidalis mexicana Meinander

33’. Processus terminalis of hypandrium tapering tongue-like ( Fig. 7E; Meinander 1975, figs. 3A, E)..................... 34

34. Median incision of processus terminalis of hypandrium deep V-shaped ( Fig. 7E; Meinander 1975, fig. 3D)....... Semidalis hidalgoana Meinander

34’. Median incision of processus terminalis of hypandrium shallow ( Meinander 1975, fig. 3E)... Semidalis sonorana Meinander

35. Paramere swollen distally, expansion of distal part oviform ( Meinander 1972, fig. 210B; Meinander 1972, fig. 218B; Johnson 1980, fig. 7D).................................................................................. ……..36

35’. Paramere slender distally, distal part only slightly wider than proximal one ( Meinander 1972, fig. 217C; Meinander 1974, fig. 13D).............................................................................................. 39

36. Uncini fused into a single transverse plate ( Meinander 1972, figs. 210A, C; Johnson 1980, figs. 7E, F)................ 37

36’. Uncini not fused, long or claw-like in lateral view (in Mexican species) ( Meinander 1972, fig. 218B; Meinander 1975, fig. 4C)............................................................................................... 38

37. Paramere apically with one upwards directed hook terminally and one backwards directed hook in the middle ( Fig. 7B; Meinander 1972, figs. 210B)......................................................... Semidalis arnaudi Meinander

37’. Paramere apically with a deep dorsal incision formed by body of paramere and dorsally directed hook terminally, and a large dorsally directed spine in the middle (Johnson 1980, fig. 7D).............................. Semidalis tricornis Johnson

38. Widened part of paramere with a proximal hook or spine ( Meinander 1972, fig. 218B).......... Semidalis flinti Meinander

38’. Widened part of paramere without a proximal hook or spine ( Meinander 1975, fig. 4C)................................................................................................ Semidalis frommeri sensu Meinander 1975

39’. Preapical tooth of distal part of paramere absent, the apical one is minute in lateral view ( Meinander 1974, fig. 12D).................................................................................... Semidalis deserta Meinander

40. Hindwing normally developed ( Fig. 6C; Meinander 1972, fig. 191E); outer process of ectoprocts short and blunt, about twice as broad as long ( Fig. 6D; Meinander 1972, figs. 191A, B, C); tips of parameres parallel, close to each other in caudal view ( Fig. 6D; Meinander 1972, fig. 191B)................................................... Conwentzia barretti (Banks)

40’. Hindwing shortened or reduced ( Meinander 1972, fig. 192E); outer process of ectoprocts tapering, about as long as breadth at base ( Meinander 1972, figs. 192A, B); tips of parameres diverging in caudal view ( Meinander 1972, fig. 192C)................................................................................... Conwentzia californica Meinander