Lophogastrida

Vicente, Carlos San, 2016, An annotated check-list of lophogastrids (Crustacea: Lophogastrida) from the seas of the Iberian Peninsula, Zootaxa 4178 (4), pp. 481-502 : 495-496

Key to species of Lophogastrida recorded in Iberian seas

(Modified from Nouvel 1942, 1943, Tattersall & Tattersall 1951, Mauchline 1980, Meland & Aas 2013, Wittmann et al. 2014, Petryashov 2015).

1.a. Integument calcareous. Pleomeres with well-developed pleural plates. At least thoracic endopods 3–7 are pediform....... 2

1.b. Integument not calcareous. Pleomeres without projecting pleural plates. Thoracic endopods 1–4 developed as maxillipeds (family Eucopiidae , genus Eucopia , Fig. 6 AB)............................................................. 3

2.a. Carapace provided with long rostrum. Only thoracic endopod 1 developed as maxilliped. Exopod of uropod with transverse subapical suture. (family Gnathophausiidae , Fig. 6 CD)...................................................... 7

2.b. Carapace with rostrum produced into broad short plate, anterior margin smooth, denticulate or tridentate. Thoracic endopods 1, 2 developed as maxillipeds. Exopod of uropod with or without transverse subapical suture. (family Lophogastridae )..... 12

3.a. Telson with one or two lateral constrictions near apex, dorsal surface ornamented with a series of honeycomb ridges............................................................................... Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon, 1893

3.b. Telson gradually tapering to narrow truncate apex, one or two lateral constrictions near apex, dorsal surface not ornamented.................................................................................................... 4

4.a Eye with cornea lateral................................................................................ 5

4.b. Eye with cornea terminal................................................................................ 6

5.a. Outer margin of antennal scale sinuous. Penultimate large spines on each side of telson separated from terminal setae by less than five small setae......................................................... Eucopia grimaldii Nouvel, 1942

5.b. Outer margin of antennal scale straight. Penultimate large spine on each side of telson separated from terminal setae by 5–24 small spinules.................................................. Eucopia unguiculata ( Willemoës-Suhm, 1875)

6.a. Eyes more than twice as broad as long. Distal segment of exopod of uropod about as long as broad, outer margin of proximal segment without medial pointed protuberance........................................ Eucopia australis Dana, 1852

6.b. Eyes twice or less as broad as long. Distal segment of exopod of uropods more broad than long, outer margin of proximal segment with one medial pointed protuberance.......................................... Eucopia major Hansen, 1910

7.a. Median dorsal keel of carapace sharply serrated. Tergites of pleomeres 1–5 with large spiniform processus in middle of dorsal part. Apex of telson crown-shaped (genus Fagegnathophausia )..... Fagegnathophausia gracilis ( Willemoës-Suhm, 1875)

7.b. Median dorsal keel of carapace smooth. Tergites of pleomeres 1–5 smooth or with small spiniform process in middle of dorsal part. Apex of telson crescent-shaped or heart-shaped......................................................... 8

8.a. Antennal scale ovate or subovate, unsegmented, external margin serrated, with 2–9 spines. Pleural plates on pleomeres 6 and 7 fused ventrally to form heart shaped plate with deep cleft at posterior end (genus Neognathophausia ).................. 9

8.b. Antennal scale lanceolate, divided by an oblique distal suture, external margin smooth or armed with several small teeth. Pleural plates on pleomeres 6 and 7 not fused to form ventral plate. (genus Gnathophausia )............................ 10

9.a. Anteroventral lobes of pleural plates of pleomeres 2–5 small and rounded, posteroventral lobes pointed. Antennal scale lanceolate or sublanceolate, extending into sharply pointed apex........... .. Neognathophausia gigas ( Willemoës-Suhm, 1873)

9.b. Both anterior and posteroventral lobes of pleural plates of pleomeres 2–5 pointed. Antennal scale ovate or subovate, tapering

into short pointed apex................................................ Neognathophausia ingens ( Dohrn, 1870) 10.a. Keel along ventrolateral margin of carapace not curved dorsally near posterior end, mid-dorsal keel interrupted, forming “notch” at cervical groove, near base of rostrum............................. Gnathophausia affinis G.O. Sars, 1884

10.b. Keel along ventrolateral margin of carapace curved dorsally as it approaches posterior end, mid-dorsal not interrupted at cervical groove......................................................................................... 11

11.a. Apex of telson crescent shaped. Ventrolateral keels on carapace curved upwards along posterior margin and merge with dorsolateral keels...................................................... Gnathophausia zoea Willemoës-Suhm, 1873

11.b. Apex of telson heart shaped. Ventrolateral keels on carapace curved upwards along posterior margin, gradually weaken and not merge with dorsolateral keels....................................... Gnathophausia bergstadi Meland & Aas, 2013

12.a. Integument moderately or strongly calcareous. Eyes developed. Anterior margin of carapace tridentate (genus Lophogaster , Fig. 6 EF).......................................................................................... 13

12.b. Integument less calcified. Eyes reduced. Anterior margin of carapace serrate (genus Chalaraspidum )................................................................................ Chalaraspidum alatum ( Willemoës-Suhm, 1876)

13.a. Carapace with minute tubercles, especially in central dorsal area.............................................. 14

13.b. Carapace without tubercles............................................................................. 15

14.a. Carapace with 2 prominent post-orbital spines.................................. .. Lophogaster typicus M. Sars, 1857

14.b. Carapace without post-orbital spines......................................... Lophogaster challengeri Fage, 1940

15.a. Median process of frontal plate very elongate. Antenal scale very elongate, triangular in shape, outer margin with 9–10 spines...................................................................... Lophogaster spinosus Ortmann, 1907

15.b. Three anterior processes of rostral plate subequal in length. Antenal scale lanceloate, outer margin with 6–7 spines............................................................................... Lophogaster subglaber Hansen, 1927

Figures

FIGURE 6. Eucopia australis Dana, 1852: preserved empty female from the Bellingshausen Sea in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view (modified after San Vicente 2010 a). Gnathophausia zoea Willemoës-Suhm, 1873 from Cap Breton (Bay of Biscay): freshly adult male in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) view (original illustration). Lophogaster spinosus Ortmann, 1906 from the Gulf of Cádiz: freshly adult male in dorsal (E) and lateral (F) view (modified after Abelló et al. 2011).