Anthroleucosomatidae Verhoeff, 1899

Ćurčić, Bo Ž Idar P. M., Makarov, Slobodan E., Tomić, Vladimir T., Mitić, Bojan M., Ćurčić, Srećko B., Dudić, Boris D., Lu, Luka R., Ić, Č & Jasnić, Nebojša, 2008, On a new genus of endemic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Anthroleucosomatidae) from the Balkan Peninsula, Zootaxa 1743, pp. 1-16 : 12-15

Key to the Anthroleucosomatidae Verhoeff, 1899 genera and species.

1 Body with 25 pleurotergites + telson; body size <4.00 mm ......................................................................... ......................................................... Leschius Shear and Leonard, 2004; L. mcallisteri Shear and Leonard

- Body with more than 25 pleurotergites + telson; body size> 4.00............................................................2

2 Body with 27 pleurotergites + telson ............................................................. Ghilarovia Gulička, 1972 (3)

- Body with more than 27 pleurotergites + telson ........................................................................................ 4

3 Both apical lobes of sternal process of anterior gonopods depress laterally, almost touch each other; poste- rior acute lamella of lateral parts of anterior gonopods long, reaching top of sternal process; height and width of anterior triangular lamella of posterior gonopods almost the same ( Fig. 16 k) .. G. kygae Gulička

- Both apical lobes of sternal process of anterior gonopods widely separated ( Fig. 14 a); posterior acute lamella of lateral parts of anterior gonopods short, not reaching top of sternal process ( Fig. 15 f); anterior triangular lamella of posterior gonopods wider than high ......................................... G. novosibirica Shear

4 Body with 29 pleurotergites + telson...........................................................................................................5

- Body with 30 pleurotergites + telson ................................. Persedicus Mauriès, 1982 ; P. m a r t e n s i Mauriès

5 Posterior gonopods with only two processes (coxites), with or without telopodite remnant......................6

- Posterior gonopods with more than two processes......................................................................................9

6 Posterior gonopods without telopodite ................................................ Camptogona (Brölemann, 1903) (7)

- Posterior gonopods with telopodite remnant ............................................... Bulgardicus Strasser, 1960 (8)

7 Apical part of posterior gonopods bent laterally; claw-like branch of anterior gonopods arising near the top of the lateral process of anterior gonopods ( Fig. 15 g) .................................. C. duboscqui (Brölemann)

- Apical part of posterior gonopods straight, plate-like; claw-like branch of anterior gonopods arising near the middle part of the lateral process of anterior gonopods ........................................ C. delamarei Mauriès

8 Posterior gonopods without internal membranous prolongations; coxites of posterior gonopods not divided into two branches ............................................................................................ B. tranteevi Strasser

- Posterior gonopods with internal membranous prolongations; coxites of posterior gonopods divided into two branches ............................................................................... B. bucarestensis Tabacaru and Giurginca

9 Posterior gonopods with one or two sternal processes.............................................................................10

- Posterior gonopods without sternal processes...........................................................................................13

10 Posterior gonopods with one sternal process............................................................................................11

- Posterior gonopods with two sternal processes ..................... Stygiosoma Gulička, 1967 ; S. beroni Gulička

11 Lateral parts of anterior gonopods elongated ( Fig. 14 e). Sternal process of posterior gonopods simple ( Fig. 16 l); internal sac-like coxal processes of posterior gonopods present; telopodite of posterior gonopods four-articled ................................................................ Dacosoma Tabacaru, 1967 ; D. motasi Tabacaru

- Lateral parts of anterior gonopods rounded. Apical part of sternal process of posterior gonopods with two lateral membranes; sac-like coxal process of posterior gonopods absent; telopodite of posterior gonopods two- or three-articled ( Fig. 16 m) ..................................................... Anthroleucosoma Verhoeff, 1899 (12)

12 In adult males leg-pairs 3–7 not modified; lateral processes of anterior gonopods shorter than width of base of anterior gonopods ......................................................................................... A. banaticum Verhoeff

- In adult males leg-pairs 3–7 modified; lateral processes of anterior gonopods longer than width of base of anterior gonopods ........................................................................................................... A. spelaeum Ceuca

13 Anterior gonopods with unpaired elongated syncoxite on caudal side ( Fig. 15 h) and with unpaired central process connected with syncoxite ( Fig. 15 i)..............................................................................................30

- Anterior gonopods without unpaired elongated syncoxite on caudal side connecting with unpaired central process.......................................................................................................................................................14

14 Anterior gonopods on oral side with one anterior central bifid element at the tip ( Fig. 14 b); coxites of posterior gonopods with three coxal processes ( Fig. 16 n,k); telopodites of posterior gonopods two-segmented, elongate and covered with numerous setae; coxae of legs XX–XXVIII with mesal knobs............ ............................................................................................. Alloiopus Attems, 1951 ; A. solitarius Attems

- Anterior gonopods on oral side without anterior central bifid elements; coxites of posterior gonopods never with three coxal processes; telopodites of posterior gonopods small, rounded, vestigial or even missing (with or without a few minute setae); coxae of legs XX–XXVIII without mesal knobs............15

15 Posterior gonopods with sac-like membranous coxites and with two long and slender coxal processes; telopodites of posterior gonopods reduced to one or two articles.............................................................16

- Posterior gonopods without sac-like coxites and without long and slender coxal processes; telopodites of posterior gonopods mostly reduced as dark spot or missing, but in a few cases lobe-like remnants are present.......................................................................................................................................................17

16 Anterior gonopods with large rounded anterior sternal sac ( Fig. 14 c); both lateral parts of anterior gonopods rounded; coxites of posterior gonopods connecting basally; leg-pairs 11 with coxal hooks.................. ................................................................................. Adshardicus Golovatch, 1981 ; A. strasseri Golovatch

- Anterior gonopods with small pointed anterior sternal sac; lateral parts of anterior gonopods elongated, not rounded; coxites ( Fig. 16 t) of posterior gonopods without connections; leg-pairs 11 without coxal hook .......................................................................... Caucaseuma Strasser, 1970 ; C. lohmanderi Strasser

17 Posterior gonopods with colpocoxites ( Fig. 16 r) and angiocoxites ( Fig. 16 p) and with or without telopodites ............................................................................................. Anamastigona Silvestri, 1894 (18)

- Posterior gonopods without colpocoxites and telopodites............................................................................. .................................................................................... Ractheuma Golovatch, 1984; R. excorne Golovatch

18 Colpocoxites and angiocoxites of posterior gonopods of almost the same height ................................... 19

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods considerably longer than colpocoxites ( Figs. 16 r and 16p)............ 21

19 Anterior gonopods with flagella ...................................................... A. matsakisi Mauriès and Karamaouna

- Anterior gonopods without flagella...........................................................................................................20

20 Anterior gonopods basally with a small laterobasal remnant of telopodite ( Fig. 14 d), with small unpaired, barbed, trapeziform central lobe; posterior gonopods with remnant of telopodite as a pigmented spot ...... ............................................................................................... A. albanensis Mauriès, Golovatch and Stoev

- Anterior gonopods without telopodite, with robust, subcylindrical, apically bifurcate central lobe; posterior gonopods with knob-like remnant of telopodite ..................................................................................... A. meridionalis Silvestri and A. aspromontis (Strasser) (In our opinion, A. meridionalis Silvestri, 1898 and A. aspromontis (Strasser, 1970) are actually the same species.)

21 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods elongated and thin, never with setae or nipples apically................22

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods broad, with apical setae or nipples..................................................26

22 Posterior gonopods with telopodite remnants........................................................................................... 23

- Posterior gonopods without telopodite......................................................................................................24

23 Colpocoxites of posterior gonopods fused in quadrangular plate with apical membranous lobe ................. ................................................................................................................................. A. pulchella (Silvestri)

- Colpocoxites of posterior gonopods well separated ..................................................................................... A. bilselli (Verhoeff) and A. halophila (Verhoeff) [In our opinion A. halophila (Verhoeff, 1940) is only a synonym of A. bilseli (Verhoeff, 1940) ].

24 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods semilunar, bent externally; colpocoxites in contact and only apically diverge externally; lateral parts of anterior gonopods with hook-like postero-lateral branches .................. ................................................................................................................................... A. lepenicae (Strasser)

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods obliquely oriented externally; colpocoxites in contact only basally; lateral parts of anterior gonopods without hook-like postero-lateral branches........................................25

25 Both apical parts of anterior gonopods with spinulate lateral margins......................... A. falcata (Gulička)

- Both apical parts of anterior gonopods without spinulate lateral margins ................. A. deltcevi (Strasser)

26 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods with mesal triangular outgrowths ....................... A. hauseri (Strasser)

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods without mesal triangular outgrowths...............................................27

27 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods C-shaped, apically oriented toward sagittal body axis ........................ .................................................................................................................................. A. hispidula (Silvestri)

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods sigmoid or C-shaped, apically oriented toward the outside............28

28 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods apically covered with nipples, without setae. A. penicillata (Attems)

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods apically without nipples, but always with setae.............................29

29 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods with one long seta on the place of telopodite rudiments ..................... ...................................................................................... A. mediterranea Ćurčić, Makarov and Lymberakis

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods without seta on the place of telopodite rudiments............................... ........................................................................................................................... A. penteliconica (Verhoeff)

30 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods distally divided into two branches, parallel-sided and recurved cephalically; leg-pairs XIV–XVII with expanded coxae ............................ Belbogosoma n. gen; B. bloweri n. sp.

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods not divided into two branches; leg-pairs XIV–XVII without expanded coxae.........................................................................................................................................................31

31 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods simple, thin, stick-like, apically with or without setae..........................32

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods massive, not stick-like, sometimes bottle-like or cylindrical, and with different apical or subapical modifications................................................................................................... 34

32 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods, thin, stick-like, with two subapical setae................................................... .......................................................... Rhodoposoma Ćurčić and Makarov, 2000; R. rhodopinum (Strasser)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods thin, stick-like, without setae ................... Troglodicus Gulička, 1967 (33)

33 Unpaired central process of anterior gonopods triangular, stout, strongly spinulate, and on both lateral sides with small rounded lobes .......................................................................... T. meridionale (Tabacaru)

- Unpaired central process of anterior gonopods triangular and slightly elongated, gently spinulate, and on both lateral sides with elongated lobes almost reaching top of the syncoxite ............. T. tridentifer Gulička

34 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods bottle-like without additional modifications; unpaired central process absent ............................................................................................................................................................ A. alba (Strasser) ( Anamastigona alba ( Strasser, 1960) is probably a member of the Bulgarosoma complex of genera; the presence of an unpaired syncoxite and structure of the posterior gonopods support such an opinion. In such a case, the subgenus Balcandicus Strasser, 1960 is valid and probably deserves full generic status.)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods bottle-like or not, but with additional apical or subapical modifications; unpaired central process present...............................................................................................................35

35 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods massive, cylindrical, without lateral branches; unpaired central process of anterior gonopods subovate with two lateral palp-like branches .................................................................. .............................................................. Banatosoma Ćurčić and Makarov, 2000; B. ocellatum (Tabacaru)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods massive, bottle-like or cylindrical, always with lateral branches or outgrowths; unpaired central process of anterior gonopods triangular or complex and with apical or lateral branches.....................................................................................................................................................36

36 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods cylindrical, pillar-like with peculiar arm-like lateral subapical branches; unpaired central process of anterior gonopods small, triangular................................................................... ...... Bulgarosoma Verhoeff, 1926 ; B. bureschi Verhoeff (In the absence of adequate drawings of anterior gonopods, we could not include the species Bulgarosoma superficiei Strasser, 1975 in the key.)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods cylindrical or bottle-like, apicaly simple or hammer- or anchor-like; unpaired process of anterior gonopods enlarged and complex, not triangular ........................................ 37

37 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods bottle-like with hammer- or anchor-like tip ............................................... ................................................................................................. Serbosoma Ćurčić and Makarov, 2000 (39)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods cylindrical with simple tip.....................................................................38

38 Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods slightly covered or straights, never sigmoid, without nipples apically .............................. Perunosoma Ćurčić and Makarov, 2007 ; Perunosoma trojanica Ćurčić and Makarov

- Angiocoxites of posterior gonopods sigmoid, with numerous nipples apically ............................................ ........................................................................... Svarogosoma Makarov, 2003 ; S. bozidarcurcici Makarov

39 Body size <16 mm ................................................................................................................................... 40

- Body size> 16 mm ................................................................................................................................... 41

40 Syncoxite of anterior gonopods subapically with wing-like lobes, setal field in the caudal base of lateral part of anterior gonopods absent ( Fig. 15 j) .......................................... S. zagubicae (Ćurčić and Makarov)

- Syncoxite of anterior gonopods subapically with triangular lobes, setal field in the caudal base of lateral part of anterior gonopods present ....................................................... S. beljanicae (Ćurčić and Makarov)

41 Apical part of syncoxite of anterior gonopods anchor-like; lateral processes of posterior gonopods sigmoid, apically covered with numerous nipples ....................................................... S. lazarevensis (Ceuca)

- Apical part of syncoxite of anterior gonopods hammer-like; lateral processes of posterior gonopods not sigmoid, apically without nipples..............................................................................................................42

42 Basal part of syncoxite of anterior gonopods strongly rounded; lateral processes of posterior gonopods wrinkled ............................................................................................... S. kucajensis (Ćurčić and Makarov)

- Basal part of syncoxite of anterior gonopods not rounded; lateral processes of posterior not wrinkled ...... ......................................................................................................................................... S. crucis (Strasser)

Figures

FIGURES 14 – 16. General scheme of anterior and posterior gonopods in different anthroleucosomatidan genera. 14 — anterior gonopods, oral view: a—sternal process (as in the genus Ghilarovia Guliċka, 1972); b—anterior central elements (as in the genus Alloiopus Attems, 1951); c—anterior sternal sac (as in the genus Adshardicus Golovatch, 1981); d—telopodite (as in the genus Anamastigona Silvestri, 1898); e—lateral parts [as in the genera Alloiopus (right half) and Dacosoma Tabacaru, 1967 (left half)]. 15 — anterior gonopods, caudal view: f—posterior acute lamella (as in the genus Ghilarovia); g—claw-like branch (as in the genus Camptogona Brölemann, 1935); h—syncoxite (as in the genus Serbosoma Ć urċiċ & Makarov, 2000); i—unpaired central process (as in the genus Bulgarosoma Verhoeff, 1926); j—lateral part (as in the genus Bulgarosoma). 16 — posterior gonopods: k—anterior triangular lamella (as in the genus Ghilarovia); l—sternal process (as in the genus Dacosoma); m—telopodites (as in the genus Anthroleucosoma Verhoeff, 1899); ncoxal processes (as in the genus Alloiopus); p—angiocoxites (as in the genus Anamastigona); r—colpocoxites (as in the genus Anamastigona); t—coxites (as in the genus Caucaseuma Strasser, 1970).