Hoploscopa Meyrick, 1886
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DBF339E5-EBBC-4619-9438-8359C769473F |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32794D66-3A52-5E4F-937B-1F932F002558 |
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scientific name |
Hoploscopa Meyrick, 1886 |
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Haploscopa Hampson, 1897: 223.
Syncrotaula Meyrick, 1933: 378. Type species Eudorina aurantiacalis Snellen, 1895, by subsequent designation (for Eudorina Snellen, 1895) by Joannis, 1930.
Type species.
Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick, 1886, by monotypy.
Diagnosis.
Hoploscopa displays brown to dark brown forewings, often bearing pale yellow-, yellow-, or red-coloured median and postmedian diagonal stripes. In male genitalia, the uncus is well developed, the gnathos forms a ribbon-like structure, often with a posterior projection, and the vinculum bears laterally a pair of coremata. In female genitalia, the antrum is short, often sclerotised, and the corpus bursae bears a thorn, often with a basal sclerotisation. Hoploscopa is morphologically very similar to Perimeceta . The forewings of Perimeceta are slightly larger, display a yellow to brown ground colour, with one basal elliptic and one postmedian lunule-shaped white spot. In male genitalia, Perimeceta shows a spade-shaped uncus, the gnathos arms connect shortly after arising and are expanded posteriorly into an elongated tip, the valva shows a conspicuously rounded ventral margin, and is apically narrowed into a tip, while the ventral margin is more or less straight in Hoploscopa . Perimeceta exhibits female genitalia similar to those of Hoploscopa with a slender ductus bursae and a rounded corpus bursa bearing a thorn. However, the latter displays a membranous antrum in female genitalia, while it is sclerotised in most species of Hoploscopa .
Description.
Head. Antennae dorsally with pale yellow to brown scales. Ocelli absent. Frons slightly produced, rounded. Proboscis basally white to brown scaled. Maxillary palpi brown to dark brown, first segment pale yellow, inner side brown to pale yellow. Labial palpi porrect, 2-2.9 × diameter of compound eye, brown, white to pale yellow at base, inner side brown to pale yellow.
Thorax (Figs 1 View Figures 1–3 - 45 View Figures 34–45 ). Collar white to pale yellow. Frenulum simple in ♂, triple in ♀. Forewing length 7-13 mm, 2.4-2.9 × maximal width, females slightly larger than males. Wing venation (Fig. 2 View Figures 1–3 ): R1 not connected to Sc; R2, R3 and R4 stalked together; R5 free, arising from upper corner of cell; M1, M2 not stalked; M3 arising from lower corner of cell; CuA1 arising below lower corner; CuA2 at distal 1/3 of cell; 1A+2A arising from cell base; Hindwing Sc+R1 connected to Rs at distal 1/3; M1 connected to Sc+R1 by short vein; cell closed; M2, M3 and CuA1 arising at lower angle of cell; CuA2 arising at middle of cell; 1A, 2A, 3A free. Forewing ground colour brown to dark brown, markings white, yellow or red colour. The pattern elements can be described as follows (Fig. 3 View Figures 1–3 ):
cf costal field stretched along costa up to postmedian area;
bs basal streak small, weakly or not marked;
bp basal patch often quadrangular, ill-defined;
pds and dds proximal and distal discoidal stigmata along costal field;
mds the median discoidal stigma trapezoid, with costal edge longer than dorsal one;
mcp and mdp median cubital patch and median dorsal patch in line with median discoidal stigma, often forming together a Y-shape pattern;
pmp postmedian patch roughly triangular, narrowing at costa;
pml postmedian line running from costa to middle of dorsum, often barely marked, mostly visible close to costa;
pma postmedian area often suffused to a various extend with white, yellow or red;
sbl subterminal line running from costa close to apex towards dorsum, often incurved inwards at CuA2;
sbf subterminal field more or less suffused with brown, red or yellow.
The margin is brown, in some species with spots, fringe unicoloured or chequered.
Hindwing upper side pale yellow to pale brown; underside pale yellow, with brown markings on costa and subterminal line toward costa; males of some species with androconial organ on the upper side at dorsum, consisting of upright scales along CuA2 and 1A veins and a protruded margin between CuA2 and 1A, bearing a patch of greyish scales. Forelegs brown to dark brown. Midlegs with femur brown, tibia and tarsi often pale yellow, speckled with brown. Hindlegs pale yellow on inner side, pale yellow to brown on outer side, tarsi bronze to pale brown.
Tympanal organs (Figs 83-84 View Figures 82–86 ).
tb Tympanic bridge deeply divided in the centre;
td Tympanic drum (Fig. 50 View Figures 46–51 ) ovoid, antero-ventrally semi-closed, posteriorly not reaching transverse ridge;
tdp Tympanic depressions broad, opened ventrally;
tm Tympanum subtriangular;
tr Transverse ridge ( “”) not sclerotised.
Abdomen. Pale brown to brown. In males, sternum A8 more or less broadly indented, in some species with short, rounded lateral projections (Figs 85 View Figures 82–86 , 86 View Figures 82–86 ).
Male genitalia (Figs 46 View Figures 46–51 - 82 View Figures 82–86 ).
c cornutus on phallus elongated, flat, spatula-shaped, except otherwise mentioned;
de ductus ejaculatorius;
g Gnathos arms (Fig. 54 View Figures 52–57 ) originating from the dorsal part of tegumen, forming ring, with or without dorso-median extension;
jx Juxta basally wide with anterior margin rounded to quadrangular, narrowing at basal 1/4;
s saccus triangular to quadrangular, pointing dorsally;
ta Tegumen arms anteriorly sclerotised, with edge marked, posteriorly membranous; dorsally fused into a bridge of various width, articulated or fused to uncus base;
uc Uncus well-developed, densely haired apically;
v Valva elongated, hairy, sclerotised, with strongly sclerotised dorsal edge;
vc Vinculum U-shaped in posterior view, dorso-laterally on each side with anterior projection bearing brush-shaped coremata.
Female genitalia (Figs 87 View Figures 87–90 - 122 View Figures 119–122 ).
aa Anterior apophyses (Fig. 88 View Figures 87–90 ) bluntly angled at posterior 1/3, bent ventrad;
at Antrum sclerotised or membranous;
cb Corpus bursae globular or ovoid, its membrane with a reticulate structure;
cs Broad sclerotisation of the corpus bursae;
db Ductus bursae membranous with longitudinal wrinkles, variable in length and shape;
pa Posterior apophyses slender, straight, directed posterad except otherwise mentioned;
pp Papillae anales thin in lateral view, dorsally and ventrally connected, setose;
segm. VIII Segment VIII faintly sclerotised, ventrally membranous; setae scattered across segment, more densely concentrated on posterior margin;
t thorn on corpus bursae large, sclerotised, inwardly projecting, its base slighly extending outwards into a small sclerotised protuberance.
Distribution.
Hoploscopa is found from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra in the West to the Samoa Islands in the East, as well as from the North of Thailand to Vanuatu and Fiji in the South. It is absent from Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. It is predominantly found in tropical mountain forests, with only few species encountered in the lowlands.
Biology.
Host plant data is available for five Hoploscopa species, all feeding on ferns. The larvae of H. gombongi sp. nov., H. obliqua and H. tonsepi sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea are reported from Diplazium esculentum (Retzius in Retzius & König, 1791) Swartz, 1803 ( Athyriaceae ) ( Miller et al. 2015, Mally et al. 2017). Another undescribed Hoploscopa species (sample USNM_ENT_00739239) from Papua New Guinea is reported from Sphaerostephanos unitus (Linnaeus, 1759) Holttum, 1794 ( Thelypteridaceae ) (ibid). Lastly, one undescribed Hoploscopa species from Borneo is reported from the fern Dicranopteris linearis (Burman, 1768) Underwood, 1907 ( Gleicheniaceae ) ( Mally et al. 2017).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.