Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833

Łukowiak, Magdalena, 2015, Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record, Zootaxa 3917 (1), pp. 1-65 : 37

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108603
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F-1B04-295F-7ED9-C635F075F87B
treatment provided by	Plazi (2016-04-18 11:19:33, last updated 2024-11-26 03:21:24)
scientific name	Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833
status

Treatment

Family Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833

Among poecilosclerid spicules one very characteristic spicule can be undoubtedly assigned to the Recent raspailiid genus Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870 ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 O). This triod with one longer, slightly sculptured, about 200 µm long acanthose clad is identical (both in morphology and size) with the spicules occurring in the Recent raspailiids. It most probably belong to the species Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912 (compare with Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 B) that currently inhabits shallow Australian waters ( Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994). The other three species of Trikentrion are known from West Africa ( Ehlers 1870), Gulf of California ( Dickinson 1945), and Indonesia ( Carter 1882; Hallmann 1914; Hooper 1991). Other spicules that occur in this species—style megascleres of two size categories and choanosomal oxeas—are not characteristic enough to distinguish them from other studied monaxial spicules. There is also another, very similar, sister genus within the family Raspailiidae— Cyamon Gray, 1867a that has spicules of very similar morphology but contrary to Trikentrion , triacts (or diacts) of Cyamon have all, or at least more than one, clads acanthose; thus, the Eocene spicules undoubtedly belong to Trikentrion flabelliforme .

The species Trikentrion flabelliforme was not reported from the fossil record so far.

References

Carter, H. J. (1882) New Sponges, Observations on old ones, and a proposed New Group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 10 (55), 106 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459681

Dickinson, M. G. (1945) Sponges of the Gulf of California. In: Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940. The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, pp. 1 - 55.

Ehlers, E. (1870) Die Esper'schen Spongien in der zoologischen Sammlung der K. Universitat Erlangen, E. Th. Jacob, Erlangen, 36 pp.

Gray, J. E. (1867 a) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558.

Hallmann, E. F. (1914) A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's ' Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum'. Part I, II, III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 39, 263 - 315, 327 - 376, 398 - 446.

Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85325

Hooper, J. N. A. & Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Porifera. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 12. CSIRO, Melbourne, 624 pp.

Nardo, G. D. (1833) Auszug aus einem neuen System der Spongiarien, wonach bereits die Aufstellung in der Universitats- Sammlung zu Padua gemacht ist. In: Isis, oder Encyclopadische Zeitung Coll. Oken, Jena, pp. 519 - 523.

Figures

FIGURE 21. Spicules of sponges of the order Poecilosclerida; A, B—Punctated oxeas of Histodermella australis Dendy, 1924, family Coelosphaeridae; C, D—Acanthoxeas of Histodermella sp., family Coelosphaeridae; E – H—Different types of acantooxeas of the order Poecilosclerida; I—Isochelae microsclere of the order Poecilosclerida; J, K—Sigma microscleres of the order Poecilosclerida; L, M—Tylotes of the order Poecilosclerida; N—Cladotylote of Acarnus sp., family Acarnidae (not complete); O—Triod of Trikentrion flabelliforme, family Raspailiidae.

FIGURE 22. Spicules of recent peocilosclerid sponges; A—Punctated oxea of Histodermella australis (after van Soest 2002); B—Acanthorhasbds of Rhabdeurypon spinosum (after Hooper 2002 b); C—Triod of Trikentrion flabelliforme (after Hooper 2002 b); D—Acanthorhabds of Crellastrina alecto (from van Soest 2002 b after Topsent 1904).