Microhylidae Günther, 1858

Taucce, Pedro P. G., Costa-Campos, Carlos Eduardo, Carvalho, Thiago R. & Michalski, Fernanda, 2022, Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps, European Journal of Taxonomy 836, pp. 96-130 : 118

Family Microhylidae Günther, 1858

The only species of the genus Elachistocleis known to occur in the state of Amapá is Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 ( Jowers et al. 2021). We considered the record of Elachistocleis sp. from Pereira-Júnior et al. (2013) to be E. helianneae based on the distribution and the overall morphology of the specimens (Costa-Campos, pers. obs.) and calls ( Marinho et al. 2018).

Fouquet et al. (2021b) showed in their integrative study that Otophryne pyburni is probably restricted to the western portion of the Guiana Shield, and that the populations of Otophryne inhabiting French Guiana and the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará belong to an unconfirmed candidate species related to Otophryne robusta Boulenger, 1900 . Therefore, we chose to consider the records of O. pyburni in Amapá as O. cf. robusta until more studies arise to evaluate its taxonomic status, confirming or contradicting this candidate species.

Synapturanus zombie Fouquet, Leblanc, Fabre, Rodrigues, Menin, Courtois, Dewynter, Hölting, Ernst, Peloso & Kok, 2021 was recently described from French Guiana with one population recorded in the municipality of Oiapoque, northern Amapá (locality 46, Fig. 10 ) and a second potential population in the upper Rio Calçoene (2.3734° N, 51.3782° W; Fouquet et al. 2021a). We did not add this locality to the map because of the uncertainty on the population identity according to the original publication. We have found records of Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi Nelson & Lescure, 1975 from three localities in the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park (localities 5–7; Lima 2008). The two species have previously been confused with each other and have close distribution ranges, with one of the records from Tumucumaque (locality 5) very close to the Mitaraka massif , French Guiana, one of the localities with known populations of S. mirandaribeiroi (Fouquet et al. 2021) . We then consider the records from the Tumucumaque Park ( Lima 2008) as S. mirandaribeiroi , but we are aware that some of these records may actually be S. zombie Fouquet, Leblanc, Fabre, Rodrigues, Menin, Courtois, Dewynter, Hölting, Ernst, Peloso & Kok, 2021 . Finally, we have an unvouchered record of S. zombie from the municipality of Serra do Navio, with only a picture ( Fig. 9G ). Although the picture is slightly out of focus, it is possible to see one important diagnostic character distinguishing this species from S. mirandaribeiroi : the dorsum with numerous orange spots and blotches (dorsum with diffuse mottled pattern in S. mirandaribeiroi ). Therefore, we consider the photograph-based record of S. zombie in Serra do Navio, extending the distribution of this species to the central portion of Amapá, more than 250 km southeast from its type locality (Itoupé, French Guiana; 3.0230° N, 53.0955° W).

Figures

Fig. 10. Localities showing distribution records of anuran species through the biomes within the state of Amapá. Localities 1 to 19 are from species checklists (light gray circles), whereas the remaining ones (20 to 48, dark gray squares) represent punctual records.

Fig. 9. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Scinax proboscideus (Brongersma, 1933). B.Scinax ruber(Laurenti, 1768).C.Scinax ruberoculatus (Ferrão,Fraga, Moravec,Kaefer&Lima, 2018). D. Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824). E. Sphaenorhynchus carneus (Cope, 1868). F. Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800). G. Synapturanus zombie Fouquet, Leblanc, Fabre, Rodrigues, Menin, Courtois, Dewynter, Hölting, Ernst, Peloso & Kok, 2021. H. Trachycephalus hadroceps (Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992). I. Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758). J. Vitreorana ritae (Lutz, 1952). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.